Wakayama Symposium: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARγ) and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Recently we have shown that mouse and human meibomian glands undergo specific age-related changes, including decreased acinar cell proliferation, acinar atrophy, and altered peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) localization from cytoplasmic-vesicular/nuclear in young mice and humans to nuclear in old mice and humans. Since PPARγ is a lipid-sensitive, nuclear receptor implicated in regulating adipocyte and sebocyte differentiation and lipogenesis, our findings suggest that PPARγ may be involved in modulating meibomian gland differentiation during aging. Based on these findings, we propose that aging of the meibomian gland results in downregulation of PPARγ, leading to decreased meibocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis, gland atrophy, and a hyposecretory meibomian gland dysfunction.     

Experience of Interstitial Permanent I125 Brachytherapy for Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas

AimsSoft tissue sarcomas are uncommon, but relatively aggressive tumours. Although surgical resection remains the primary therapeutic modality for all localised tumours, brachytherapy combined with function-preserving excision is a popular treatment for extremity soft tissue sarcomas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of interstitial permanent brachytherapy using I¹²⁵ seeds in patients undergoing the combined modality in the management of soft tissue sarcomas at our institution.Materials and methodsBetween January 2007 and January 2012, 110 adult patients aged 18–86 years (median = 44 years) with extremity soft tissue sarcomas and who underwent interstitial permanent brachytherapy as part of the local treatment were included in this study. Treatment included wide local excision of the tumour and brachytherapy using a permanent I¹²⁵ implantation. Complications were assessed in terms of wound complication and peripheral nerve damage.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 43.7 months, the local control, disease-free survival and overall survival for the entire cohort studied were 74, 54 and 77%, respectively. The actual rates of wound complications requiring reoperation and nerve damage were 4.5 and 1.8%, respectively.ConclusionsWe conclude that interstitial permanent brachytherapy with I¹²⁵ after function-preserving surgery results in a satisfactory outcome in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas and the complication rate is low.     

镀银气管导管对呼吸机相关性肺炎影响的荟萃分析

目的 评价镀银气管导管,对预防机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的效果.方法 电子检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMbase、ScienceDirect、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库等,各数据库检索时间均从创建到2011年8月；纳入镀银气管导管对预防机械通气患者VAP效果的随机对照试验(RCT);采用RevMan5软件进行荟萃分析,对于无法转换合并的数据,采用描述性分析.结果 共纳入3个RCT、2127例患者,文献异质性较小；荟萃分析结果表明,镀银气管导管可显著降低VAP的发生率[固定效应模型,OR=0.59,95 ％CI(0.41,0.84),P=0.005]、死亡率和负面事件等方面两组差异无统计学意义;住院时间、住ICU时间、气管插管时间、临床肺感染指数及呼吸道细菌浓度等指标,由于数据难以转换及难以获取完整数据等原因未能做荟萃分析,只进行描述性分析,显示两组在上述指标方面差异无统计学意义.结论 与标准非镀银气管导管相比,镀银气管导管能显著降低机械通气患者VAP的发生率,而对患者死亡率及负面事件发生率等指标无明显改善；需要进行更多设计严格的、多中心、大样本随机对照试验,对镀银气管导管的综合效果进行验证.     

中医治疗神经根型颈椎病临床研究进展

神经根型颈椎病是由于颈椎间盘侧后方突出,钩椎关节或关节突关节增生、肥大,颈椎椎管或椎间孔变形、狭窄,刺激或压迫神经根所致。近年来随着生活节奏的加快、劳动方式的改变、屈颈机会的增加,神经根型颈椎病的发病率逐年升高,并趋向于年轻化,严重影响人们的正常工作和生活,该文就中医治疗神经根型颈椎病临床研究进展综述如下。     

正交试验优选元宝草中总黄酮的提取工艺

目的优选元宝草中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法在单因素试验的基础上,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度等因素对元宝草中总黄酮提取率的影响,并采用L9(3)4正交试验优选最佳提取条件。结果影响元宝草中总黄酮提取率的因素顺序为乙醇浓度>料液比>提取次数>提取温度。元宝草最佳提取工艺条件为70%乙醇,提取温度60℃,乙醇用量20倍,提取次数3次。该条件下元宝草中总黄酮平均得率为2.38%。结论本实验设计合理、测定方法可行、实验结果可靠,为大批量从元宝草中提取总黄酮提供了理论依据。     

汉黄芩素与氟尿嘧啶联用抗人肝癌细胞Hep-G2作用的拮抗效应研究

目的 探讨汉黄芩素(wogonin)联合氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)对人肝癌细胞Hep-G2生长活性的影响。 方法 实验分汉黄芩素组、5-FU组、汉黄芩素+5-FU组和空白对照组,采用MTT法观察药物对肿瘤细胞体外生长活性的影响,采用流式细胞仪分析肿瘤细胞凋亡率的变化。 结果 MTT实验结果显示汉黄芩素(5、10、20、40 μmol/L)作用24、48 h后对肿瘤细胞具有一定的增殖抑制作用(P<0.05);5-FU(5、10、20、40 mg/L)作用24、48 h后对肿瘤细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05);与单用组对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用相比,汉黄芩素联合5-FU组的抗肿瘤作用呈相互拮抗作用(P<0.05);汉黄芩素联合5-FU给药48 h后,联合指数CI值呈现剂量依赖性,CI值随汉黄芩素浓度的加大而增大,说明随汉黄芩素浓度的加大,其拮抗5-FU抗肿瘤效应的作用也越来越明显(P<0.05)。 结论 汉黄芩素具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,但可拮抗5-FU的抗肿瘤作用,具体机制有待进一步研究。     

气质联用法分析野西瓜果实的化学成分

目的 采用气质联用法(GC-MS)对刺山柑(Capparis spinosa)果实的化学成分进行分析。 方法 野西瓜药材经粉碎破壳、70%乙醇回流提取、石油醚(沸程60~90 ℃)萃取后,采用VF-5ms石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm)进行气相色谱分析;柱温从80 ℃开始,保持2 min,以15 ℃/min的速度升到300 ℃,并保持10 min,气化温度为250 ℃;载气为高纯度氦气,流量为1.0 ml/min;质谱检测器为EI离子源,电子能量70 eV,离子源温度200 ℃,分流比30:1,进样量为1.0 μl。各成分的相对含量分析应用色谱峰面积归一法。 结果 共检测出53个峰,确认出其中48种成分,含量较高的物质有棕榈酸21.82%,硬脂酸7.49%,油酸42.93%,甘油单油酸酯2.39%,维生素E 1.67%等。化合物的类型主要为饱和脂肪酸酯、不饱和脂肪酸和烃类化合物。 结论 通过气质联用技术,为鉴定野西瓜果实中的化学成分建立起了一种快速、准确、灵敏的分析方法。     

Effectiveness and safety of Yufeng Ningxin for the treatment of essential hypertension: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Essential hypertension is the primary cause of death and disability and it has become a major public health problem globally. Yufeng Ningxin (YFNX) is a commonly used Chinese patent medicine in treating essential hypertension. The objective of this protocol is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of YFNX for the treatment of essential hypertension.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in relation to the effectiveness and safety of YFNX in the treatment of essential hypertension will be systematically searched and collected from the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database from the database inception to January 1, 2021. The data screening and extraction will be carried out by 2 different reviewers. The quality of randomized controlled trials will be assessed based on the version 2 of the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) in the Cochrane Handbook. The reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) will be served as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes will include average SBP and average DBP during the day and the night measured by 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, the clinical effectiveness rate, scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, clinical symptoms, the quality of life and adverse events. Statistical analysis will be conducted with Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 software.Conclusion:This systematic review will provide strong evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of YFNX in the treatment of essential hypertension.Trial registration number:INPLASY202110059.     

Effects of aerobic exercise,traditional Chinese exercises,and meditation on depressive symptoms of college student: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background:Non-pharmacological intervention methods such as rehabilitation training or psychological treatment are mostly used in the treatment of depression owing to the limitation of adverse reactions such as drug treatment. However, the best non-pharmacological treatment strategy for depression in college students is unclear. Therefore, it is significant to discover non-drug intervention methods that can improve the depression symptoms of college students.Method:Electronic databases as of Sep 15, 2019, were searched, and reference lists and pharmaceutical dossiers were reviewed to detect published and unpublished studies from the date of their inception to Sep 15, 2019. With document quality evaluations and data extraction, Meta-Analysis was performed using a random effect model to evaluate the intervention effect of the aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, and meditation.Results:A total of 44 original studies were included. The random effect model was used to combine the effect values with Standard Mean Difference (SMD), and the results were: aerobic exercise [SMD = –0.53, 95% CI (–0.77, –0.30), I² = 80%, P < .001], traditional Chinese exercises [SMD = –0.42, 95% CI (–0.74, –0.10), I² = 90%, P = .01], meditation [SMD = –0.51, 95% CI (–0.90, –0.12), I² = 79%, P = .01]. There was greater heterogeneity among the included studies: aerobic exercise (I² = 80%, P < .001), traditional Chinese medicine methods (I² = 90%, P < .001), and meditation (I² = 79%, P < .001).Conclusions:This study revealed that the depression symptoms of college students can be effectively improved by aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, and meditation. Aerobic exercise would have a better effect on anxiety and stress while traditional Chinese exercise would have a better effect on stress. Further research (such as high-quality randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up) is required to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercise, and meditation on the depressive symptoms of college students to further apply complementary and alternative therapies.Ethics and dissemination:The results of the effects of aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, and meditation on depressive symptoms for a college student will be reported in a peer-reviewed publication. Hopefully, our findings from this meta-analysis can provide the most up-to-date evidence for the contribution to preventing the occurrence of depressive symptoms in college students.     

原位杂交技术在液基细胞学诊断宫颈病变中的应用价值

目的:探讨16/18型人乳头瘤病毒DNA原位杂交技术在液基薄层细胞学(LCT)诊断非典型鳞状细胞宫颈疾病中的应用价值。方法:选取2013年6月~2014年7月该院妇科门诊患者7 360例,对所有患者进行LCT检测,对细胞学结果意义不明确(ASC-US)及以上者行液基细胞16/18型HPV-DNA原位杂交检测,同时进行阴道镜活检。以组织病理学结果为金标准,比较LCT检测与16/18型HPV-DNA原位杂交技术单独及联合应用在宫颈病变中的诊断价值。结果:LCT检测结果ASC-US及以上患者536例(7.3%);536例宫颈活检组织病理学结果阴性(NILM)145例(27.1%)、低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)312例(58.2%)、高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)67例(12.5%)、鳞癌+腺癌12例(2.2%),其原位杂交阳性率分别为8.9%、51.0%、88.1%、91.7%;LCT、原位杂交单独及两者联合对HSIL筛查的敏感性分别为60.8%、88.6%、97.5%;特异性分别为97.8%、62.4%、61.7%,阴性预测值分别为93.5%、96.9%、99.3%。结论:LCT、16/18型HPV-DNA液基原位杂交技术均是有效的宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌筛查方法,两者联合应用可实现一次取材两项检测的目的,并可提高筛查的敏感性和阴性预测值。