术中微泵静脉注射右美托咪定对七氟烷全身麻醉小儿苏醒期躁动的影响

目的评价微泵静脉注射Dex 0.2μg/(kg·h)对七氟烷吸入全身麻醉下腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术小儿苏醒期躁动(EA)的影响。方法研究采用双盲、随机、对照方法。美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)Ⅰ级、择期全身麻醉下行腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术小儿60名,采用数字表法随机分为Dex组(D组)及生理盐水对照组(C组),每组30例。D组患儿气管插管后微泵静脉注射浓度为2μg/ml Dex 0.2μg/(kg·h),C组患儿微泵静脉注射生理盐水0.1ml/(kg·h)。术中吸入1%~2%七氟烷维持麻醉,保持BIS评分在40~60之间。缝合皮肤时,停用七氟烷及Dex,送至麻醉苏醒室(PACU)。以Wong-Baker疼痛脸谱评估患儿疼痛程度,以小儿苏醒期躁动量表(PAED)评估患儿EA程度,PAED≥10分表示EA。记录、比较两组患儿入室时(T0)、麻醉诱导完成后(T1)、手术开始5min(T2)、10min(T3)、术毕(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR);患儿苏醒时间,拔管时间、PACU留置时间;苏醒期明显疼痛(Wong-Baker疼痛评分≥6)患儿人数、比例及曲马多用量;EA发生人(次)数、比例及丙泊酚用量;PACU期间患儿呼吸抑制、恶心、呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果 T2、T3、T4时间点D组患儿HR明显慢于T0(P<0.05),也明显慢于C组患儿(P<0.05);C组、D组患儿T1时间点MAP均明显低于T0(P<0.05);D组患儿苏醒时间、拔管时间分别为8.9±2.1min、10.5±2.1min,明显长于C组(P<0.05),但PACU留置时间与C组相似(P>0.05);D组、C组患儿EA发生率分别为10%(3例)、53.3%(16例),C组EA发生率明显高于D组(P<0.05);明显疼痛人数两组发生率相似(P>0.05),两组各有1例(3.3%)患儿发生呼吸抑制不良反应,但均为一过性,通过吸氧、托下颌等措施及时纠正。两组患儿PACU期间未发生恶心呕吐。结论气管插管后以0.2μg/(kg·h)静脉注射Dex能有效降低七氟烷吸入全身麻醉腹腔镜下腹股沟斜疝手术小儿EA的发生率。     

蓝野脉动真空蒸汽灭菌器工作原理和常见故障

本文阐述了医院口腔科蒸汽灭菌器的使用规范和要求,蒸汽灭菌的热力原理。介绍了蓝野台式脉动真空蒸汽灭菌器(B型)的工作流程中发生在水路、汽路和电路上常见故障的分析与检修。     

内窥镜Chow法治疗腕管综合征

目的探讨内窥镜镜视下Chow法行钩刀或推刀切断腕横韧带,解除正中神经压迫的手术方法和疗效。方法2004年5月-2009年8月,对76例（85侧）腕管综合征患者采用Chow法在内窥镜镜视下行腕横韧带切开术。结果经2～18月随访,伤口均一期愈合,无血管神经损伤,无手掌部疼痛,无伤口感染,多数患者术后夜麻即消失,术后4周桡侧三个半指感觉恢复正常,麻木、疼痛症状明显缓解,10周左右拇对掌功能恢复。Kelly分级评定：优（症状完全消失）58侧,良（明显缓解）21侧,一般（症状轻度减轻）5侧,差（症状不变或加重）1侧,优良率92．94％。结论Chow法内窥镜镜视下切开腕横韧带治疗腕管综合征是安全有效的微创手术。     

吻合动静脉与只吻合动脉的Ⅲ型末节断指再植的对照研究

目的观察末节Ⅲ型断指再植中吻合动静脉与只吻合动脉的临床病例对照。方法2000年1月-2007年12月收治的174例213个Ⅲ型末节断指,根据吻合血管的不同分为A,B,C三组,A组104指吻合了指腹静脉,B组44指近端指腹静脉与远端动脉做动脉静脉化,C组65指未吻合静脉。比较再植成活率和术后血管危象发生情况。结果本组总成活率923％。重建静脉回流的148指成活144指,成活率97．3％;未重建静脉回流的65指成活53指,成活率81．5％。有统计学差异。结论重建静脉回流可有效提高Ⅲ型末节断指再植成活率、减少静脉危象的发生。     

The Removal of a Dislocated Femoral Interference Screw Through a Posteromedial Portal

The intra-articular migration of a femoral interference screw is a rare complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the knee. Only a few reports of cases have been published within the last few years and different approaches toward this complication have been described. We report the case of a 23-year-old female patient who was admitted with knee pain after undergoing an ACL reconstruction 4 years previously. After the clinical examination, a knee radiograph in 2 planes revealed a dislocated femoral interference screw lying in the popliteal fossa. During arthroscopy, the interference screw was retrieved through an additional posteromedial portal to avoid an arthrotomy. The causes for intra-articular screw migration are multiple and most cases were reported in the early postoperative period. The arthroscopic removal of a screw is recommended because of the lower morbidity.     

Concentrations of arsenic,cadmium and lead in human hair and typical foods in eleven Chinese cities

Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in 384 human hair samples and 445 purchased food samples from 11 cities in China. The mean concentrations of hair As, Cd and Pb were 0.23, 0.062 and 2.45 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The As, Cd and Pb concentrations in different foods were lower than the national maximum allowable contaminant levels. By comparison, males had higher hair As concentrations but lower Cd concentrations than females. When the interaction effects of gender and age were considered, males had the higher hair As, Cd and Pb concentrations in the 51–65 year-old age group. Residents of rural areas had higher hair As, Cd and Pb concentrations than people living in urban areas. Further analysis indicates that hair As, Cd and Pb concentrations and their changes with biological and environmental factors cannot be satisfactorily explained by the estimated intakes from purchased food.     

Quality of life after sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding

BackgroundWith the addition of laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to the bariatric surgery procedural toolkit, patients desiring a restrictive bariatric procedure often choose between adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and SG. One study compared quality of life after these 2 procedures and found no difference. The purpose of our study was to re-evaluate the postoperative quality of life in LAGB and SG patients at a military teaching hospital in the United States.MethodsA retrospective review of 108 consecutive laparoscopic restrictive bariatric procedures performed within 15 months at a Department of Defense hospital was conducted. Of these 108 patients, 69 had undergone laparoscopic vertical SG and 39 LAGB. A validated quality of life questionnaire (Bariatric Quality of Life) was conducted a mean of 9.3 ± 3.2 months (range 5–16) postoperatively. The weight loss and standard laboratory parameters were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsThe quality of life assessment revealed significantly better scores after SG than after LAGB (66.5 versus 57.9, P = .0002). The excess weight loss and excess body mass index loss at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were significantly greater in the laparoscopic SG group. The patients demonstrated a clear preference over time for SG once it was offered.ConclusionEarly postoperative quality of life was superior after SG than after LAGB. SG also resulted in superior early excess weight loss. In a practice not constrained by reimbursement, these findings were associated with increased patient choice of SG after it began to be offered.     

Prospective analysis of a first MTP total joint replacement. Evaluation by bone mineral densitometry,pedobarography, and visual analogue score for pain

BackgroundWe hypothesized that a total replacement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP-1) would alter the walking pattern with medialisation of the ground reaction force (GRF) of the foot and subsequently cause an increase in bone mineral density (BMD) in the medial metatarsal bones and a decline of BMD in the lateral metatarsal bones.MethodsTwelve patients receiving total joint replacements (Roto-Glide^®) of MTP-1 were enrolled in a prospective cohort. BMD and pedobarography of the heel bone and the metatarsal heads were performed preoperatively and at least 12 months postoperatively.ResultsBMD in the lateral metatarsals and GRF under the lateral column of the operated feet decreased significantly on the operated feet.ConclusionsTotal joint replacement of MTP-1 tends to reduce GRF under the lateral column of the foot causing a corresponding decline in BMD and pedobarographic measures. Our findings support the further use of the Roto-Glide^® prosthesis for osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.     

Animal models for glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis: An updated review

Glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis is a severe osteoporosis, with high risk of major osteoporotic fractures. This severe osteoporosis urges more extensive and deeper basic study, in which suitable animal models are indispensable. However, no relevant review is available introducing this model systematically. Based on the recent studies on GI-PMOP, this brief review introduces the GI-PMOP animal model in terms of its establishment, evaluation of bone mass and discuss its molecular mechanism. Rat, rabbit and sheep with their respective merits were chosen. Both direct and indirect evaluation of bone mass help to understand the bone metabolism under different intervention. The crucial signaling pathways, miRNAs, osteogenic- or adipogenic- related factors and estrogen level may be the predominant contributors to the development of glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis.