结核病和结核病/艾滋病病毒双重感染的负担与挑战:尼日利亚的案例研究

目的: 了解尼日利亚结核病与结核病/艾滋病病毒(TB/HIV)双重感染的负担和结核病综合防治措施的落实情况,以确定尼日利亚结核病防控所面临的挑战,为尼日利亚消除结核病提供参考依据。方法: 利用2010—2020年世界卫生组织的全球结核病报告数据描述尼日利亚的结核病与TB/HIV双重感染负担趋势。结果: 尼日利亚是结核病与TB/HIV双重感染高负担国家,HIV感染者结核病发病率从2010年的54/10万下降至2020年的17/10万;2020年结核病确诊患者数为13.5万例,估计发病例数为45.2万,结核病治疗覆盖率仅为30%;TB/HIV双重感染患者抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率从2010年的6.9%增加至2020年的26.0%;结核病成功治疗率从2010年的81%提高至2019年的88%,TB/HIV双重感染患者成功治疗率从2012年的78.9%提高至2019年的81.1%;尼日利亚结核病资金总量增加,TB/HIV项目资金变化小,从2010年的450万美元增长至2020年的540万美元。结论: 尼日利亚与2020年“终止结核病战略”的目标有很大的差距。尼日利亚要减轻并消除结核病和TB/HIV双重感染负担,必须优先考虑落实结核病综合防治措施,增加必要的结核病防治资源和经费,提高结核病诊断能力。     

Construction and identification of recombinant vectors carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and cytokine genes expressed in gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901

AIM: To construct and identify the recombinant vectors carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) genes expressed in gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901. METHODS: The fragments of HSV-TK, internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) and TNF-α or IL-2 genes were inserted in a TK-IRES-TNF-α or TK-IRES-IL-2 order into pEGFP-N3 and pLXSN to generate the therapeutic vectors pEGFP-TT,pEGFP-TI, pL(TT)SN and pL(TI)SN respectively, which were structurally confirmed by the digestion analysis of restriction endonuclease. The former two plasmids were used for the transient expression of recombinant proteins in the target cells while pL(TT)SN and pL(TI)SN were transfected into SGC7901 cells by lipofectamine for the stable expression of objective genes through G418 selection. The protein products expressed transiently and stably in SGC7901 cells by the constructed vectors were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy and Western blot respectively. RESULTS: The inserted fragme.nts in all constructed plasmids were structurally confirmed to be consistent with that of the published data. In the transient expression, both pEGFP-TT and pEGFP-TI were shown expressed in nearly 50% of the transfected SGC7901 cells. Similarly, the G418 selected vectors PL(TT)SN and PL(TI)SN were confirmed to be successful in the stable expression of the objective proteins in the target cells. CONCLUSION: The constructed recombinant vectors in the present study that can express the suicide gene TK in combination with cytokines genes may serve as the potential tools to perform more effective investigations in future for the gene therapy of gastric carcinoma.     

Lip morphology estimation models based on three-dimensional images in a modern adult population from China

International Journal of Legal Medicine - Lips are the main part of the lower facial soft tissue and are vital to forensic facial approximation (FFA). Facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) and linear...     

Forensic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese Han population from Chongqing Municipality,Southwest China

Chongqing Han is an important southern Han group, but investigations on its paternal genetic structure are still limited. Here, we analyzed the forensic and phylogenetic characteristics of the Chongqing Han population based on 27 Y-STR and predicted Y-SNP markers. Based on AMOVA, haplogroup distribution and network analysis, we explored the genetic relationship between Chongqing Han, other Chinese groups and some southern indigenous groups (speaking Kra-Dai, Austronesian, etc).     

Palladium nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for C–S bond formation reactions

The development of green, economical and sustainable chemical processes is one of the primary challenges in organic synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient and heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed sulfonylation of vinyl cyclic carbonates with sodium sulfinates via decarboxylative cross-coupling. Both aliphatic and aromatic sulfinate salts react with various vinyl cyclic carbonates to deliver the desired allylic sulfones featuring tri- and even tetrasubstituted olefin scaffolds in high yields with excellent selectivity. The process needs only 2 mol% of Pd₂(dba)₃ and the in situ formed palladium nano-particles are found to be the active catalyst.

Heterogenous catalysis: economical and sustainable synthesis of allylic sulfone featuring tri- and even tetrasubstituted olefin scaffold via decarboxylative cross-coupling from vinyl cyclic carbonates with sodium sulfinates using PdNPs as a catalyst.     

人工智能时代的正颌外科发展

简要回顾人工智能（AI）技术的概念及其在不同时代发展历程,概述AI在医疗领域的应用,回顾综述AI在正颌外科发展的研究进展、存在的问题及可能的发展方向,指出AI在正颌外科的发展充满机遇与挑战并存。     

基于表面肌电图的人体运动意图识别研究进展

分析基于表面肌电图人体运动意图识别的研究方法和识别效果。     

民航飞行人员同型半胱氨酸与高血压病的关系及其与血脂的相关性

目的 分析同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）与原发性高血压（高血压病）的关系及其Hcy与血脂的相关性。 方法 28例健康体检者为对照组，38例高血压病患者为高血压病组，高血压病组又分为调脂组20例和未调脂组18例。分别测定各组受试对象血浆Hcy及血脂指标。 结果 与对照组比较，高血压组Hcy水平显著升高（P<0.01）；与未调脂组比较，调脂组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)显著降低（P <0.01），但Hcy水平下降不显著；Pearson相关性分析显示:调脂组Hcy与三项血脂指标TC、LDL-C、ApoB均无相关性。 结论 高Hcy血症（HHcy）是民航飞行员高血压患者的危险因素；Hcy与TC、LDL-C水平无相关性，调脂治疗并不能够改善血浆Hcy水平。