Complications and timing of soft tissue coverage after complete articular,open tibial plateau fractures

PurposeComplete articular tibial plateau fractures are typically high-energy injuries associated with significant soft tissue trauma. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of wound complications and need for soft tissue coverage after open, complete articular tibial plateau fractures. The secondary aim was to study the effect of timing of fixation and timing of flap coverage on deep infection rates in these injuries.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients > 18 years undergoing ORIF of a Bicondylar Tibial Plateau (BTP) fracture between 2001 and 2018. Surgical data were recorded for open fractures including number of debridements, timing of definitive ORIF and soft tissue coverage relative to injury. Primary outcomes included rates of deep infection and unplanned reoperation.Results508 AO/OTA 41C BTP fractures were identified, with 51 open fractures included in 50 patients with a mean (SD) age 45.7 (12.3) years and a mean (SD) follow up of 4.3 (3.8) years. There were 20 cases of deep infection, unplanned reoperation occurred in 26 cases. The majority of cases (28 fractures) had initial external fixation placed, while 24 had ORIF at the initial debridement. Twelve patients had a planned flap for definitive closure on average of 6.4 days (SD 3.9) after injury, 14 required a flap for wound complications. Among patients with IIB and C injuries, rates of deep infection (5/6 vs 1/6, p = 0.02) and reoperation (5/7 vs 2/6, p = 0.08) were higher in patients treated with flap coverage >7 days from injury compared to early flap coverage. There were no differences in complication rates between early (<24hrs) and delayed fixation.ConclusionsComplete articular, open tibial plateau fractures are associated with high rates of complications. Time to flap coverage of seven days or more was a significant predictor of deep infection and unplanned reoperation in this cohort. Patients should be counseled about the high rate of unplanned reoperation and definitive soft tissue coverage should be accomplished within a week of injury whenever possible.     

肩关节镜技术临床应用的进展与思考

<正>由于肩关节损伤疾病的复杂性,肩关节外科相对于骨科其它亚专业的发展仍相对滞后。随着国外肩关节各种理念和技术的迅速发展,欧美等发达地区已形成了成熟的肩关节外科专业。可喜的是,近年来,国内肩关节诊治水平日益提高,发展迅猛,尤其掌握肩关节镜技术的医生大量增加,肩关节镜技术水平有了长足的进步,但在总体上来说,     

关节镜技术联合超前多模式镇痛治疗踝关节创伤性骨关节炎的疗效

目的探讨关节镜技术联合超前多模式镇痛治疗踝关节创伤性骨关节炎的疗效。方法选取2014年11月至2017年11月四川大学华西医院运动医学中心收治的86例踝关节创伤性骨关节炎患者为研究对象,根据住院号单双数将患者分为观察组(单数)和对照组(双数)各43例。对照组患者予以术后常规镇痛,观察组患者予以超前多模式镇痛。比较两组患者镇痛效果[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、踩关节功能[美国矫形足踝协会踝-后足评分(AOFAS)、踝关节评分(Kofoed评分标准)]以及舒适度、首次下地时间、住院时间、满意度等指标差异,观察手术前后炎症因子[白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、细胞间黏附分子-1 (ICAM-1)]和免疫功能(CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+)水平变化情况。结果观察组患者在术前24 h、术后6、12、24、36 h时间点的VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),术后2周AOFAS评分、Kofoed评分均高于对照组(P <0. 05),术后6个月两组AOFAS评分、Kofoed评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),舒适度、满意度均高于对照组,首次下地时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P <0. 05);两组患者术后24 h的血清IL-6、IL-10、hs-CRP、ICAM-1水平均较术前升高,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05),CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平则均较术前降低,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者手术前后及组间CD8^+水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论关节镜技术联合超前多模式镇痛对踝关节创伤性骨关节炎患者的镇痛和近期治疗效果均较好,且能减轻术后炎症反应对机体的损伤并提高免疫功能,有利于术后恢复,提高舒适和满意程度。     

The incidence of transient radicular irritation after spinal anesthesia in obstetric patients

Background and Objectives. Transient radicular irritation (TRI) has been described after spinal anesthesia, particularly with 5% hyperbaric spinal lidocaine. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of TRI in obstetric patients. Methods. All obstetric patients undergoing spinal anesthesia during a 9-month period were enrolled in the study (n = 303). Details of the anesthetic technique were recorded at the time of anesthesia. A blinded anesthesia nurse contacted each patient on post-operative day 2 and asked about symptoms of TRI. Results. Most patients received either intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% (n = 232) or lidocaine 5% (n = 67) through pencil-point needles. Cerebrospinal fluid was used to dilute the spinal lidocaine in 63% of patients. Patients receiving bupivacaine were more often in the supine position, underwent significantly longer procedures, and more often received intrathecal opioid. The incidence of TRI after lidocaine spinal anesthesia was 0% (95% confidence interval 0–4.5%). Conclusions. The incidence of TRI after spinal lidocaine anesthesia in the obstetric population is low.     

Long-term stability of 5-fluorouracil stored in PVC bags and in ambulatory pump reservoirs

Prolonged infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) have been used since the early 1960s, but recently there has been a major resurgence of interest, partly because of the advent of electronically controlled portable infusion pumps. Admixtures of new formulation 5FU were subjected to stability studies to establish the feasability of continuous infusions. In the first study, the stability of 5FU, 1 or 10 mg ml⁻¹, was determined in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) bags (0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection) at 4 and 21°C after storage for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 days. In the second study, the stability of undiluted 5FU was tested at different temperatures (4 or 33°C) in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or PVC ambulatory pump reservoirs after storage for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. For each condition, samples from each admixture were tested for drug concentration by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography. The admixtures were also monitored for precipitation, colour change and pH. Evaporative water loss from the containers was measured. The stability of 5FU in PVC bags was unaffected by 14 days of storage at either 4 or 21°C. When stored in EVA reservoirs, 5FU was stable for at least 2 weeks at 33°C and for 3 days at 4°C (a precipitate was observed after 3 days). In PVC reservoirs, 5FU was stable for over 14 days at 33°C, but at 4°C a precipitate appeared after 5 days. Loss of water through the reservoirs was substantial only at 33°C for 14 days, and gave falsely high readings.     

非骨水泥长柄假体结合同种异体颗粒骨植骨在股骨翻修骨缺损重建中的应用

目的 回顾性分析股骨髓内同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥长柄假体在髋关节翻修术中股骨侧骨缺损修复应用的近期临床效果.方法 2003年7月至2009年6月对27例股骨侧骨缺损患者采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨,其中男性15例,女性12例,年龄47～78岁,平均67岁.失败原因:骨溶解、无菌性松动20例,全髋关节置换术后假体周围感染二期翻修7例.按Paprosky分型标准,Ⅱ型骨缺损3例,Ⅲ型骨缺损2l例,Ⅳ型骨缺损3例.术中均采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨、非骨水泥翻修柄植入.定期随访复查,包括临床、影像学评估,观察假体有无松动、下沉,植入骨活化替代情况以及假体周围骨折等并发症.Harris评分术前平均43分(37～62分).结果 23例患者获得随访,随访时间3～47个月,平均26.4个月.术后末次随访时.Harris评分平均83分(67～97分).术中2例发生股骨大转子骨折,无一例发生术后假体周围骨折等并发症.1例术后发生关节脱位,1例发生深静脉血栓,1例术后2周发生急性感染,经扩创、置管冲洗、抗感染治疗成功保留假体;发生异位骨化1例,Brooker Ⅰ级.影像学所有患者股骨柄中置,无内翻或外翻,随访期内无一例发生股骨柄移位(内翻或外翻角度变化>3°).23例患者显示至少Ⅰ区股骨髓内移植骨与周围骨或与股骨柄整合.4例发生股骨柄假体下沉,平均下沉3.3 mm(2～6 mm).结论 股骨侧翻修中,良好的股骨髓内同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合合适的非骨水泥延长柄股骨假体,可以修复关节置换术后各种原因所导致股骨骨缺损、重建股骨完整性,具有很好的近期临床疗效.但中远期临床效果尚待进一步观察.     

股骨皮质骨开窗技术在髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨前外侧皮质骨开窗技术在髋关节翻修术中取出股骨远端稳定固定骨水泥的价值.方法 2005年5月至2009年6月,共14例(14髋)因各种原因致髋关节置换术后失败患者接受全髋关节翻修手术.其中男性10例,女性4例,年龄54～75岁,平均66岁.翻修原因为股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损5例、全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨溶解并松动6例、骨水泥柄股骨近端骨溶解柄断裂1例、髋臼骨溶解假体松动翻修同时行股骨柄翻修1例,感染后二期翻修时远端骨水泥取出困难1例.14例(14髋)股骨柄均为骨水泥同定.术中按术前计划开窗部位、开窗范围于股骨皮质骨开一长方形骨窗.通过骨窗直视下彻底清除髓腔内稳定固定的骨水泥,修整股骨髓腔.植入翻修柄后将皮质骨开窗骨瓣原位回植,双股钢丝捆绑固定.术后定期随访拍摄x线片.观察皮质骨开窗骨瓣与周围骨愈合情况、骨瓣有无移位、股骨柄有无下沉以及有无捆绑钢丝断裂等.结果 10例患者术后获得随访,平均随访时间24.6个月.股骨皮质骨开窗长度2.5～6.0 cm,平均3.4 cm,宽度0.8～1.4 cm,平均1.2 cm.股骨开窗远端以远部分发生纵形劈裂骨折1例.无术中皮质骨穿孔及股骨干骨折.向远段扩大开窗1例,扩大长度1.5 cm.开窗部位皮质骨骨瓣原位回植选择2～3道双股钢丝固定,平均2.3道.随访期间2例发牛假体柄下沉(平均2.5 mm),无皮质骨瓣移位以及捆绑钢丝断裂,术后3～5个月皮质骨瓣已于周围骨纤维愈合.随访期间无一例因各种原因致再次翻修.结论 股骨皮质骨开窗技术在髋关节翻修术中有助于直视下彻底取出股骨髓腔远端稳定固定的骨水泥,同时不会造成股骨骨丢失、不影响翻修柄植入后的稳定固定.     

经膝后正中小切口可吸收螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的:探讨经膝后正中小切口可吸收拉力螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法:对2007年1月至2011年12月应用可吸收螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的50例患者资料进行回顾性分析。其中男38例,女12例;年龄18~62岁,平均36.8岁;病程1~52周。术中采用膝关节后正中小切口,注意保护血管神经。术后通过物理检查、Lysholm及IKDC评分来评价手术疗效。结果:术中无断钉,术后无感染、窦道形成、骨折块移位等并发症发生,仅1例切口愈合延迟。随访6~42个月,平均30个月,终末随访时患者均获骨性愈合。2例因未及时复诊出现膝关节活动受限。50例术膝后抽屉试验及Lachman征为阴性或Ⅰ度阳性。术后Lysholm评分高于术前,术后优42例,良5例,中3例。术后IKDC评分高于术前,术后IKDC评分A级41例,B级9例。结论:可吸收螺钉是治疗膝关节后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折安全有效的方法,可使患者免除二次手术,而采取后正中后小切口创伤小,能够缩短手术时间和减少血管神经损伤。用可吸收拉力螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折需要严格掌握手术适应证。     

妊娠后股骨头缺血坏死的早期诊治

目的：探讨妊娠后股骨头缺血坏死的早期诊断及髓芯减压的疗效。方法：回顾总结我院2004年12月-2008年3月收治的妊娠后股骨头缺血坏死5例8个髋关节的早期诊断情况及行股骨头髓芯减压后的疗效及转归。所有病例入院时均行X线及MRI检查,按Steinberg分期法分期,并行患髋Harris评分。术后1、2、3个月、6个月门诊随访,以后每年门诊随访至少1次。每次行X线片检查和Harris评分,必要时行MRI检查。随访观察比较患髋Harris评分变化及影像学进展。术后评价：股骨头坏死发生进展或塌陷视为钻孔减压失败;疼痛缓解,股骨头未塌陷,MRI信号基本恢复视为有效或好转。结果：平均随访2．5年（648个月）,5例8个髋关节疼痛均消失,髋关节功能恢复,Harris评分平均由术前62分提高到95分;X线片显示手术前后患髋均无明显骨质异常,股骨头外形正常。6髋MRI示术前股骨头T2相及抑脂相高信号影、T1相低信号影,2髋T1、T2均低信号影。术后3个月抑脂相股骨头高信号影消失;6个月时股骨头内紊乱信号影模糊,1年时恢复均匀一致。结论：磁共振成像（MRI）可早期诊断妊娠后股骨头缺血坏死;髓芯减压治疗疗效满意,关节疼痛消失,功能恢复,X线片及MRI影像学基本恢复正常。     

在喉罩表面涂抹丁卡因胶浆下小儿平稳拔除喉罩时七氟烷的半数有效浓度

目的：定量测定50%小儿在喉罩表面涂抹丁卡因胶浆的情况下平稳拔除喉罩时呼气末七氟烷浓度。方法：25例择期行四肢及体表手术的患儿,高流量吸入七氟烷诱导并以七氟烷和氧化亚氮维持麻醉,不使用肌肉松弛剂及静脉麻醉药物,手术结束后停止吸入氧化亚氮,并维持设定的七氟烷浓度10min后拔除喉罩。根据Dixon序贯法确定喉罩拔除时的七氟烷浓度,每0.1 Vol%七氟烷为1个增减单位。患儿未出现咳嗽、牙关紧闭、体动、屏气及喉痉挛则认为拔除喉罩平稳。结果：50%小儿平稳拔除喉罩时呼气末七氟烷浓度（EC50）为1.22 Vol%（95%的可信区间分别为0.99 Vol%～1.49 Vol%）。结论：在喉罩表面涂抹丁卡因胶浆的情况下,3～8岁患儿喉罩满意拔除时呼气末七氟烷EC50值为1.22 Vol%。