Factors associated with outcome of spinopelvic dissociation treated with lumbopelvic fixation

Spinopelvic dissociation is a rare high-energy injury, which is frequently associated with lumbosacral plexus and cauda equina deficits. During an 18-year period, 36 consecutive patients with a H-type sacral fracture and spinopelvic dissociation were treated using lumbopelvic fixation with a minimum follow-up of 18 months. We evaluated factors prognostic of outcome after standardised surgical fixation and neural decompression. Neurological recovery was assessed by Gibbons’ criteria. Pelvis Outcome Scale (POS clinical score) was used to evaluate the clinical outcome. Despite excellent or good radiological results in the vertical components of the sacral fractures having been achieved in all patients, 15 patients (42%) had a poor clinical outcome. The degree of initial translational displacement in the transverse sacral fracture was significantly associated with neurological recovery (as defined by a change in Gibbons score) (p = 0.038) and final POS clinical score (p < 0.001). Both neurological recovery and clinical outcome were worse in patients with completely displaced fractures than in patients with a partially displaced sacral fracture. The degree of residual translational displacement and kyphosis in the transverse sacral fracture were also associated with clinical outcome (POS clinical score) (p = 0.011 and p = 0,018, respectively). However, Roy-Camille classification (type 2 vs. type 3), age, gender, ISS, timing of surgery, and sacral laminectomy did not have a statistically significant association with the outcome. Based on the results, Roy-Camille sacral fracture classification (type 2 vs. type 3) was not prognostic of neurological impairment. Thus further categorisation of the transverse sacral fractures as partially displaced or completely displaced could be used to predict the rate of neurological recovery following lumbopelvic fixation. Accurate reduction of all sacral fracture components seems to be associated with better clinical outcome.     

局麻关节镜下Fast-fix缝合半月板损伤的临床疗效

目的:探讨局麻关节镜下Fast-fix缝合半月板损伤的临床疗效.方法:选取2005年10月至2012年9月收治的半月板损伤患者106例,其中男74例,女32例;年龄13～71岁,平均27.6岁;病程15 d～5年.临床主要表现为膝关节活动后疼痛、肿胀、绞锁,关节间隙压痛,McMurray征阳性,MRI示半月板撕裂或退变.均采用局麻关节镜下Fast-fix半月板缝合术,术前术后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及膝关节Lysholm评分进行疗效评价.术后随访1年以上.结果:术后随访102例,失访4例,随访时间1.1～8年,平均2.6年.随访采用门诊检查主观症状、临床查体及问卷方式进行.102例均无麻醉并发症,96例主观症状及临床查体正常,4例有活动后轻度胀痛,2例活动后中度疼痛伴关节间隙压痛.术后患者VAS及Lysholm评分均较术前改善.结论:关节镜下Fast-fix半月板缝合术是修复半月板损伤的理想方法,尤其是内侧半月板后角撕裂,手术操作方便,并发症少,术后效果满意.     

胸腰椎转移瘤的外科治疗策略和效果分析

目的：探讨胸腰椎转移瘤的外科治疗策略和效果。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月到2010年12月收治的行外科手术干预治疗并获得随访的胸腰椎转移瘤患者共42例。男30例,女12例;平均年龄56.8岁（28～76岁）;胸椎转移瘤25例,腰椎转移瘤17例;单节段34例,双节段6例,3节段2 例。2例无症状,40例有腰背部或下肢疼痛。18例脊髓功能受损,其中ASIA分级 A级5例,B级3例,C级4例,D级6例。Tomita评分2～7分,术前根据Tomita评分制定手术目标,根据Tomita外科分期制定具体手术方案,分别行全椎体切除,肿瘤彻底刮除及姑息性椎管减压稳定手术。术后1周、3个月、6个月、1年及2年对患者疼痛、脊髓功能、肿瘤局部控制、生存、内置物情况进行评估。结果：42例术中死亡1例。术后1周38例疼痛缓解,5例完全性瘫痪中2例神经功能恢复至E级,2例恢复至D级,1例未恢复,13例不全瘫痪者均有1级以上恢复。随访24～48个月,内固定物失效1例,5例局部肿瘤复发或失去控制。术后3个月、6个月、1年及2年存活率分别为95.2%、85.7%、58.2%和37.6%.结论：对于脊柱转移瘤患者,通过Tomita评分和外科分型选择合适手术方式,可缓解疼痛,改善神经功能,增加脊柱稳定性,控制局部病灶,提高患者生存质量。     

Study and evaluation of mechanisms of dual targeting drug delivery system with tumor microenvironment assays compared with normal assays

A dual targeting delivery system was developed to completely conquer the two barriers that glioma treatment faces: the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the brain–glioma barrier. Recently, a system comprising AS1411 aptamer (for glioma targeting) and TGN peptide (for BBB targeting) modified nanoparticles (AsTNPs) was developed, which can effectively target brain glioma and improve the survival of glioma-bearing mice. However, the in vitro models currently used are far too different from the in vivo tumor microenvironment that the glioma targeting delivery system actually faces. In this study, the pharmacology mechanisms of AsTNPs were explored in several models that imitated the tumor microenvironment. AsTNPs can be selectively taken up by endothelial and glioma cells, effectively penetrating the BBB and brain–glioma barriers to reach glioma cells and display their anti-glioma effect. The cell monolayers, tumor spheroids and coculture systems were more suitable in vitro models for the pharmacology evaluation of targeted drug delivery systems.     

Hydroxyapatite modified titanium promotes superior adhesion and proliferation of corneal fibroblast in comparison with pure titanium

To determine whether hydroxyapatite modified titanium promotes superior adhesion and proliferation of rabbit corneal fibroblast in comparison with pure titanium. · METHODS: We used bioactive hydroxyapatite to modify titanium surfaces. Fourth passage fibroblasts of rabbit cornea were seeded on hydroxyapatite modified titanium surfaces, pure titanium and glass surfaces. Cell adhesion, proliferation and morphology were detected at 24, 48, and 72 hours using a acridine orange stain. Further studies of cell morphology were performed using scanning electron microscopy. · RESULTS: Cell counts were significantly greater on hydroxyapatite modified titanium surfaces at each time point (P＜0.05). At 24 hours, cell spreading was greater on hydroxyapatite-coated titanium and glass than on the pure titanium. At 72 hours, compared with pure titanium and glass surfaces, the cells on hydroxyapatite modified titanium surfaces had greater spreading area and longer stress fibers. · CONCLUSION: Hydroxyapatite modified titanium promotes superior adhesion and proliferation of rabbit corneal fibroblast in comparison with pure titanium.     

Beagle sciatic nerve regeneration across a 30 mm defect bridged by chitosan/PGA artificial nerve grafts

Longitudinally oriented microstructures are essential for a nerve scaffold to promote the significant regeneration of injured peripheral axons across nerve gaps. In the current study, we present a novel nerve-guiding collagen-chitosan (CCH) scaffold that facilitated the repair of 30 mm-long sciatic nerve defects in beagles. The CCH scaffolds were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Eighteen beagles were equally divided into CCH group, autograft group and non-graft group. The posture and gait of each dog was recorded at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. Electrophysiological tests, Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing test, Histological assessment of gastrocnemius and immunofluorescent staining of nerve regeneration were performed. Our investigation of regenerated sciatic nerves indicated that a CCH scaffold strongly supported directed axon regeneration in a manner similar to that achieved by autologous nerve transplantation. In vivo animal experiments showed that the CCH scaffold achieved nerve regeneration and functional recovery equivalent to that achieved by an autograft but without requiring the exogenous delivery of regenerative agents or cell transplantation. We conclude that CCH nerve guides show great promise as a method for repairing peripheral nerve defects.     

Clinical research in fragility fractures

The Fragility Fracture Network is coordinating international initiatives to promote collaborative research, multidisciplinary care, and the secondary prevention of fragility fractures. This review discusses the use of national audit processes and the collection of common outcomes to facilitate research, as well as the key role played by patient and public involvement, and strategies to overcome research barriers.     

退行性脊柱侧凸腰椎神经根受压的影像学特点

目的：分析退行性脊柱侧凸腰椎神经根压迫的特点及其与侧凸形式的关系。方法：收集2000—05／2004—05于解放军总医院骨科连续治疗的退行性脊柱侧凸患者51例，所有患者进行详细的神经系统检查和系统回顾，确定患者腰椎退行性侧凸的形式及临床检查有症状的神经根的分布，同时进行X射线平片、MRI检查和椎管造影，进一步确定神经根受压位置。采用CHl-SQUARE test统计检验对受压神经根的分布特点与受压迫的部位及侧凸形式的关系进行系统分析，并分析受压神经根与骶正中平分线的关系。结果：51例全部进入结果分析。①31％（16／51）的患者存在L3神经根性症状，57％（29／51）存在L4神经根性症状，61％（31／51）存在L5神经根性症状，24％（12／51）存在S1神经根性症状。②在退行性脊柱侧凸患者中，L3或L4神经根症状多来自于椎间孔狭窄或椎间孔以外的狭窄；而L5或S1神经根症状多是由于侧隐窝狭窄造成的（P=0．0011）。③在退行性脊柱侧凸患者中，存在神经根症状的L3或L4神经根多是在腰椎侧凸的凹侧受压迫，而L5或S1神经根则更多的在腰椎侧凸的凸侧受影响（P=0．0012）。④无论源于椎间孔狭窄，还是源于侧隐窝狭窄的症状神经根侧大多临近骶正中平分线。结论：退行性脊柱侧凸患者中神经根影像学受压位置不仅出现在侧凸的凹侧，而且还出现在侧凸的凸侧，出现的概率相近。其分布接近于骶正中平分线，可能与退行性脊柱侧凸后腰椎的非正常的应力有关系。     

无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者总义齿修复前后咬合垂直距离改变与髁状突在关节凹内位置的关系

目的:观察咬合垂直距离改变对无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者两侧颞颌关节髁状突位置的影响。方法:于1994-01/1997-12选择本院口腔修复门诊收治的无牙颌患者中符合颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断标准,同时垂直距离减低的患者48例。实验方案经医院伦理委员会审批,患者均知情同意。将48例无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者根据垂直距离减低程度的不同分为3组:减低1.8～6.0mm组18例,减低6.1～10.0mm组20例,减低10.1￣14.0mm组10例。通过重新制作一副全口义齿的方法治疗,咬合垂直距离恢复在合适的范围内,3组全口义齿的咬合垂直距离恢复前分别平均为63.4,60.6,54.2mm,恢复后咬合垂直距离分别平均为67.8,68.4,66.4mm,平均抬高4.4,7.8,12.2mm。通过拍摄正中颌位时颞下颌关节薛氏位X射线片测量各组前、后、上关节间隙。结果:垂直距离恢复前,减低1.8～6.0mm组关节后间隙,减低6.1～10.0mm组关节前、后间隙、减低10.1￣14.0mm组关节上、后间隙左右侧相比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。垂直距离恢复后,3组关节间隙左右侧差异无显著性意义。结论:无牙颌咬合垂直距离减低后可以导致两侧髁状突位置发生不对称改变。     

关节镜下微创技术治疗股骨头颈部骨囊肿

目的探讨微创技术治疗股骨头颈部骨囊肿的方法和疗效。方法2005年8月-2008年4;1收治股骨头颈部骨囊肿9例,其中男6例,女3例,平均年龄43岁。经股骨大粗隆向囊肿中心打入导针,沿导针用环钻钻至囊肿腔内,在关节镜监视下刮除囊肿组织,植入可注射硫酸钙,骨块填塞骨道口。结果术后随访8例,失访1例,平均随访时间26．7个月（6—40个月）。影像学显示植入的硫酸钙及骨块与囊肿周围愈合,无复发病例。Harris评分由术前的69分提高至术后的92分。结论关节镜下手术能彻底刮除骨囊肿内壁的纤维结缔组织,利于植入物的愈合,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,疗效满意。