低位直肠癌术后的纵轴斜野对穿放射治疗

低位直肠癌 (距肛门 <6cm)中有盆腔淋巴结转移或肿瘤外侵者 ,无论术后是否保留肛门 ,其局部复发率均显著高于中位和上位区的直肠癌患者[1] 。这些患者除盆腔需要放射治疗外 ,原肛门周围区也是肿瘤浸润、转移和复发的高危险区 ,也需要给予有效的放射治疗[2 ] 。常规盆腔野对穿放射治疗的缺陷是或者不能给予肛门周围区有效的放射杀伤剂量 ,或患者外阴部受到过量放射损伤、反应较重。我们应用纵轴斜野对穿放射的方法 ,既可以使肛周区得到有效的放射剂量 ,且患者外阴反应轻 ,疗效较好 ,现报告如下。方法　定位CT盆腔图片 ,勾画治疗靶区 ,输入到…     

内皮素受体拮抗剂在慢性收缩性心力衰竭中的应用

慢性收缩性心力衰竭(简称心衰)是各种心脏病的最终发展结果,它严重影响患者的生活质量及寿命.目前心衰分为药物治疗和非药物治疗.1991年～1999年,SOLVD和MERIT-HF等大规模临床试验证实,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和β受体阻滞剂的应用可改善症状并降低心衰患者的住院率和死亡率.本文就内皮素受体拮抗剂在心衰中的应用做一简单总结.     

多沙唑嗪与特拉唑嗪治疗原发性高血压的疗效比较

目的:比较甲磺酸多沙唑嗪和特拉唑嗪治疗原发性高血压的疗效和安全性.方法:采用随机单盲平行对照试验,将符合条件的轻、中度高血压患者63例随机分为试验组(多沙唑嗪)和对照组(特拉唑嗪).试验剂量从2 mg开始逐渐递增至2～8 mg/d,疗程4周.治疗前后分别行心电图、常规体检、血尿常规和生化检查.结果:①治疗4周后,多沙唑嗪组降压总有效率80.7%,特拉唑嗪组降压总有效率70.0%.两组间无显著性差异.②多沙唑嗪组治疗前后收缩压、舒张压的下降幅度分别为10.81%、10.70%,特拉唑嗪组为10.01%、11.47%.两组间无显著性差异.③多沙唑嗪组有效剂量2～6 mg/d,平均3.04 mg/d,特拉唑嗪组有效剂量2～8 mg/d,平均4.19 mg/d.④每组不良事件发生率相似,多沙唑嗪组25.8%,特拉唑嗪组33.3%(P>0.05).最常见的不良反应为头晕、头痛、心悸、体位性低血压等,多为轻度,可迅速缓解,多沙唑嗪组未发生体位性低血压.结论:甲磺酸多沙唑嗪2～6 mg/d,一天一次口服治疗轻、中度高血压安全有效.     

巴曲酶致过敏性休克1例

患者女性 ,3 2岁。因发现全血细胞减少 2个月于2 0 0 2年 9月 2 7日入院。既往患过敏性鼻炎十余年。入院查体 :体温 3 8 0℃ ,贫血貌 ,未见粘膜出血点和紫癜。血常规 :白细胞 2 45× 1 0 9/L ,红细胞 2 75× 1 0 12 /L ,血红蛋白 89g/L ,血小板 3 4× 1 0 9/L。骨髓细胞学检查发现原始细胞 2 2 % ,考虑骨髓细胞增生异常综合征 (myelodys plasticsyndrome,MDS -AML -M2 )。临床诊断 :急性非淋巴细胞性白血病M2 a型 (由MDS难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多型转化 )。“DA”方案 (柔红霉素 +阿糖胞苷 )化疗 1个疗程后发热加重 ,月经来潮后不…     

经后路颈椎弓根螺钉内固定手术的护理

颈椎病是一种常见疾病 ,病情严重者需手术治疗 ,合并颈椎关节不稳者还需进行颈椎内固定术。而经颈椎弓根螺钉固定技术在生物力学稳定性上明显优于其它常规的颈椎前路、后路固定及前后路联合固定手术方法[1] ,虽然此类手术方法具有广泛的临床应用前景 ,但由于手术难度大且有一定风险 ,因此目前国内外开展较少。现将我院对 2 3例患者颈椎病合并颈椎关节不稳行椎管减压、经颈椎弓根螺钉内固定手术前后的护理经验介绍如下。临床资料　我科 2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月 ,共收治颈椎不稳患者 2 3例。男 15例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 2 5～ 76岁 ,平均 5 …     

浅谈医院人事档案管理现代化

人事档案管理现代化 ,就是把先进的科学技术手段应用于人事档案管理 ,以达到提高工作效率和延长人事档案寿命的目的。实现人事档案管理现代化 ,是人事档案服务于人事工作和人事制度改革和发展的需要 ,是我国整个社会主义现代化事业的一个具体组成部分。各行各业的现代化为人事档案管理现代化提供了条件 ,使人事档案管理现代化具备了现实可能性。因此 ,在人事档案管理领域 ,按照国家标准和行业标准 ,加强人事信息系统建设 ,提高办公自动化 ,是推动医院人事档案管理科学化、规范化、现代化的必由之路。人事档案管理数据库的建设是一项长期的任…     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

腹茧症的影像诊断

目的探讨腹茧症的影像特点，提高术前诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的腹茧症6例，术前均进行立位腹部X线平片和腹部CT检查，4例同时行胃肠道钡剂造影，复习其影像表现。结果6例立位腹部X线平片中3例诊断为肠梗阻。4例胃肠道钡剂造影，均可见小肠交错盘绕成团，呈“菜花”状或“手风琴”状表现。6例CT检查，均可见小肠聚集成团，其周围可见膜样的囊状物将其包裹。结论对患者进行胃肠道造影时观察到“菜花”状征象，或CT检查时观察到小肠聚集成团被一层膜样物包裹，应考虑到腹茧症的可能。     

中医药治疗原发性高血压病的现代研究进展

本文从中医的辨证论治和药物的作用机制两个方面入手就中医药对高血压病的现代研究进展作一综述。1辨证论治中医治疗高血压病强调辨证论治,整体观念,临床上一般分为肝阳上亢、阴虚阳亢、肝风内动、肝肾阴虚、痰湿壅盛、血脉瘀阻、阴阳两虚等证型。选用的中医方剂以及中药其药理     

心肌肌钙蛋白-Ⅰ和危重病患者心肌坏死

目的明确非心源性疾病的危重病患者在低血压事件后是否会发生心肌坏死,并寻找心肌坏死指标.方法脓毒症及脓毒性休克患者按预后分为2组.每24h检测心肌肌钙蛋白-Ⅰ(cTnI)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同功酶(CKMB),并动态观察ECG.结果50例患者死亡28例,存活22例,死亡组cTnI阳性率(100%)显著高于存活组(36.4%),P＜0.01;50例患者cTnI阳性率(72%)显著高于ECG阳性率(36%),P＜0.01.低血压持续时间越长,cTnI阳性率越高(重度低血压组100%,轻中度低血压组53.3%,P＜0.01).结论急性非心源性疾病的危重患者低血压后可以引起心肌损害,表现出cTnI阳性,且心电图可能大多并未表现出心肌坏死特征.