乳洁安中丹参素的药物动力学研究

目的:探讨乳洁安中丹参的主要活性成分丹参素的药物动力学。方法:家兔口服给予乳洁安流浸膏,在不同时间点采集血样,用HPLC法测定丹参素血药浓度的经时变化,以3P87药动学软件进行分析,计算药动学参数。结果:家兔血浆中药动学参数分别为:ka为(5.5±1.2)h-1,k为(0.95±0.18)h-1,t1/2为(0.75±0.12)h,Cmax为(5.3±0.6)μg.mL-1,tmax为(0.40±0.06)h,AUC0-t为(6.3±1.2)μg.h.mL-1,AUC0-∞为(7.0±1.3)μg.h.mL-1。结论:乳洁安中丹参素进入兔体内后分布快,药物起效迅速,本研究为乳洁安的进一步开发提供了有价值的药动学数据。     

Cell origins and significance of IL-17 in malignant pleural effusion

Purpose

T cells are dominant in the immune regulation of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). However, it is unclear about the role of IL-17+ T cells, particularly for IL-17+CD8+ Tc17 cells in antitumor immunity. This retrospective study is aimed at evaluating the prognostic significance of IL-17+ T cells in patients with MPE.

Methods

The frequency of IL-17+CD4+ Th17 and IL-17+CD8+ Tc17 cells in peripheral blood (PB), pleural fluids (PF), and tumor tissues in 24 patients undergoing thoracoscopy was determined by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. The association among the different measures was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation tests.

Results

The percentages of PF Th17 and Tc17 cells were significantly higher than those in the PB of MPE patients and healthy controls (p < 0.01). Analysis of Th17 and Tc17 cells in the tumor tissues indicated that the percentages of Th17 and Tc17 cells in the invading tumor edge were significantly higher than those in the non-tumor tissues and intra-tumor regions (p < 0.05). More importantly, the percentages of IL-17+ T cells were associated with prolonged survival of patients with MPE.

Conclusions

Both Th17 and Tc17 cells were involved in the tumor immunity against MPE. Increased frequency of Tc17 cells may serve as a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with MPE.     

Histamine-4 receptor antagonist JNJ7777120 inhibits pro-inflammatory microglia and prevents the progression of Parkinson-like pathology and behaviour in a rat model

The activation of microglial cells is presumed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The activity of microglia is regulated by the histamine-4 receptor (H₄R), thus providing a novel target that may prevent the progression of PD. However, this putative mechanism has so far not been validated. In our previous study, we found that mRNA expression of H₄R was upregulated in PD patients. In the present study, we validated this possible mechanism using the rotenone-induced PD rat model, in which mRNA expression levels of H₄R-, and microglial markers were significantly increased in the ventral midbrain. Inhibition of H₄R in rotenone-induced PD rat model by infusion of the specific H₄R antagonist JNJ7777120 into the lateral ventricle resulted in blockade of microglial activation. In addition, pharmacological targeting of H₄R in rotenone-lesioned rats resulted in reduced apomorphine-induced rotational behaviour, prevention of dopaminergic neuron degeneration and associated decreases in striatal dopamine levels. These changes were accompanied by a reduction of Lewy body-like neuropathology. Our results provide first proof of the efficacy of an H₄R antagonist in a commonly used PD rat model, and proposes the H₄R as a promising target to clinically tackle microglial activation and thereby the progression of PD.     

京尼平苷对大鼠软骨细胞增殖的影响

背景：京尼平苷能够促进韧带成纤维细胞的增殖和胶原的合成,促进组织的修复和韧带损伤的愈合。 目的：观察京尼平苷对大鼠软骨细胞增殖的影响。 方法：采用二次酶消化法获得大鼠关节软骨细胞进行传代培养,并取第4代细胞给予0,25,50,100 mmol/L京尼平苷干预,利用MTT比色、流式细胞仪检测细胞周期等方法检测药物干预后第4代软骨细胞的增殖情况。 结果与结论：体外培养的软骨细胞随着传代次数的增加,细胞形态由原代的多角形逐渐变为长梭形;且随着培养时间的延长及京尼平苷浓度的升高,软骨细胞增殖更为显著(P < 0.01)。     

青蒿琥酯对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察青蒿琥酯对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)的动物模型-胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis,CIA)大鼠滑膜细胞的影响,探讨其对RA的作用机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠皮内注射Ⅱ型胶原,建立CIA大鼠模型,然后取其滑膜组织用胶原酶消化法进行原代培养。取3~5代的传代细胞,进行后续实验。流式细胞仪检测青蒿琥酯和甲氨喋呤对滑膜细胞凋亡率的影响,电镜观察青蒿琥酯作用下滑膜细胞的形态。结果:青蒿琥酯高、中浓度可导致滑膜细胞的凋亡率增加(P<0.05),电镜下可以观察到青蒿琥酯引起滑膜细胞凋亡。结论:青蒿琥酯对实验性RA的作用与诱导滑膜细胞凋亡有关。     

Nitric oxide inhibits ghrelin-induced cell proliferation and ERK1/2 activation in GH3 cells

Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone release and cell proliferation, which strongly supports a significant role for this peptide in the control of growth hormone-releasing adenomas function and growth. Nitric oxide can influence the stimulatory effects of ghrelin on growth hormone secretion in growth hormone-releasing adenomas. However, the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on ghrelin-induced cell proliferation and the mechanism of this effect in the adenoma were not clarified. In this study, we observed that ghrelin, at a concentration of 10?? to 10?? M, significantly increased BrdU incorporation into rat GH3 cells. A NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), blunted basal, and ghrelin-induced cell proliferation. A blocker of NO synthase, Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (NAME), had no influence on these actions. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was examined by western blotting. The results showed that SNAP reduced ghrelin-stimulated ERK1/2 activation but NAME had no influence on this activation. Together, this study indicates that NO inhibited ghrelin-induced cell proliferation by blocking ERK1/2 activation in GH3 cells.     

宜昌地区浅部真菌病及真菌分析

目的了解宜昌地区浅部真菌病及真菌分布特点。方法对在医院皮肤科就诊,并拟诊为浅部真菌病感染的1982例患者标本,行显微镜检查、细菌培养及菌种鉴定。结果 1982例浅部真菌病患者中,甲真菌病691例,占34.9%,股癣402例,占20.3%,足癣374例,占18.9%;分离的1030株真菌中,主要为红色毛癣菌626株,占60.8%;其余依次为假丝酵母菌属、须癣毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌及犬小孢子菌,分别占22.2%、5.5%、2.8%、2.4%。结论在浅部真菌病及病原菌中,甲真菌病最为常见,致病菌以红色毛癣菌占主导地位,假丝酵母菌属所占比例较往年有大幅增多。     

纳米银抗菌敷料在糖尿病并发浅表脓肿切开引流伤口换药中的应用

目的观察纳米银抗菌敷料在糖尿病并发浅表脓肿切开引流术后伤口换药的效果。方法将250例糖尿病并发浅表脓肿切开引流术后患者,按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,试验组采用纳米银抗菌敷料换药,对照组采用凡士林敷料常规换药,比较两组伤口感染控制、伤口愈合时间及换药次数。结果试验组感染控制时间(4.12±3.97)d、伤口愈合时间(15.33±5.76)d和换药次数(9.12±3.76)次,明显少于对照组[(6.23±7.83)d、(23.12±4.97)d、(15.21±4.96)次],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论纳米银抗菌敷料用于糖尿病并发的浅表脓肿切开术后的伤口换药,在控制伤口感染、缩短疗程、促进伤口愈合及镇痛方面明显优于普通敷料。     

大接骨丹的化学成分研究(Ⅲ)

目的研究大接骨丹Torricellia angulata var.intermedia根皮的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、大孔树脂、Sephadex LH-20和ODS等色谱手段进行化学成分的分离纯化;依据理化性质、波谱数据和相关文献进行结构鉴定。结果分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别鉴定为丁香树脂酚(1)、豆甾醇(2)、3,4,5,7-四羟基-苯乙酸(3)、豆甾-5,11-二烯-3β-醇(4)、22,23-二氢豆甾醇(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6)、26,27-dinor-4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,14-dien-3-ol(7)、硬脂酸(8)、软脂酸(9)、4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛(10)。结论其中化合物3为新的天然产物,化合物1、2、4、5、7、10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

重症监护病房呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原菌及耐药性

目的探讨重症监护病房（ICU）呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）的病原菌及其耐药性,为临床诊断与治疗提供参考依据。方法对ICU VAP患者进行病案调查;并对患者的痰及下呼吸道分泌物进行常规细菌培养,用琼脂扩散法进行药物敏感试验并统计分析。结果ICU 184例VAP患者均患有严重的基础疾病;机械通气的插管方式为经口气管插管、经鼻气管插管和气管切开等;VAP病原菌以G-菌为主占79.9%,其中铜绿假单胞菌41株,居首位占22.3%;肺炎克雷伯菌30株,居第2占16.3%;G＋菌中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）12株,占总株数的6.5%;耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）5株,占2.7%;耐药监测结果显示,G-菌均出现较强的耐药性。结论加强对VAP病原菌的监测与控制,才能提高VAP的诊断与治疗水平。