The molecular mechanisms of XBP-1 gene silencing on IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK pathways in oral squamous cell carcinoma under endoplasmic reticulum stress

BackgroundProteasome inhibitor Carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132) induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a key UPR component that regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) homeostasis. This study was aimed to investigate the activation of IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK pathway by silencing the XBP1 expression in an OSCC cell line.MethodsThe XBP1 specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid vector was constructed and then transfected into the Tca-8113 cells. The effect of XBP-1 gene silencing on IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK pathway under MG132 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in Tca-8113 were investigated by real-time RT-PCR or western blot. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.ResultsXBP1 expression was reduced in transfected groups and MG132 groups. shRNA-XBP1 induces IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1 signaling activation to activate pro-apoptotic ASK1-JNK signaling. Moreover, combined shRNA-XBP1 with MG132 further enhanced downregulated XBP1 expression and upregulated activation of ASK1-JNK signaling.ConclusionsSilencing XBP1 expression under MG132 induced ER stress block the XBP1 survival pathway and synergism with MG132 to promote Tca8113 cell apoptosis. These findings provide a therapeutic option in oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibition of proteasome and XBP1 splicing.     

全程心理护理对脑卒中后抑郁患者的影响

目的:探讨全程心理护理对脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者的影响。方法:将100例PSD患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组给予常规抗抑郁治疗及护理,观察组在此基础上实施全程心理护理。比较两组患者治疗后HAMD、NIHSS、Barthel指数评分及抑郁治疗有效率。结果:两组治疗2、4、12周的HAMD、NIHSS、Barthel指数评分优于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗12周的HAMD、NIHSS、Barthel指数评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组抑郁治疗有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:全程心理护理能改善PSD患者的抑郁程度,促进神经功能恢复,提高日常生活能力。     

临床护理路径在急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入术患者中的应用

目的:探讨临床护理路径(CNP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)行冠状动脉介入术患者中的应用方法及临床效果.方法:将64例AMI患者随机分为实验组和对照组各32例,对照组进行常规护理,实验组按CNP进行护理,比较两组住院天数、医疗费用、并发症发生率及患者满意度.结果:实验组住院天数、并发症发生率、患者的满意度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:将CNP应用于AMI行冠状动脉介入术患者,可提高护士的工作效率和患者的满意度,控制医疗成本,保证护理质量,值得临床推广.     

冠心病患者介入治疗术后舒适状况及影响因素调查

目的:调查分析冠心病患者介入治疗(PCI)术后舒适状况及影响因素,并提出针对性护理干预对策。方法:采用舒适状况量表(GCQ)评价82例冠心病患者PCI术后24、48、72 h舒适状况,分析不同年龄、性别、文化程度及穿刺部位患者24 h舒适状况。结果:本组患者术后48、72 h GCQ评分均高于术后24 h评分(P<0.05,P<0.01);患者年龄、性别、文化程度与其GCQ评分不相关(P>0.05),穿刺部位与其GCQ评分相关,桡动脉穿刺患者社会文化评分、环境评分、总分均高于股动脉穿刺患者(P<0.05)。结论:了解冠心病PCI患者术后舒适状况及影响因素并给予针对性护理干预,可促进其尽快康复。     

Soleus H reflex extinction in controls and spastic patients: ordered occlusion or diffuse inhibition?

Extinction of the soleus H reflex at higher stimulus intensities is commonly attributed to retrograde conduction of action potentials in motor axons. This study was designed to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying the extinction. The decrease of the H reflex was quantified in a group of controls and spastic patients, with and without depression of the H response by continuous tendon vibration. Response amplitudes were normalized as a percentage of the maximal M wave amplitude. Stimuli were normalized as a multiple of the M wave threshold. After normalization, the mean M recruitment curves, and similarly the fractions of motor axons activated, were equal in each group. In contrast, the mean H reflex amplitudes at the M threshold were different. The mean H reflex decrease, between 1.0 and 1.5 times the M threshold, was found to be the same fraction of the maximal H reflex amplitude in each group. The largest motor fibres, belonging to the largest motoneurones, are traditionally thought to have the lowest threshold for electrical excitation. Collision or retrograde inactivation should therefore preferentially affect the largest motoneurones, employed in only the largest H reflexes, at the lowest stimulus intensities. Our results are contrary to this hypothesis. Renshaw and/or Ib inhibition is likely to play a role in the initial decrease of the H reflex at higher stimulus intensities.