后路椎体间融合术治疗腰椎节段性不稳定

目的：探讨后路椎体间融合术(PLIF手术)治疗腰椎节段性不稳定的临床疗效，比较不同种类的椎间融合技术。方法：本组采用3种PLIF手术治疗腰椎节段性不稳定患者72例，共82个节段。其中椎体滑脱28例，间盘突出合并节段性不稳定19例，不稳定型椎管狭窄25例。3种椎间融合技术包括：单纯植骨、双侧椎问支撑器、单侧斜行椎间支撑器，术中均采用椎弓根固定系统辅助，后2种方法中在安放内置物的同时，均辅以椎间自体骨屑植骨。结果：术后随访6个月～5年8个月，平均3年6个月。4～6个月后均达骨性愈合，无固定螺钉松动、断裂及再滑脱现象。患者的腰痛、下肢疼痛症状均有明显缓解，绝大多数病人恢复原正常的工作和生活。VAS疼痛分值术前平均为7.4分，术后下降至3.1分。功能评定结果：优41例，良24例，可7例，差0例，优良率为90．28％。结论：PLIF手术是治疗腰椎不稳症的一种可靠手段，只要把握手术适应证，可以取得满意的结果。     

Objective assessment of plaster cast quality in pediatric distal forearm fractures: Is there an optimal index?

BackgroundSeveral so-called casting indices are available for objective evaluation of plaster cast quality. The present study sought to investigate four of these indices (gap index, padding index, Canterbury index, and three-point index) as compared to a reference standard (cast index) for evaluation of plaster cast quality after closed reduction of pediatric displaced distal forearm fractures.MethodsForty-three radiographs from patients with displaced distal forearm fractures requiring manipulation were reviewed. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false-positive probability, false-negative probability, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were calculated for each of the tested indices.ResultsComparison among indices revealed diagnostic agreement in only 4.7% of cases. The strongest correlation with the cast index was found for the gap index, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.94. The gap index also displayed the best agreement with the cast index, with both indices yielding the same result in 79.1% of assessments.ConclusionWhen seeking to assess plaster cast quality, the cast index and gap index should be calculated; if both indices agree, a decision on quality can be made. If the cast and gap indices disagree, the padding index can be calculated as a tiebreaker, and the decision based on the most frequent of the three results. Calculation of the three-point index and Canterbury index appears unnecessary.     

Percutaneous Nucleoplasty Using Coblation Technique for the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: 5-year Follow-up Results

Background:This study evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous nucleoplasty using coblation technique for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP),after 5 years of follow-up.Methods:From ...     

急性脊髓损伤后手术减压时限的临床研究

目的探讨急性脊髓损伤后在不同时间点行手术减压对患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法回顾2005年1月~2009年12月收治的胸椎骨折合并脊髓不完全损伤的89例,按照手术减压时限分为3组:A组,伤后24 h内手术减压(25例);B组,伤后1～3 d内手术减压(47例);C组,伤后3～7 d内手术减压(17例)。根据ASIA残损分级比较术前和术后1年的神经功能情况,比较3组的神经功能恢复情况,分析不同的减压时间疗效有无统计学差异。结果治疗前3组的ASIA残损分级,差异无统计学意义。治疗后3组ASIA残损分级较治疗前提高,A组高于B组和C组(P<0.05),B组高于C组(P<0.05)。结论脊髓不完全损伤后手术减压可以改善神经功能,且手术越早,神经功能恢复越好。     

A new model for the study of neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury

The study was to introduce a new and reliable behavioral model of upper trunk of brachial plexus avulsion for the study of persistent neuropathic pain. 60 rats were divided into three groups randomly: upper trunk of brachial plexus avulsion (UTBPA) group (20), global brachial plexus avulsion (GBPA) group (20), and sham- operated group (20). The animals were tested for behavioral responsiveness before surgeries and 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, 84 days after surgeries. The injured level of spinal cord was resected and the sections were processed for GFAP (astrocyte) and Iba1 (microglia) immunohistochemistry 3 weeks after surgeries. The UTBPA group developed significant signs both of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, which matched the immunohistochemistry result, as well as the nature of avulsion was close to the clinical type of injury, the UTBPA group could be used as a suitable and effective persistent neuropathic pain model following brachial plexus injury.     

Disparities in access to trauma care in the United States: A population-based analysis

BackgroundInjury is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in the United States. Accordingly, expanding access to trauma care is a Healthy People priority. The extent to which disparities in access to trauma care exist in the US is unknown. Our objective was to describe geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic disparities in access to trauma care in the United States.MethodsCross-sectional study of the US population in 2010 using small units of geographic analysis and validated estimates of population access to a Level I or II trauma center within 60 minutes via ambulance or helicopter. We examined the association between geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors and trauma center access, with subgroup analyses of urban-rural disparities.ResultsOf the 309 million people in the US in 2010, 29.7 million lacked access to trauma care. Across the country, areas with higher income were significantly more likely to have access (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12–1.50), as were major cities (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.25–3.62) and suburbs (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.57). Areas with higher rates of uninsured (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.07–0.11) and Medicaid or Medicare eligible patients (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.59–0.82) were less likely to have access. Areas with higher proportions of blacks and non-whites were more likely to have access (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19–1.58), as were areas with higher proportions of Hispanics and foreign-born persons (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.13–2.01). Overall, rurality was associated with significantly lower access to trauma care (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.18–0.23).ConclusionWhile the majority of the United States has access to trauma care within an hour, almost 30 million US residents do not. Significant disparities in access were evident for vulnerable populations defined by insurance status, income, and rurality.     

Plasma mitochondrial DNA levels were independently associated with lung injury in elderly hip fracture patients

IntroductionHip fracture in the elderly can induce systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) and lung injury which increases the risk of lung infection and death. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a role in SIRS and lung injury in patients with multi-trauma, and also in patients with hip fractures. This study evaluated the potential value of plasma mtDNA in the early prognosis of lung injury in elderly fracture patients.MethodsThis study enrolled 156 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture. Plasma mtDNA, IL-6, IL-10, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured at admission. Sixty-one and 31 patients were diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and lung injury, respectively.ResultsPlasma mtDNA levels were higher in hip fracture patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001) and significantly higher in the lung injury subgroup compared to the lung injury absent subgroup (P < 0.001). MtDNA levels were correlated with the SIRS score (r = 0.446, P < 0.001), IL-6 (r = 0.506, P < 0.001), IL-10 (r = 0.523, P < 0.001), and PGE2 (r = 0.360, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma mtDNA, IL-6, PGE2 and SIRS score were independent predictors of the risk of lung injury.ConclusionPlasma mtDNA release induced by hip fracture in elderly patients, might be an early predictor of lung injury in these patients.     

Mortality prediction models in the general trauma population: A systematic review

BackgroundTrauma is the leading cause of death in individuals younger than 40 years. There are many different models for predicting patient outcome following trauma. To our knowledge, no comprehensive review has been performed on prognostic models for the general trauma population. Therefore, this review aimed to describe (1) existing mortality prediction models for the general trauma population, (2) the methodological quality and (3) which variables are most relevant for the model prediction of mortality in the general trauma population.MethodsAn online search was conducted in June 2015 using Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cinahl, Cochrane, Google Scholar and PubMed. Relevant English peer-reviewed articles that developed, validated or updated mortality prediction models in a general trauma population were included.ResultsA total of 90 articles were included. The cohort sizes ranged from 100 to 1,115,389 patients, with overall mortality rates that ranged from 0.6% to 35%. The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) was the most commonly used model. A total of 258 models were described in the articles, of which only 103 models (40%) were externally validated. Cases with missing values were often excluded and discrimination of the different prediction models ranged widely (AUROC between 0.59 and 0.98). The predictors were often included as dichotomized or categorical variables, while continuous variables showed better performance.ConclusionResearchers are still searching for a better mortality prediction model in the general trauma population. Models should 1) be developed and/or validated using an adequate sample size with sufficient events per predictor variable, 2) use multiple imputation models to address missing values, 3) use the continuous variant of the predictor if available and 4) incorporate all different types of readily available predictors (i.e., physiological variables, anatomical variables, injury cause/mechanism, and demographic variables). Furthermore, while mortality rates are decreasing, it is important to develop models that predict physical, cognitive status, or quality of life to measure quality of care.     

下胫腓联合损伤螺钉内固定治疗新进展

下胫腓联合对维持踝关节的稳定性、对重量的传导和行走都很重要。治疗不当易造成踝关节慢性不稳定、长期疼痛和创伤性关节炎。下胫腓联合损伤治疗方法较多,目前临床上应用最多的是用AO皮质骨螺钉行胫腓横向固定,但是对于如何运用螺钉横向固定下胫腓联合仍有争议。本文综述了下胫腓螺钉固定的技术现状,为临床应用提供实践指导。     

急性前交叉韧带损伤合并内侧副韧带损伤治疗后的康复训练

目的比较急性前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤合并内侧副韧带（MCL）损伤治疗后激进康复训练与保守康复训练的康复效果。方法北京军区总医院2006年11月～2010年10月急性ACL损伤合并MCL损伤患者32例,采取关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术和内侧副韧带保守治疗,术后行康复治疗,随机分为激进训练组（16例）和保守训练组（16例）,分别用保守和激进康复训练法进行术后康复,术后1年检测膝关节肌力、稳定性、活动度及Lysholm功能评分,评价其疗效。结果与保守训练组比较,激进训练组术后早期肿胀明显、渗液较多。激进训练组15例和保守训练组8例需要关节穿刺抽液,激进训练组关节穿刺抽液量平均为（49.87±18.96）mL;保守训练组关节穿刺抽液量平均为（18.13±5.72）mL,两组关节穿刺抽液量间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。1年后随访,两训练组患者都有患肢的肌肉萎缩,程度不同,激进训练组程度轻,激进训练组大腿围度差平均为（1.41±0.61）cm,保守训练组大腿围度差平均为（3.28±0.79）cm,两组肌肉萎缩程度之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。激进训练组和保守训练组膝关节稳定性体格检查均阴性。两组膝关节活动度及Lysholm功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。恢复正常运动训练所需时间激进训练组8个月,保守训练组1年。结论与保守训练组相比,激进训练组能更早恢复膝关节功能,明显缩短康复时间,获得更好的肌力,增加了患者的治疗依存性,促进医患关系和谐。