腹茧症的CT诊断及临床表现分析

目的探讨腹茧症的临床特点及CT表现,提高CT对腹茧症的诊断水平。方法 7例患者采用MSCT检查,分析手术后病理及CT影像学表现。结果腹茧症(AC)是一种少见的腹部综合征,表现为部分或全部小肠被一层厚纤维膜覆盖、包绕所致的肠梗阻或软组织包块。CT检查可显示特异性征象:肠管聚集盘曲成团,排列呈外缘光滑的菜花样或手风琴样;肠间可见膜状间隔,其周可见茧样纤维膜包裹。结论腹茧症的CT表现有一定的特征,结合临床病例可在术前得到正确的诊断。     

腹茧症的临床特点及CT诊断(附6例分析)

目的探讨腹茧症的临床特点及CT表现,提高CT对腹茧症的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析6例经手术后病理证实的腹茧症的CT及临床表现。结果腹茧症多以不同形式的肠梗阻为主要症状。CT检查可显示特异性征象:肠管聚集盘曲成团,排列呈外缘光滑的手风琴样或扭麻花样;肠间可见膜状间隔,其周可见茧样纤维膜包裹以及肠梗阻。结论腹茧症的CT表现有一定的特征。结合临床,大多数病例可在术前得到正确的诊断。     

腹茧症的X线诊断

目的：探讨腹茧症小肠钡剂造影的X线诊断。材料和方法：回顾性分析6例经手术证实的腹茧症小肠钡剂造影的X线表现。结果：钡餐或小肠灌肠造影表现为受累小肠肠管往返盘绕排列，呈“手风琴”状，近段肠管扩张，钡剂通过延迟.术中发现小肠广泛粘连，肠管被膜状物包裹成团，似蚕茧状。病理组织学显示膜状物为增生的纤维结缔组织。结论：小肠蚕茧状包裹征是一种原因不明少见病，小肠钡剂造影有特征性表现，结合临床可于术前诊断。     

腹茧症的X线诊断

目的: 探讨腹茧症小肠钡剂造影的X线诊断.材料和方法: 回顾性分析6例经手术证实的腹茧症小肠钡剂造影的X线表现.结果: 钡餐或小肠灌肠造影表现为受累小肠肠管往返盘绕排列,呈"手风琴"状,近段肠管扩张,钡剂通过延迟.术中发现小肠广泛粘连,肠管被膜状物包裹成团,似蚕茧状.病理组织学显示膜状物为增生的纤维结缔组织.结论: 小肠蚕茧状包裹征是一种原因不明少见病,小肠钡剂造影有特征性表现,结合临床可于术前诊断.     

肠壁气囊肿症的影像学表现及病因病理探讨

目的：分析肠壁气囊肿症的影像学表现，探讨其形成机制及X线检查对其诊断的价值。材料与方法：选择7例经手术病理或综合影像学及临床随访证实的肠壁气囊肿症患者，采用腹部X线平片，SHIMADZU DAR-3000 DIGITEX PRO数字胃肠机及PICKER IQ～CT机检查。结果：立位腹平片可见膈下游离气体，间位小肠及串珠样囊状透亮区。消化道气钡双重造影可见胃窦溃疡，幽门梗阻及结肠内球形透亮充盈缺损，肠壁柔软。CT平扫可见胃壁十二指肠及小肠壁内线样透亮影。结论：X线检查在肠壁气囊肿症的鉴别诊断中有着不可替代的作用。     

多层螺旋CT在诊断腹茧症中的价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋 CT(MSCT)在诊断腹茧症中的价值。方法回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实为腹茧症患者的MSCT 资料,采集数据在工作站用平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及容积重建(VR)技术进行三维重建,观察病灶的空间解剖关系。结果6例均可见局部小肠及其系膜结构聚集成团,肠管折叠盘绕排列呈“手风琴”状或“香蕉”状。肠袢周围可见低密度的纤细纤维包膜,包膜厚薄不一,增强后纤维包膜强化轻度。受累小肠系膜血管走行异常,呈现肠系膜及其血管聚集、牵拉。结论MSCT 可以提供丰富的诊断信息,是腹茧症的首选检查方法。     

先天性肠闭锁的影像学诊断

目的:探讨X线平片、消化道造影及CT检查对先天性肠闭锁的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析40例经手术病理证实的先天性肠闭锁患者的影像学资料。40例均行腹部立位和正侧位摄片,其中8例同时行上消化道碘水造影,26例行碘水灌肠造影,3例行CT平扫和增强检查。结果:主要X线表现:高位小肠梗阻10例,低位小肠或结肠梗阻30例;腹腔内胎粪钙化5例,包裹性气腹2例,风兜征8例,胎儿型结肠24例,结肠宽径接近正常2例。主要CT表现:十二指肠闭锁处呈截断状3例。结论:X线平片对先天性肠闭锁的诊断及确定闭锁部位有重要价值,消化道碘水造影是确诊本病的重要依据,CT可作为补充检查手段。     

先天性十二指肠梗阻的影像表现及检查方法选择

目的 探讨不同影像检查方法对各种类型先天性十二指肠梗阻的诊断价值及检查方法的选择。方法 回顾性分析经手术证实的48例先天性十二指肠梗阻患儿的产前超声、腹部立位X线平片、上胃肠道造影以及术前超声和CT的影像资料,观察胃肠道管径、充盈程度、运动和排空情况、梗阻端形态、邻近结构的解剖等,并计算各种影像检查方法的检出率。结果 48例患儿均行产前超声检查及X线平片,检出率分别为58.3%（28/48）、83.3%（40/48）;31例患儿行上胃肠道造影,检出率为100%（31/31）;31例患儿行术前超声检查,检出率为67.7/%（21/31）;8例患儿行CT检查,检出率为87.5/%（7/8）。其中,上胃肠道造影对各类型先天性十二指肠梗阻的检出率最高（均为100%）。X线平片可呈真性“双泡征”、“单泡征”或“双泡征”伴肠管生理性充气减少。上胃肠道造影主要表现为胃和近端十二指肠扩张,对比剂通过十二指肠完全或部分受阻和频繁逆蠕动。可见梗阻端呈“风兜状”,十二指肠空肠交界点和近段空肠位置异常及十二指肠腔内光滑充盈缺损影。术前超声检查主要表现为胃泡、十二指肠近端扩张,远端肠管充盈差,排空延迟和逆蠕动,还可见“隔膜样”强回声带,肠系膜上动脉与肠系膜上静脉倒置等。CT表现为胃泡、十二指肠近端的扩张,部分可见“漩涡征”。结论 不同影像检查方法对各种类型先天性十二指肠梗阻的检出率不同,上胃肠道造影的检出率最高。需要结合临床表现、产前超声和腹部立位X线平片的影像表现,适当选择上胃肠道造影、术前超声或CT检查。     

原发性腹茧症致小肠梗阻的CT表现及其误诊分析

目的总结原发性腹茧症致小肠梗阻的CT表现,探讨其诊断及误诊分析。方法回顾性分析1例经手术证实的原发性腹茧症致小肠梗阻患者的CT及临床资料。结果原发性腹茧症致小肠梗阻CT表现为:1)平扫见局部小肠肠管扩张积气;2)增强扫描可见扩张的肠管周围纤维包膜增厚,肠管扭曲呈香蕉状,边缘光滑;其肠系膜牵拉、扭转,系膜血管分布异常;3)MPR见正常肠管包绕团状聚集的扩张肠管,并且二者之间脂肪间隙清晰;4)右侧阴囊空虚,右侧髂窝处见隐睾。结论原发性腹茧症致小肠梗阻有其基本影像特征,充分认识该病的CT特点及临床表现,可避免CT误诊。     

腹茧症1例报告

患者男,42岁。突发腹痛、腹胀伴恶心、呕吐、未排便、排气2天,既往无腹部外伤史及手术史。入院诊断肠梗阻,予保守抗炎治疗7天后症状缓解。行全消化道钡剂造影检查后再次出现腹痛、腹胀等症状,与前次发作一致,遂行开腹探查以除外肠粘连或肿瘤。术中所见腹膜光整但增厚明显,切开腹膜后见淡黄色腹水,距十二指肠悬韧带约1·30cm处至回盲部小肠成团,疏松粘连、扭曲,外有纤维膜包裹,横结肠及胃结肠韧带也被同样的纤维膜包裹,大网膜缺如,手术剥离并切除部分膜状物,松解肠粘连。术中诊断腹茧症。病理诊断:送检组织为纤维组织构成的囊壁样改变,未见被…     

Stress MR imaging for evaluation of popliteal artery entrapment

The popliteal artery entrapment (PAE) syndrome has been recognized as a cause of arterial occlusion in young people. It is the result of an anomaly of the relationship between the popliteal artery and the gastrocnemius muscle. Eight young healthy volunteers (16 legs) and six patients (10 legs) with suspected PAE underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Gradient-echo images were obtained in axial planes with the leg at rest and during active plantar flexion against resistance. Imaging at rest allowed identification of PAE signs in only one leg, which had an anomalous medial course of the popliteal artery. In the other cases, only the stress technique was able to show signal loss in the popliteal artery due to muscular compression (two legs) or the presence of accessory muscle slip around the vessel (two legs), as confirmed at surgery. MR imaging is therefore a useful technique for the diagnosis of PAE because of its capability of combining information obtainable with other modalities.     

MR imaging of muscle and tender points in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome manifested by chronic, diffuse muscu-loskeletal aching and soreness, palpable muscle tender points, and other symptoms. Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been developed. Skeletal muscle has been postulated as the end organ in this disease. Biochemical, histologic, electromyographic, and conventional radiographic studies have demonstrated no definitive abnormality. This study sought to establish whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could demonstrate any abnormality in these patients. Eighteen patients were entered in the study, 14 of whom were able to complete their examinations. T1 -weighted, T2-weighted, gradient-echo, and STIR (short-tau inversion-recovery) sequences were performed in all patients, with selected patients examined with T1weighted, gadopentetate dimeglu-mine-enhanced sequences. The trapezius and suboccipital regions were imaged in patients who, clinically, had active fibro-myalgia. No abnormalities could be detected. The authors conclude that the conventional MR imaging used in this study was unable to depict any primary skeletal muscle abnormality in fibromyalgia.     

Uterine contractions: Possible diagnostic pitfall at MR imaging

A total of 206 nongravid patients with various gynecologic problems underwent pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) examinations that included both sagittal T2-weighted and contrast agent–enhanced T1-weighted images. MR images were retrospectively reviewed to identify changes in endometrial configuration on serial images obtained during the same MR examination. In 20 MR examinations (all in women of reproductive age), endometrial distortion due to myometrial bulging was noted on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. It was absent on other MR images obtained at different times. Myometrial bulging exhibited low signal intensity in 18 examinations. The finding resembled adenomyosis or leiomyoma on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. These results evidence the presence of transient myometrial bulging and transient low-intensity myometrium in the nongravid uterus. This phenomenon is thought to represent uterine contraction. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of transient low-signal-intensity myometrial bulging that could present diagnostic problems in the normal uterus.     

Controversies in cervical spine imaging in trauma patients

No area of emergency radiology has generated as much discussion in recent years as the subject of cervical spine imaging for trauma patients. This review will be in three parts. The first will examine the indications for cervical imaging and will focus on those factors that make patients at high risk or low risk for cervical injury. The second part will discuss the merits of radiography and computed tomography as the main screening diagnostic examination. In addition to the roles of each modality in the evaluation process, such factors as efficacy of diagnosis, time (duration) of study, and cost will be discussed. Finally, the third part will explore the methods currently employed to clear the cervical spine in comatose patients.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Emergency Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada, 22–25 October, 2003     

Brodie Abscess: MR imaging appearance in 10 patients

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Brodie abscess have not yet been fully evaluated. Ten patients with Brodie abscess, eight of long bone and two of vertebra, were studied with MR imaging. Long bone abscess had a characteristic “target” appearance with four layers: (a) a center with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR (short-inversion-time inversion recovery) images, (b) an inner ring isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and with high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, (c) an outer ring hypoin-tense on all images, and (d) a peripheral halo hypointense on T1-weighted images. In six of eight cases, a soft-tissue mass was found. The two vertebral abscesses had a less specific appearance, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images. Only the peripheral halo was clearly identified in both cases.     

Pericerebellar fluid collections in infancy,sequelae of birth injury? A retrospective CT study

Summary Retrospective analysis of axial CT scans from 600 consecutive pediatric patients revealed 37 patients (6%) with abnormal low density pericerebellar spaces. Fourteen of these 37 patients (38%) were diagnosed as cerebellar atrophy, whereas 23 of the 37 patients (62%) were diagnosed as mass-like pericerebellar fluid collections. Detailed analysis of the morphology of these spaces suggests that the CT criteria proposed in this paper distinguish between (a) those low attenuation pericerebellar spaces that represent cisternal dilatation caused by cerebellar atrophy (Group I — Atrophy) and (b) those low attenuation pericerebellar spaces that represent low density mass-like collections of fluid which distort a relatively normal cerebellum (Group II — Collections). Analysis of the medical records of the patients in Group II — Collections reveal a high incidence of prematurity, developmental delay, difficult birth and head trauma, possibly indicating that such collections represent sequelae of birth.     

Localized proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in children

Small-voxel (3.0–8.0 cm³), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging–guided proton MR spectroscopy was performed in 54 patients (aged 6 days to 19 years) with intracranial masses (n = 16), neurodegenerative disorders (n = 34), and other neurologic diseases (n = 4) and in 23 age-matched control subjects without brain disease. A combined short TE (18 msec) stimulatedecho acquisition mode (STEAM) and long TE (135 and/or 270 msec) spin-echo point-resolved spatially localized spectroscopy (PRESS) protocol, using designed radio-frequency pulses, was performed at 1.5 T. STEAM spectra revealed short T2 and/or strongly coupled metabolites; prominent resonances were obtained from N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), and total creatine (tCr). Lactate was well resolved with the long TE PRESS sequence. Intracranial tumors were readily differentiated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collections. All tumors showed low NAA, high Cho, and reduced tCr levels. Neurodegenerative disorders showed low or absent NAA levels and enhanced mobile lipid, glutamate and glutamine, and inositol levels, consistent with neuronal loss, gliosis, demyelination, and amino acid neuro-toxicity. Preliminary experience indicates that proton MR spectroscopy can contribute in the evaluation of central nervous system abnormalities of infants and children.     

Adrenal tissue characterization with 0.5-T MR imaging: Value of T2*-weighted images

The authors investigated the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.5 T for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. The series included 23 adrenal adenomas (18 nonhyperfunctioning, five hyperfunctioning) and 23 adrenal metastases from various organs. Adrenal tumor–liver signal intensity ratios on T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were calculated for adrenal tissue characterization. Adrenal adenomas were more precisely distinguished from adrenal metastases on T2*-weighted images (21 of 23, 91%) than on T2-weighted images (15 of 23, 65%). T1-weighted images were not useful for this distinction. In conclusion, T2*-weighted images were better than routine T2-weighted images for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. It can be postulated that the total signal intensity of adrenal adenomas, which contain some fat components, decreased on T2*-weighted images because of an out-of-phase effect.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of vascularized free fibular grafts

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be a noninvasive method for assessing perfusion of vascularized bone grafts placed for treatment of avascular necrosis. One proximal femur of seven beagles was devascularized, with insertion of a vascularized fibular graft. MR imaging at 1 week (seven dogs) and 6 weeks (five dogs) after surgery included pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences, unenhanced twodimensional time-of-flight (TOF) vascular imaging, and dynamic gradient-echo imaging during infusion of gadolinium. Relative signal intensity values of selected regions obtained from the dynamic gradientecho images were plotted as percent enhancement versus time. In the operated hip, MR imaging did not show enhancement in six of seven femoral heads and greater trochanters at 1 week after surgery, with similar results after 6 weeks. MR imaging of fibular grafts 6 weeks after surgery showed an initial rapid increase in enhancement and a subsequent slower increase in five of five dogs, although no enhancement was seen in six of seven dogs at 1 week. These findings contrasted with a rapid initial increase in enhancement followed by slow decline in non-operated hips. Two-dimensional TOP imaging did not show the vascular pedicle of the graft in any dog. Findings of radionuclide bone scanning performed 1 week after surgery were consistent with devascularization of the operated femur and fibular graft. However, tetracycline distribution and histologic findings confirmed the viability of five of five grafts within the devascularized femurs 6 weeks after surgery. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 6 weeks after surgery is valuable for assessing vascular bone graft perfusion, while similar imaging at 1 week may suggest otherwise.