The incidence of transient radicular irritation after spinal anesthesia in obstetric patients

Background and Objectives. Transient radicular irritation (TRI) has been described after spinal anesthesia, particularly with 5% hyperbaric spinal lidocaine. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of TRI in obstetric patients. Methods. All obstetric patients undergoing spinal anesthesia during a 9-month period were enrolled in the study (n = 303). Details of the anesthetic technique were recorded at the time of anesthesia. A blinded anesthesia nurse contacted each patient on post-operative day 2 and asked about symptoms of TRI. Results. Most patients received either intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% (n = 232) or lidocaine 5% (n = 67) through pencil-point needles. Cerebrospinal fluid was used to dilute the spinal lidocaine in 63% of patients. Patients receiving bupivacaine were more often in the supine position, underwent significantly longer procedures, and more often received intrathecal opioid. The incidence of TRI after lidocaine spinal anesthesia was 0% (95% confidence interval 0–4.5%). Conclusions. The incidence of TRI after spinal lidocaine anesthesia in the obstetric population is low.     

血液高RDW和高N-MID OC/β-CTX比值在老年女性椎体骨折中的诊断价值

目的 探讨血液红细胞分布宽度（RDW）及骨钙素N段中分子片段(N-MID OC)/Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)比值联合检测对老年女性骨质疏松椎体骨折（OPVF）的诊断价值。方法 纳入2021年1月—2021年12月我院≥60岁女性骨质疏松住院患者786例,分为无骨折组（A组,378例）和OPVF组（B组,388例）。N-MID OC、β-CTX、NMID-OC/β-CTX比值、红细胞计数（RBC）、红细胞压积（HCT）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、平均血红蛋白量（MCH）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW-CV）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）及镁（Mg）。结果 与A组相比,B组Ca、P、Hb、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC含量降低,RDW-CV、N-MID OC/β-CTX含量增加,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。OPVF与β-CTX、Ca、P呈负相关,与RDW-CV、N-MID OC/β-CTX呈正相关(均P<0.05)。骨折患者RDW与N-MID OC、β-CTX、Ca、P、Mg呈负相关(均P<0.05)。RDW、N-MID-OC/β-CTX为OPVF的风险因素(均P<0.05),OR分别为1.38、1.005。二者含量越高,椎体骨折风险越高,最高层是最低层的约3倍和2倍,OR为2.818,1.734。二者联合检测可提高对OPVF的诊断性能,其AUC敏感性、特异性、阳性预示值、阴性预示值分别为0.64、42.78%、82.01%、70.9%、58.3%。结论 血液高RDW和高N-MID OC/β-CTX比值与老年女性骨质疏松性椎体骨折明显相关,是其危险因素,可用于辅助诊断及预测其发生     

针刺联合郑氏手法治疗踝关节陈旧性扭伤临床研究

目的:探讨针刺联合郑氏手法治疗踝关节陈旧性扭伤的临床疗效。方法:选取踝关节陈旧性扭伤患者86例为观察对象,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组各43例,对照组采用针刺进行治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合郑氏手法进行治疗,比较两组治疗后患踝压痛评分、肿胀程度、综合功能及不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,两组患踝压痛评分均呈降低趋势(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗1 周、2 周、1个月后压痛评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05); 两组患踝肿胀程度均明显改善(P<0.05),且治疗组患踝肿胀改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05); 两组关节疼痛、功能、活动度评分及Kofoed总分均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗组临床总有效率为95.35%,高于对照组的81.39%(P<0.05); 治疗期间,两组均未出现严重不良反应。结论:应用针刺联合郑氏手法治疗踝关节陈旧性扭伤,可明显改善患者踝关节疼痛和肿胀程度,有效促进关节功能恢复,疗效显著,且较安全。     

以脱细胞牛软骨基质为支架体外构建组织工程软骨的实验研究

目的以脱细胞牛软骨基质（acellular cartilaginous matrix,ACM）作支架体外构建组织工程软骨,了解其作为软骨组织工程支架的可行性。方法 2003年1月-2005年12月联合应用冻干-反复冻融-酶消化法对牛软骨基质行脱细胞处理。将体外培养扩增的2～5代兔软骨细胞接种在材料上,体外培养3周,观察软骨细胞在支架材料上的生长分布情况。结果软骨细胞在制备的ACM上可较好地黏附生长,并且分泌大量Ⅱ型胶原和葡萄糖胺聚糖;但软骨细胞不能长入ACM内部,只能在表层生长,少量软骨细胞分布在ACM孔隙中。结论 ACM支架材料具有良好的细胞相容性和活性,并且能促进软骨细胞增殖和维持软骨细胞表型。     

多层螺旋CT对腰椎后缘软骨结节的诊断及临床应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对腰椎后缘软骨结节的诊断及临床应用价值。方法:使用MSCT容积薄层扫描68例腰椎后缘软骨结节患者,并行多断面重组(MPR)和表面遮盖显示(SSD)。回顾性分析其CT征象,并将轴位及多断面重组图像进行对比分析。结果:68例患者共75个病变,61例单发,7例多发。其中中央型25个,旁中央型46个,椎间孔型4个;伴椎管轻度狭窄39个,中度狭窄31个,重度狭窄5个。病灶在L5、S1椎体后上缘较其他部位更常见(76.0%)。MPR是对轴位的良好补充,可准确判断椎管内细节和椎管狭窄程度(r=0.927,P<0.001;k=0.885,P<0.001)。SSD对椎管狭窄程度的判断存在明显低估(r=0.505,P=0.02;k=0.234,P=0.087)。结论:MSCT可清晰显示病变,准确判断椎管狭窄程度及游离骨块和椎管内容物的关系,具有重要的临床价值。     

反肩关节假体置换治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的早期疗效评价

目的评估反肩关节假体置换术一期治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的早期疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年1月采用反肩关节假体置换术治疗43例老年肱骨近端复杂骨折患者资料,男12例,女31例;年龄72岁(范围,66~78岁);均为外伤导致的新鲜闭合性骨折;受伤至手术时间8 d(范围,6~11 d);根据Neer分型,三部分骨折21例(48.8%,21/43),四部分骨折22例(51.2%,22/43)。采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Neer肩关节置换疗效评价系统以及Constant-Murley肩关节评分等评价术后疗效。结果43例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间141.3 min(范围,120~170 min),术中失血量407 ml(范围,250~700 ml),术中输血446.5 ml(范围,400~800 ml)。43例患者均获得随访,随访时间10.9个月(范围,6~16个月)。所有患者均在术后7 d内出院,无一例发生伤口相关并发症。43例患者的大、小结节均在8周内完全愈合,至末次随访时,未发生假体松动或脱位。末次随访时肩关节前屈上举133.0°(范围,100°~165°),外旋29.5°(范围,20°~35°),内旋46.7°(范围,30°~60°);VAS评分0.8分(范围,0~3分);Neer评分87分(范围,73~98分),其中优20例(46.5%,20/43),良16例(37.2%,16/43),可7例(16.3%,7/43);Constant-Murley评分88.7分(范围,70~98分)。术后第1天,1例71岁的患者即出现腋神经损伤症状,采用神经营养药物治疗,术后6周复查时症状消失,未影响患者的功能康复锻炼,也未对假体的稳定性造成影响。所有患者随访期间未发现感染、肩峰应力骨折、肩胛骨撞击等并发症。结论采用反肩关节假体置换术一期治疗老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的早期疗效满意。     

继发性髋-腰综合征的影像学表现及诊断标准

目的探讨继发性髋-腰综合征的影像学表现及诊断标准。方法回顾性分析自2016-06—2019-06诊治的64例继发性髋-腰综合征,分析其影像学表现。结果64例影像学资料均经过完整分析,经确诊继发于股骨头缺血性坏死病例25例,继发于髋关节结构不良15例,继发于股骨髋臼撞击综合征10例,继发于髋关节盂唇、韧带、滑膜炎等6例,其它髋关节周围病变8例。64例腰椎均有不同程度旋转、侧弯,11例继发L4向前Ⅰ度滑移,10例继发L5向前Ⅰ度滑移,3例继发L5向前Ⅱ度滑移,40例脊柱前倾增加,17例继发腰椎间盘突出,10例椎间盘膨出,9例神经根不同程度受压。结论通过影像学资料全面分析髋-腰综合征有助于作出髋-腰综合征的临床诊断和并指导治疗。     

加速康复外科理念下桡骨远端骨折规范化无痛闭合整复与石膏固定方案优化的专家共识

桡骨远端骨折是急诊最常见的骨折类型。无论是采取保守治疗或是作为手术前的处理,闭合整复石膏固定都具有重要意义。在加速康复外科(ERAS)理念的指导下,规范的无痛闭合整复及石膏固定可以减少患者应激,进一步优化此流程可以提高治疗效果。经全国创伤骨科专家讨论,以循证医学证据为基础,以ERAS理念为指导,特制定该共识,为医务人员在治疗此类骨折时提供指导。该共识适用于新鲜闭合桡骨远端骨折患者。     

持续过度应力作用下兔胫骨生物力学性质的动态实验观察

为进一步观察持续过度应力作用下兔胫骨生物力学性质的动态变化,本实验以青紫兰兔37只,进行大强度主动跑跳试验,并于不同训练周期采集胫骨标本进行扭转破坏实验。实验发现:(1)兔胫骨生物力学性质表现出明显的周期性;在本实验里该周期约为6周。(2)在每周期的第2～3周胫骨生物力学性质显著变化,抗变形能力降低-扭转刚度急剧下降(69．7％,P<0．01),柔韧系数明显升高(203．2％,P<0．05),破坏扭转角明显增加(102．9％,P<0．05);力学强度下降-破坏扭矩、破坏能量吸收和破坏能量吸收密度显著低于对照(多低于对照50％,甚至仅为其34．5％;P<0．01或P<0．05)。我们有理由认为:在持续应力作用下,骨组织的力学性质有明显的波动,表现出一定的周期性,在本实验中胫骨的力学性质变化周期约为6周;在训练周期的2～3周,胫骨生物力学性质明显下降。     

Oblique lumbar interbody fusion combined with stress end plate augmentation and anterolateral screw fixation for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with osteoporosis: a matched-pair case-controlled study

BACKGROUND CONTEXTOblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has been proven to be effective in treating degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). Whether OLIF is suitable for treating patients with DLSS with osteoporosis (OP) is still controversial. Bone cement augmentation is widely used to enhance the internal fixation strength of osteoporotic spines. However, the effectiveness of OLIF combined with bone cement stress end plate augmentation (SEA) and anterolateral screw fixation (AF) for DLSS with OP have not confirmed yet.PURPOSETo evaluate the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of OLIF-AF versus OLIF-AF-SEA in the treatment of DLSS with OP.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective case-control study.PATIENT SAMPLEA total of 60 patients with OP managed for DLSS at L4–L5.OUTCOME MEASURESVisual analog scale (VAS) score of the lower back and leg, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), disk height (DH), lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis (SL), cage subsidence and fusion rate.METHODSThe study was performed as a retrospective matched-pair case‒controlled study. Patients with OP managed for DLSS at L4–L5 between October 2017 and June 2020 and completed at least 2 years of follow-up were included, which were 30 patients treated by OLIF-AF and 30 patients undergoing OLIF-AF-SEA. The demographics and radiographic data, fusion status and functional outcomes were therefore compared to evaluate the efficacy of the two approaches.RESULTSPain and disability improved similarly in both groups at the 24-month follow-up. However, the SEA group had lower pain and functional disability at 3 months postoperatively (p<.05). The mean postoperative disc height decrease (△DH) was significantly lower in the SEA group than in the control group (1.17±0.81 mm vs 2.89±2.03 mm; p<.001). There was no significant difference in lumbar lordosis (LL) or segmental lordosis (SL) between the groups preoperatively and 1 day postoperatively. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in SL and LL between the groups at 24 months postoperatively (p<.05). CS was observed in 4 cases (13.33%) in the SEA group and 17 cases (56.67%) in the control group (p<.001). A nonsignificant difference was observed in the fusion rate between the SEA and control groups (p=.347) at 24 months postoperatively.CONCLUSIONSThis study revealed that OLIF-AF-SEA was safe and effective in the treatment of DLSS with OP. Compared with OLIF-AF, OLIF-AF-SEA results in a minor postoperative disc height decrease, a lower rate of CS, better sagittal balance, and no adverse effect on interbody fusion.