犬细小病毒VP2蛋白在家蚕/昆虫细胞中表达

目的犬细小病毒(canine parvovirus,CPV)能够引起犬急性出血性肠炎,在幼犬中的死亡率很高,为我国养犬业和经济动物养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。因而,寻找一种新型、安全、高效的疫苗为细小病毒性肠炎的防控具有重要意义。方法本研究利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统构建了表达CPV VP2蛋白的重组杆状病毒rBV-D-VP2。该重组病毒感染昆虫细胞和家蚕后,表达CPV VP2蛋白。体外表达的VP2蛋白自动装配成病毒样粒子。随后用蚕蛹中大量组装成的病毒样粒子分别通过口服和肌注两种途径免疫豚鼠。结果经电镜检测,观察到直径为25nm大小的球形病毒样粒子,表明重组杆状病毒表达的VP2能形成病毒样粒子,且在大小、形态上与天然病毒相似。间接免疫荧光检测表明成功构建了表达VP2的病毒样粒子。口服和肌注两种途径免疫豚鼠,均产生了血凝抑制效价。结论本研究为CPV新型亚单位疫苗的研究提供了依据。     

新城疫病毒NP和P基因辅助质粒的构建及鉴定

目的构建新城疫病毒JL02/2000株P和NP基因真核表达质粒,并在BHK-21细胞中表达,为该病毒的反向遗传操作系统的建立奠定了基础。方法根据新城疫病毒(JL02/2000毒株)的全基因组中的NP、P基因分别设计引物,应用RT-PCR方法扩增NP基因和P基因,将扩增的NP基因和P基因片段连接到pMD18-T载体上,限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切鉴定确认后回收目的条带,分别插入到真核表达载体pCI上,经测序确认pCI-NP、pCI-P辅助质粒的构建。将pCI-NP、pCI-P转染BHK-21细胞,两次换液,72h后回收细胞,经RT-PCR检测NP和P基因片段。结果构建的辅助质粒pCI-NP和pCI-P经双酶切和测序鉴定到目的片段。pCI-NP、pCI-P转染后,RT-PCR检测到NP和P基因片段。结论新城疫病毒pCI-NP、pCI-P辅助质粒构建成功,pCI-NP、pCI-P可在BHK-21细胞中表达,为该病毒的反向遗传操作系统的建立奠定了基础。     

基因Ⅲ型乙型脑炎病毒Real-time PCR检测方法的建立及应用

目的建立针对云南地区流行的基因Ⅲ型乙型脑炎病毒株Real-time PCR检测方法。方法根据云南地区分离株乙型脑炎病毒株(Yunnan0901)基因组核苷酸序列设计特异性引物,构建pMD18-T-JEV-E质粒,以此为模板进行SYBR GreenⅠReal-time PCR扩增并制作标准曲线,摸索最佳反应体系条件,建立乙型脑炎病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法,并与普通RT-PCR方法相比较。结果建立的SYBR GreenⅠReal-time PCR标准曲线呈现良好的重复性和特异性,与模板浓度呈现良好的线性关系。与RT-PCR方法相比,SYBR GreenⅠReal-time PCR的灵敏度高10倍,而且不与猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病毒、猪圆环病毒、基孔肯雅病毒、辛德毕斯病毒核酸发生非特异性扩增,具有良好的特异性。用该方法检测云南部分地区的蚊虫样品,其中库蚊、按蚊乙型脑炎病毒阳性率分别为17.4%和30.7%,且主要为基因型Ⅲ型。结论本实验建立的检测基因Ⅲ型乙型脑炎病毒的SYBR GreenⅠReal-time PCR方法具有特异、敏感、快速、定量、重复性好等特点,可应用于乙型脑炎疫情的监测。     

Ochratoxin A at low concentrations inhibits in vitro growth of canine umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells through oxidative chromatin and DNA damage

Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure during pregnancy in laboratory animals induces delayed/abnormal embryo development. Foetal adnexa-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could help evaluate the developmental risk of exposure to chemicals in advanced gestational age. We tested the effects of OTA at concentrations ranging from 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ to 25 nM on growth parameters of canine umbilical cord matrix (UCM)-derived MSCs. The hypothesis that oxidative chromatin and DNA damage could underlie OTA-mediated cell toxicity was also investigated. After in vitro exposure, OTA significantly decreased cell density and increased doubling time in a passage- and concentration-dependent manner and no exposed cells survived beyond passage 5. Significantly higher rates of cells showed condensed and fragmented chromatin and oxidized DNA, as assessed by OxyDNA assay. These findings showed that in vitro exposure to OTA, at picomolar levels, perturbs UCM-MSC growth parameters through oxidative chromatin and DNA damage, suggesting possible consequences on canine foetal development.     

Genetic characterization of a noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 2b isolated from cattle in China

In January 2013, several clinical signs of cattle with diarrhea, cough, nasal discharge, and fever were reported in Jilin province, China. One virus named SD1301 was isolated and identified. Complete genome of the virus is 12258nt in length and contains a 5′UTR, one open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3,897 amino acids and a 3′UTR. Phylogenetic analysis of 5′UTR, N^pro, E1 and E2 gene demonstrated the virus belonged to BVDV 2b, and genetically related to the BVDV strain Hokudai-Lab/09 from Japan in 2010. This bovine viral diarrhea virus displays a unique genetic signature with 27-nucleotide deletion in the 5′UTR, which is similar to the bovine viral diarrhea virus C413 (AF002227). This was the first confirmed isolation of ncp BVDV2b circulating in bovine herd of China.     

Evaluation of immune responses in dogs to oral rabies vaccine under field conditions

During the 20th century parenteral vaccination of dogs at central-point locations was the foundation of successful canine rabies elimination programs in numerous countries. However, countries that remain enzootic for canine rabies have lower infrastructural development compared to countries that have achieved elimination, which may make traditional vaccination methods less successful. Alternative vaccination methods for dogs must be considered, such as oral rabies vaccine (ORV). In 2016, a traditional mass dog vaccination campaign in Haiti was supplemented with ORV to improve vaccination coverage and to evaluate the use of ORV in dogs. Blisters containing live-attenuated, vaccine strain SPBNGAS-GAS were placed in intestine bait and distributed to dogs by hand. Serum was collected from 107 dogs, aged 3–12 months with no reported prior rabies vaccination, pre-vaccination and from 78/107 dogs (72.9%) 17 days post-vaccination. The rapid florescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) was used to detect neutralizing antibodies and an ELISA to detect rabies binding antibodies. Post-vaccination, 38/41 (92.7%) dogs that received parenteral vaccine had detectable antibody (RFFIT >0.05 IU/mL), compared to 16/27 (59.3%, p < 0.01) dogs that received ORV or 21/27 (77.8%) as measured by ELISA (>40% blocking, p < 0.05). The fate of 291 oral vaccines was recorded; 283 dogs (97.2%) consumed the bait; 272 dogs (93.4%) were observed to puncture the blister, and only 14 blisters (4.8%) could not be retrieved by vaccinators and were potentially left in the environment. Pre-vaccination antibodies (RFFIT >0.05 IU/mL) were detected in 10/107 reportedly vaccine-naïve dogs (9.3%). Parenteral vaccination remains the most reliable method for ensuring adequate immune response in dogs, however ORV represents a viable strategy to supplement existing parental vaccination campaigns in hard-to-reach dog populations. The hand-out model reduces the risk of unintended contact with ORV through minimizing vaccine blisters left in the community.     

H9亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的克隆与序列分析

目的扩增、克隆H9N2 HA基因,并进行序列分析,为H9N2流感病毒种间及跨种传播机制研究奠定基础。方法设计特异性引物,扩增克隆H9N2亚型禽流感病毒,测序后进行序列分析。结果成功克隆出4株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒,全长均为1.7 kb,ORF为1 683 bp,编码560个氨基酸;联机检索,与参考毒株比对核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均在90%以上。结论成功克隆4株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒,序列分析显示其核苷酸和推导氨基酸与参考毒株高度同源。     

猪源新城疫病毒F蛋白裂解位点对BHK-21细胞特异性膜融合的影响

目的研究猪源新城疫病毒F蛋白裂解位点区氨基酸序列对其特异性膜融合作用的影响。方法采用基因定点突变及基因重组的方法,测定突变猪源新城疫病毒JL01株F蛋白裂解位点区基因序列,并将阳性突变质粒与猪源新城疫病毒HN基因共转染BHK-21细胞,通过面积判断法和细胞计数法分析细胞融合效率。结果突变株RF4细胞融合效率为0.58±0.10,与野毒株的0.55±0.02接近。RF5融合效率较高,为0.69±0.05;RF3融合效率较低,为0.25±0.02。结论猪源新城疫病毒F蛋白裂解位点的改变对其特异性膜融合作用有一定影响。     

Egg-adaptive mutations in H3N2v vaccine virus enhance egg-based production without loss of antigenicity or immunogenicity

The recently detected zoonotic H3N2 variant influenza A (H3N2v) viruses have caused 343 documented cases of human infection linked to contact with swine. An effective vaccine is needed for these viruses, which may acquire transmissibility among humans. However, viruses isolated from human cases do not replicate well in embryonated chicken eggs, posing an obstacle to egg-based vaccine production. To address this issue, we sought to identify egg-adaptive mutations in surface proteins that increase the yield of candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) in eggs while preserving their immunizing effectiveness. After serial passage of a representative H3N2v isolate (A/Indiana/08/2011), we identified several egg-adaptive combinations of HA mutations and assessed the egg-based replication, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1, PR8)-based 6 + 2 reverse genetics CVVs carrying these mutations. Here we demonstrate that the respective combined HA substitutions G186₁V + N246₁K, N165₁K + G186₁V, T128₁N + N165₁K + R76₂G, and T128₁N + N165₁K + I10₂M, all identified after egg passage, enhanced the replication of the CVVs in eggs without substantially affecting their antigenicity or immunogenicity. The mutations were stable, and the mutant viruses acquired no additional substitutions during six subsequent egg passages. We found two crucial mutations, G186V, which was previously defined, and N246K, which in combination improved virus yield in eggs without significantly impacting antigenicity or immunogenicity. This combination of egg-adaptive mutations appears to most effectively generate high egg-based yields of influenza A/Indiana/08/2011-like CVVs.     

H6亚型流感病毒在小鼠肺内的适应性传代研究

目的为了进一步探讨H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)对哺乳动物的感染与致病能力,建立H6亚型AIV哺乳动物感染模型。方法用H6N1亚型AIV感染BALB/c小鼠,并在小鼠肺组织中连续传代,测定病毒的EID50。观察感染鼠临床症状和体征,评价病毒的致病性。结果经8～9代的适应后,该病毒即对小鼠产生明显的致病性,小鼠表现出精神萎靡、食欲减退、竖毛、弓背等临床症状。测定鼠肺适应株病毒H6N1-P8-M1、H6N1-P9-M2、H6N1-P8-M3的EID50分别为108.5、106.75和108.25/ml,三毒株感染鼠在发作期全部死亡。H6N1-P0组小鼠感染后14d仍全部存活。结论 H6N1亚型AIV与其他亚型相似,同样具有经适应后对哺乳动物呈现高致病性的能力,提示应关注H6亚型AIV对人类的潜在风险,得到的毒力增强鼠肺适应株为H6N1流感病毒疫苗和药物研究以及致病分子机制研究提供了动物模型。