现代战创伤致脊髓损伤患者的三维步态分析

目的通过对现代战创伤致脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)患者配戴改良往复式步行矫形器(Advanced reciprocating gait orthosis,ARGO)进行三维步态分析,比较分析SCI患者的脊髓损伤平面与其步行能力(下肢关节运动学、动力学及时空参数等)之间的关系,探讨重建SCI患者步行能力的方法。方法选择在我院住院且配戴ARGO进行步行训练的完全性SCI患者15例,采用Vicon三维步态分析系统进行步态检测与分析。应用Spearman秩和相关性检验对SCI患者的不同脊髓损伤平面与其步态的运动学、动力学和时空参数之间的相关性进行统计学分析。结果 15例患者的步频和跨步长分别为(34.9±1.97)step/min和(95.7±10.39)cm。髋关节摆动角度及髋关节伸展和屈曲时相的角速度分别为(45.28±4.84)°、(22.34±1.96)°/s和(121.35±10.54)°/s。SCI患者的步速(rs=0.914,P<0.001),跨步长(rs=0.926,P<0.001),助行架的压力均值(rs=-0.877,P=0.001),骨盆的旋转角度(rs=-0.926,P<0.001)和髋关节摆动角度(rs=0.963,P<0.01)与SCI平面之间均存在着显著的相关性。结论骨盆的异常运动、髋关节摆动幅度的受限及上肢的过度负载是完全性SCI患者步行能力受限的主要原因。SCI患者应接受一些能够降低其过度生理负荷的康复训练方法,从而改善其重建的步行功能。     

基于机器学习的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)疫情分析及预测

本研究采用数学建模的方式,在有限的数据下,通过机器学习对近期爆发的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎确诊人数趋势进行了预测,根据有关部门发布的信息,预测了疫情拐点出现的时间,并对比了各省预计最终确诊人数所占的比例,以此为依据,大致划分了疫情的严重程度,对各省市人民防护工作有指导意义。     

《朋友通信》—对男男性接触者的艾滋病干预项目

目的 了解《朋友通信》项目－一个对男男性接触进行艾滋病干预的 效果。方法 青岛大学医学院附属医院定期编辑出版内部刊物《朋友通信》，在全国的男男性接触间传播。二年后，对读进行问卷调查。结果 约7万名男男性接触读过本刊物，其中1／4曾将基异性朋友看。后中过半数从此变得对男男性接触更为友善。大部分读为本刊物有助于改善他们的生活质量，使他们更关心艾滋病问题改变风险行为和对婚姻的态度，减少性伴数，并增强信心。结论 《朋友通信》项目提供了一个新的有效的对男男性接触进行艾滋病干预的模式，此模式与发达国家的模式不同，亦不见于发展中国家。     

Nasal fistula,epidermal cyst and hypernatremia in a girl presenting holoprosencephaly due to a rare ZIC2 point mutation

Holoprosencephaly is the most common brain malformation in humans and it is a complex genetic disorder. We report on a patient with holoprosencephaly caused by a rare ZIC2 mutation presenting a bifid nose associated with a nasal fistula and an epidermal cyst, besides hypernatremia. The patient was a 1 year and 4 months old girl that developed an important neuropsychomotor delay. Currently, she uses a wheelchair to move around and only emits sounds. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a semilobar holoprosencephaly and a Dandy-Walker variant. Head magnetic resonance imaging also disclosed corpus callosum agenesis and prefrontal subarachnoid space enlargement. On physical examination at 1 year and 4 months of age, we verified growth retardation, microcephaly, bilateral epicantic fold, upslanting palpebral fissures, bifid nose, and limbs spasticity secondary to hypertonia. Later, she began to present hypernatremia; however, its precise cause was not identified. At 6 years and 10 months of age, a nasal fistula was suspected. Facial CT scan showed an epidermal cyst at cartilaginous portion of the nasal septum. High resolution GTG-Banding karyotype was normal. However, molecular analysis through direct sequencing technique showed a mutation at regulatory region of the ZIC2 gene: c.1599*954T > A, a genetic variation previously described only in a Brazilian patient. Our patient presented findings still not reported in literature among patients with holoprosencephaly, including those with ZIC2 mutations. Thus, the spectrum of abnormalities associated to ZIC2 mutations may be broader and include other defects as those observed in our patient.     

Extraction of isoflavones from Puerariae lobata using subcritical water

As an alternative to organic solvents, subcritical water was employed for the first time as an effective solvent for the extraction of isoflavones from Puerariae lobata. Optimum experimental conditions for the extraction of the four main isoflavones were established by single factor experiments, and the optimum experimental conditions for total isoflavone extraction were established further by response surface methodology. With an extraction time of 45 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 1 : 20, the extraction yields of puerarin, 3′-methoxypuerarin, and daidzin reached maxima at extraction temperatures of 120 °C, 140 °C and 200 °C, respectively. Moreover, puerarin, 3′-methoxypuerarin and daidzin were degraded and produced various byproducts due to hydrothermal reactions at higher temperatures. The maximum extraction yields of the total isoflavones were obtained by response surface methodology (extraction time of 45 min, solid/liquid ratio of 1 : 15 and extraction temperature of 120 °C). Compared to conventional solvents, subcritical water utilized less solvent and required a shorter extraction time.

Four main isoflavones from Puerariae lobata were successfully extracted using subcritical water. Maximum yields of total isoflavones by response surface methodology were obtained.     

Yeast fermentation inspired Ca-alginate hydrogel membrane: lower transparency,hierarchical pore structure and higher hydrophobicity

With a fantastic combination of yeast fermentation and hydrogel membrane formation, a series of microorganism inspired porous hydrogel membranes (MIHM) with various mass ratios of yeast/sodium alginate (SA) were developed. The yeast cells were firstly activated by addition of glucose for generating byproduct carbon dioxide (CO₂), inducing the formation of porous structures. The ionic cross-linking between calcium chloride and SA was subsequently performed based on an egg-box model. It is of interest to note that the obtained MIHM hydrogel membranes exhibited decreased transparency and hierarchical porous structure with pore sizes varying from 2 nm to 1 mm, giving rise to significantly increased contact angle (CA) values from 63.65° to 107.83° and obviously decreased equilibrium swelling ratios from 79.72 to 18.05. Especially, the adsorption kinetics of crystal violet (CV) show that the MIHM hydrogel membrane exhibited an encouraging uptake capacity of 18.40 mg g⁻¹ at 10 mg g⁻¹ and the adsorption kinetics of CV could be well defined by a pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. Owing to great advantages in facile fabrication, high efficiency, low cost and desirable biocompatibility, the MIHM hydrogel membrane can be large-scale fabricated and used for industry and agriculture.

CO₂ from yeast fermentation was used to prepare a porous hydrogel membrane with decreased transparency, hierarchical pores and increased hydrophobicity.     

麦芽制造过程中酚类物质及其相关酶类的变化

研究了3种典型国产啤酒大麦在麦芽制造过程中（包括浸麦、发芽和干燥）酚类物质及其相关酶类（苯丙氨酸解氨酶：phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL、过氧化物酶：peroxidase,POD和多酚氧化酶：polyphenol oxidase,PPO）的变化,分析了制麦过程中酚类物质含量的变化与酶活力和制麦工艺之间的关系,讨论了大麦发芽过程中苯丙氨酸解氨酶在合成酚类物质方面的作用及过氧化物酶对根芽生长和制麦损失的影响。     

Enhanced Meniscal Repair by Overexpression of hIGF-1 in a Full-thickness Model

The importance of the menisci to the well-being of the normal knee is well-documented. However, there is no ideal repair or reconstructive approach for damaged menisci. Gene therapy provides one promising alternative strategy, especially when combined with injectable tissue engineering to achieve minimally invasive clinical application. We asked whether the introduction of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (hIGF-1) gene could improve the repair of full-thickness meniscal defects. We created full-thickness meniscal defects in the “white area” of the anterior horn in 48 goats. Bone marrow stromal cells with the transfection of hIGF-1 gene and injectable calcium alginate gel were mixed together to repair the defects; three control groups included cells without transfection, gel without cells, and defects left empty. After 4, 8, and 16 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the excised defects were examined by macroscopic assessment, histological analysis, electron microscopy, proteoglycan determination, and MRI. Sixteen weeks after surgery the repaired meniscal defects were filled with white tissue similar to that in normal meniscal fibrocartilage. The repair tissue was composed of cells embedded within matrix that filled the spaces of the fibers. The proteoglycan content in the gene-enhanced tissue engineering group was higher than those in the control groups, and less than that in the normal meniscus. The results suggest full-thickness meniscal defects in regions without blood supply can be reconstructed with hIGF-1-enhanced injectable tissue engineering.