无需还纳的保护性回肠造口技术的再优化

目的探讨在既往经回肠壁无需还纳的保护性肠造口技术基础上优化为经回盲部无需还纳的保护性回肠造FI术的临床应用。方法先制作“组合引流装置”（“组合装置”）：根据回肠直径,先用合适型号的可降解吻合环置于避孕套内并予固定,剪去避孕套头端的储精囊．套内置人直径约0．8em、头端带侧孔的引流管,固定引流管于避孕套内。将原先切开回肠壁置人“组合装置”优化：在距回盲瓣5cm处回肠做2个距离约0．5cm的肠管环行荷包．并在对系膜缘和2个荷包缝线之间横向切开肠壁约半圈,置入“组合装置”,其远端从阑尾根部盲肠壁引出,将“组合装置”从右下腹Trocar孔引出腹腔外。结果2010年10月至2012年7月上海同济医院胃肠外科共完成17例超低位直肠癌保护性造口,其中6例应用优化前的经回肠壁无需还纳的保护性回肠造FI术（优化前组）,1l例采用优化后的经回盲部无需还纳的保护性回肠造FI术（优化后组）。所有患者术后低位吻合口愈合良好,引流管排粪顺畅。3—5周左右吻合环降解后顺利拔管。优化前组有1例患者在拔管前后出现肠鸣音亢进和轻度阵发性腹部绞痛等肠梗阻征象;而优化后组无一例出现肠梗阻。优化前组造瘘引流管拔除后的腹壁瘘FI愈合时间为5。36（平均9）d;优化后组则为3～7（平均5）d。结论再优化的经回盲部保护性回肠造FI技术拔管后腹壁造瘘口愈合时间明显缩短,且由于无需固定回肠,发生肠扭转和肠梗阻的概率也相应降低。     

孤立性眩晕型小脑梗死的误诊分析与早期识别

目的旨在探讨急性孤立性眩晕型小脑梗死的早期识别因子及误诊为前庭周围性眩晕的原因。方法通过回顾性分析55例表现为孤立性眩晕发作的急性小脑梗死及58例年龄基本相配前庭周围性眩晕患者的临床资料,分析漏诊和误诊的具体原因,比较分析急性小脑梗死与前庭周围性眩晕患者的临床特点与脑血管病危险因素,寻找早期识别急性小脑梗死的预测因子。结果 13例(23.64%)初诊时被误诊为前庭周围性眩晕者。36例(65.45%)没有步态检查记录,所有患者没有进行眼前庭反射检查,初诊时阳性体征(如眼球震颤、辨距不良及直线行走困难等)的发现率明显偏低。16例(29.09%)没有及时进行头部CT或MRI检查。小脑性眩晕的早期呕吐、头痛症状及眩晕间隙期步态障碍的发生率也明显高于周围性眩晕(P<0.05)。二项Logistic回归分析发现男性、Essen缺血性卒中风险评估(ESRS)>3分是预测急性小脑梗死的重要因子(P<0.05)。结论急性小脑梗死通常表现为孤立性眩晕症状,容易漏诊或误诊。病史询问不详尽、神经系统体格检查不彻底、忽视了神经影像学检查以及早期CT检查的不敏感性是容易漏诊或误诊的重要原因。ESRS>3分、早期出现呕吐或头痛、眩晕间隙期直线行走困难、前庭眼球反射正常对早期诊断小脑性急性孤立性眩晕有重要临床价值。     

Exercise activities are impaired in maintenance dialysis patients and its correlative factors

Objective To investigate the exercise performance in maintenance dialysis patients, and analyze its correlative factors. Methods Maintenance dialysis patients admitted in Tongji Hospital of Shanghai from December 2014 to March 2015 were enrolled, with their baseline data and biochemical measurement being collected. The anthropometric indexes including arm circumference, triceps skinfold, waist circumference and hip circumference were detected. The exercise activity was assessed by hand grip test, timed up and go test (3mTUG) and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Patients were divided into fast group (3mTUG≤12 s) and slow group (3mTUG＞12 s). Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the factors influencing exercise performance in maintenance dialysis. Results There were 121 patients enrolled: 62 on peritoneal dialysis and 59 on hemodialysis, 76 men and 45 women. Patients' average age was (61.6±13.0) years and median dialysis age was 31.7(12.3, 69.0) months. There was no statistical difference between fast group (n=80) and slow group (n=41) in gender, dialysis method, dialysis age, body mass index (BMI), arm muscle area (AMA), waist-hip ratio (WHR), hemoglobin (Hb) and total cholesterol (TC). Patients in fast group were younger, had higher serum albumin, prealbumin, serum phosphate and iPTH, and less prevalence of diabetes than those in slow group. In exercise activity, patients in fast group had better performance in handgrip, 3mTUG and FTSST (all P＜0.05). Univariate analysis showed that, handgrip was correlated with sex (male), AMA, BMI, age, diabetes, serum phosphorus and TC; scores in FTSST was correlated with age, BMI, diabetes, WHR, dialysis method, dialysis age, prealbumin and serum phosphorus; scores in 3mTUG was correlated with age, diabetes, WHR, dialysis method and dialysis age, prealbumin, serum phosphorus and iPTH (all P＜0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that sex (male), age, AMA and diabetes were independently correlated with handgrip in dialysis patients (all P＜0.05); age, dialysis method, BMI and diabetes were independently correlated with scores in FTSST (all P＜0.05); age, dialysis method, diabetes and WHR were independently correlated with scores in 3mTUG (all P＜0.05). Conclusions The exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis are impaired. Age and diabetes are independent factor associated with the exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis. AMA is independently associated with upper limb movement, and dialysis method, BMI and WHR are independent factors associated with lower limb movement in dialysis patients.     

踝关节损伤的治疗进展与思考

正踝关节损伤的损伤力机制复杂,包括轴向暴力、旋转暴力、剪切暴力及混合暴力。常见的踝关节损伤包括骨折、韧带损伤以及两者的混合伤。不稳定的踝关节损伤大多数需采取手术治疗。踝关节损伤一直是国内外骨科领域的研究热点,包括损伤的机制、诊断和分类、治疗方案等,产生很多较新的理念和技术。但多数医生未能熟练掌握和运用,所以每年有大量患者因为误诊漏诊或者不合理治疗导致长期疼痛、功能障碍以及肢体畸形。1腓骨远端骨折的治疗进展对于没有移位的单纯外踝骨折,过去习惯非手     

3.0T弥散加权成像表观弥散系数值对肾盂癌侵袭性的评价价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWD对肾盂癌的诊断价值及其表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值与病理分期分级的关系.方法 回顾性分析33例肾盂癌患者的临床资料.所有患者均行常规磁共振扫描及DWI检查(b值=0和b值=800 s/mm2),将磁共振DWI诊断结果与病理结果进行对照,计算DWI诊断肾盂癌的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.分析并记录病灶的DWI信号特点,对每个病灶选择3个感兴趣区(region of interest,ROD:小ROI、大ROI及最小ADC值.比较不同性别间、不同部位肾盂癌间、肾盂癌与正常肾实质间、3组ROI间、不同病理分级和不同临床分期间的ADC值的差异.采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测Ki-67在肾盂癌组织中的表达,分析Ki-67表达与ADC值的关系.结果 当b值=800 s/mm2时,利用DWI诊断肾盂癌的敏感性为90.9％、特异性91.4％、准确率91.2％、阳性预测值90.9％、阴性预测值91.4％.ADC值在不同性别、不同部位肾盂癌间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在肾盂癌与正常肾实质间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在3组ROI间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).低级别(G1～G2级)肾盂癌的ADC值较高级别(G3级)高,局限于肾盂(Ta～T2期)的ADC值较有局部侵犯(L期)高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Ki-67表达与肿瘤的病理分级、分期有关,ADC值与Ki-67的表达量呈负相关(r=-0.88,P＜0.01).结论 ROI的大小对于尿路上皮癌的鉴别意义可能不大;在不使用造影剂的情况下,DWI有利于术前评估肾盂癌的组织学分级及分期.     

上海市方舱医院新型冠状病毒肺炎患者心理健康状况调查及影响因素研究

目的调查上海市2022年3月以来新一波新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间方舱医院新冠肺炎患者心理健康状况,并分析影响因素,为开展针对性的心理干预和治疗提供科学依据。方法于2022年4月6日—5月11日,采用横断面研究、方便抽样法,应用微信小程序“同心守沪”对上海市3所方舱医院新冠肺炎患者采用突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷,调查心理健康状况,并初步分析影响因素。结果共268例患者完成问卷调查,心理症状检出者261例（97.4%）,其中抑郁、神经衰弱、恐惧、强迫-焦虑、疑病症状检出率分别为80.6%、69.8%、89.6%、75.4%、41%。心理健康总评分影响因素有年龄（P=0.008）、躯体疾病（P=0.03）、既往是否有精神心理问题（P＜0.001）、疫情对心身的影响程度（P＜0.001）;抑郁评分（P=0.019）和神经衰弱评分（P=0.021）还受教育程度影响;神经衰弱评分还受性别影响（P=0.024）;疑病评分还受新冠肺炎认知程度影响（P=0.007）。结论上海市方舱医院集中隔离治疗点内患者恐惧、抑郁、强迫-焦虑症状多见,心理异常症状严重程度以轻、中度为主。随年龄越小、受教育程度越高、女性患者、有躯体疾病、既往存在精神心理问题、对新冠肺炎认知程度低、疫情对心身影响程度越大,心理症状总分越高,症状越严重。     

老年2型糖尿病住院患者肌少症危险因素分析

目的研究肌少症筛查评分在老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)住院患者中的临床应用,以及肌少症患者的危险因素。方法选取2020年1月—2020年12月同济大学附属同济医院收治的住院T2DM患者共170例,本研究计算了患者的肌少症评分,根据公式得分高低,将所有参与者分为肌少症高风险患者组(n=92)和肌少症低风险患者组(n=78)。分别记录患者的年龄、性别、生活方式;计算患者的腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio, WHR)、体质量指数(body mass index, BMI),测量患者的小握力、腿围;检测患者的总蛋白(total protein, TP)、白蛋白(albumin, Alb)、前白蛋白(prealbumin, PA)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose, FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c)、胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides, TG)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、肌酐(creatinine, Cr)、尿酸(uric acid, UA)、维生素D(vitamin D, Vit D)和淋巴细胞计数(lymphocyte, Ly)。比较两组患者一般情况、营养代谢指标、Vit D水平,并分析老年T2DM肌少症高风险患者的影响因素分析。χ2检验进行率的比较,多因素Logistic回归进行相关性分析。结果两组患者的Ishii评分、年龄、性别、BMI、握力、小腿围、ALB、BUN、Cr、FPG比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。两组患者的WHR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);相关性分析结果表明: 老年T2DM患者的肌少症评分与年龄、FPG呈正相关(P＜0.05),与BMI、握力和小腿围呈负相关(P＜0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归结果表明,性别、高水平的FPG是老年T2DM肌少症高风险患者的独立危险因素,较高的BMI是肌少症的保护因素。结论对于老年T2DM患者来说,肌少症评分与FPG、BMI均有一定相关性。性别、高水平的FPG是肌少症高风险患者的明确危险因素,较高的BMI是肌少症的保护因素。     

CCL28-CCR10通路在类风湿关节炎单核细胞迁移中的作用

目的: 观察类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者关节中单核/巨噬细胞趋化因子受体CCR10的表达,探讨趋化因子CCL28与其受体CCR10在RA单核细胞迁移中的作用及机制。方法: 采用免疫组织化学法分析8例RA患者、4例骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者和4例正常对照者滑膜组织中CCR10的表达并进行细胞染色评分(0~5分),流式细胞术检测26例RA患者和20例健康对照者外周血、15例RA患者滑液CD14⁺单核细胞中CCR10阳性细胞比例,Transwell迁移实验检测CCL28对RA和健康对照单核细胞的趋化性,Western blotting检测CCL28干预RA单核细胞的细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)通路磷酸化。结果: CCR10表达在RA滑膜衬里层细胞及衬里下层的巨噬细胞、血管内皮细胞、淋巴细胞;RA滑膜衬里层细胞和衬里下层巨噬细胞的CCR10表达明显高于OA和正常对照的滑膜(P均 < 0.01)。RA患者外周血CD14⁺单核细胞表达CCR10明显高于健康对照者[(15.6±3.0)% vs. (7.7±3.8)%, P < 0.01];RA患者滑液单核细胞CCR10的表达为(32.0±15.0)%,明显高于RA外周血(P < 0.01)。体外实验中,10~100 μg/L的CCL28能有效诱导RA和健康对照外周血CD14⁺单核细胞迁移(P均 < 0.01);抗CCR10单抗能明显抑制CCL28对RA单核细胞的趋化(P < 0.01)。CCL28干预RA单核细胞明显增加ERK和Akt的磷酸化(P均 < 0.05);ERK抑制剂(U0126)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)抑制剂(LY294002)可明显降低CCL28诱导的RA单核细胞迁移(P均 < 0.01)。结论: RA患者外周血、滑液及滑膜单核/巨噬细胞CCR10表达增高,CCL28与CCR10结合并通过激活ERK、PI3K/Akt信号通路促使RA单核细胞迁移;CCL28-CCR10通路可能参与招募单核细胞进入RA关节,从而促进滑膜炎症和骨破坏。     

微创与传统Chevron截骨治疗轻中度拇外翻的疗效比较

目的:比较微创与传统Chevron截骨法治疗轻中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年月2月收治的36例(36足)轻中度拇外翻患者的临床资料,按照手术方法不同分为微创截骨组(微创组)和传统Chevron截骨组(传统组)。微创组16例(16足),男1例,女15例,年龄36~60(49.0±9.5)岁;按照Mann分型标准,轻度9例,中度7例;采用微创截骨结合空心钉固定治疗。传统组20例(20足),男2例,女18例,年龄38~65(50.0±9.2)岁;按照Mann分型标准,轻度11例,中度9例;采用传统Chevron截骨治疗。观察并比较两组患者术前和术后12个月拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),比较术前、术后6周和12个月美国矫形足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)前足评分和视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果:36例(36足)患者获得随访,时间14~30(21.00±5.77)个月。术后所有患者伤口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染。术前和术后12个月两组患者HVA、IMA、AOFAS前足评分和VAS比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6周,微创组AOFAS前足评分、VAS明显优于传统组(P<0.05)。两组术后12个月HVA、IMA、AOFAS前足评分和VAS较术前改善(P<0.05)。结论:与传统Chevron截骨相比,微创截骨创伤小、恢复更快;而远期随访两者疗效相似,均可取得满意的疗效,但微创截骨治疗拇外翻需注意学习曲线。     

Intravenous delivery of microRNA-133b along with Argonaute-2 enhances spinal cord recovery following cervical contusion in mice

Background contextAcute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition for which spine decompression and stabilization of injury remains the only therapy available in the clinical setup. However, fibrous scar formation during the healing process significantly impairs full recovery. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNA(s) and initiating translational repression or mRNA degradation. It has been reported that microRNA-133b (miR133b) is highly expressed in regenerating neurons following a SCI in zebrafish, and lentiviral delivery of miR133b at the time of SCI in mice resulted in improved functional recovery.PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate whether intravenous delivery of miR133b enhances spinal cord recovery when administered 24 hours following a cervical contusion injury in mice.Study designThis is an experimental animal study of acute SCI, investigating the effect of miR133b on spinal cord recovery by targeting scar lesion formation. The approach involved setting an acute SCI in mice, which was followed 24 hours later by intravenous co-delivery of miR133b and Argonaute 2 (Ago2), a protein involved in miRNA stabilization. Readouts of the impact of this intervention included analysis of RNA and protein expression at the lesion site, in particular with regard to markers of scar tissue formation, and determination of motor function recovery by the grip strength meter task.MethodsC57BL6 female mice between 6 and 8 weeks of age were tested. The injury model employed was a unilateral moderate contusion at the cervical fifth level. Twenty-four hours following the injury, the authors co-delivered miR133b, or scrambled miRNA as negative control, along with Ago2 for 3 consecutive days, one dose per day via tail-vein injection. They first investigated the level of miR133b in the spinal cord and in spinal cord lesion after a single dose of injection. Next, they determined the efficacy of miR133b and/or Ago2 delivery in regulating gene and protein expression at the lesion site. Finally, they established the role of miR133b and/or Ago2 in enhancing forelimb gripping recovery as assessed by the grip strength meter task for 8 weeks post-SCI.ResultsIntravenous delivery of miR133b and/or Ago2 targeted the microenvironment at the lesion site and prevented the increased expression of certain extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), in particular collagen type 1 alpha 1 and tenascin N, which are known to have a key role in scar formation. It also reduced microglia and/or macrophage recruitment to the lesion site. Functional recovery in mice treated with miR133b and/or Ago2 started around 2 weeks postinjury and continued to improve over time, whereas mice in the control group displayed significantly poorer recovery.ConclusionsOur data indicate therapeutic activity of intravenous miR133b and/or Ago2 treatment, possibly via decreasing ECM protein expression and macrophage recruitment at the lesion site, thereby minimizing detrimental fibrous scar formation.Clinical significanceThere is an urgent medical need for better treatments of SCIs. Based on our findings in a preclinical model, the miR133b and/or Ago2 system specifically targets fibrous scar formation, a barrier in neuronal regrowth, by remodeling ECM molecules at the injury site. Prevention of scar formation is critical to improved outcomes of treatment. Of note, delivery of miR133b and/or Ago2 was initiated 24 hours after traumatic impact, thus indicating a fairly long window of opportunity providing more time and flexibility for therapeutic intervention. Intravenous miR133b may become a beneficial therapeutic strategy to treat patients with acute SCI.