Ski: Double roles in cancers

The Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays a dual role as an oncoprotein and tumor suppressor gene in the development of human cancer. The Ski oncogene was first identified as a transforming protein of the avian Sloan-Kettering retrovirus in 1986. Since its discovery, Ski has been identified as a carcinogenic regulator in a variety of malignant tumors. Later, it was reported that Ski regulates the occurrence and development of some cancers by acting as an oncogene. Ski mediates the proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of numerous cancer cells through various mechanisms. Several studies have shown that Ski expression is correlated with the clinical characteristics of cancer patients and is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and potential clinical implications of Ski in dimorphism, cancer occurrence, and progression in various types of cancer.     

Does Arthroplasty Provide Better Outcomes Than Internal Fixation At Mid- and Long-term Followup? A Meta-analysis

Background

Arthroplasty has been shown to be superior regarding low risk of reoperation and better function score to internal fixation for treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures at short-term followup. However, there are unanswered questions regarding the efficacy of arthroplasty in the longer term compared with internal fixation.

Questions/purposes

We performed a meta-analysis comparing arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty or THA) with internal fixation in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures with respect to (1) mortality, (2) reoperation, (3) functional recovery, and (4) complications, including only randomized trials with a minimum of 4 years followup.

Methods

Computerized databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials databases, and Web of Science^™ were searched for studies published from the inception date for each database to March 2014. Eleven randomized controlled trials that compared arthroplasty (either hemiarthroplasty or THA) with internal fixation for treatment of patients with a femoral neck fracture were included in our analysis. The quality of the trials was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook and meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.2 software from the Cochrane Collaboration. The heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by the I-squared index (I²) and publication bias was assessed using forest plots.

Results

There were no differences between the internal fixation and arthroplasty groups for patient mortality at mid-term (48.4% vs 46.8%) or long-term followup (83.2% vs 81.5%). Arthroplasty was associated with a lower risk of reoperation at mid-term (7.2% vs 39.8%; relative risk [RR] = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.06–0.07) and at long-term followup (14.3% vs 43.8%; RR = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.06–0.07). Arthroplasty was associated with better functional recovery at mid-term followup (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.02–1.09), whereas function at long-term followup (SMD = 0.14; 95% CI, −0.35 to 0.62) was not different between the arthroplasty and internal fixation groups. There were no significant differences in subsequent ipsilateral fractures (1.5% vs 1.2%; RR = 2.18; 95% CI, 0.32–14.67; p = 0.42) and deep infections (2.7% vs 2.9%; RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.40–2.01; p = 0.78) between patients treated with arthroplasty and internal fixation.

Conclusions

Based on our results, we found that compared with internal fixation, arthroplasty may result in a lower rate of subsequent reoperation at mid- and long-term followup, and better mid-term functional recovery. Future studies should investigate the mid- and long-term results of THAs compared with hemiarthroplasty.     

促进肩袖止点腱骨愈合的研究进展

肩袖修补术是肩袖撕裂常用的治疗方式,能有效缓解肩关节疼痛,改善肩关节的活动,但肩袖修补术后肩袖再撕裂的发生率依然很高,主要原因在于肩袖修补术后肩袖止点处腱—骨愈合差,不能恢复原有的组织学结构和生物力学性能。因此,如何有效提高肩袖止点处腱骨愈合是解决此类问题的关键。目前随着人们对于肩袖止点研究的不断深入,各类治疗方法在改善肩袖止点腱骨愈合方面取得了较大的进展。本文将从影响肩袖止点处腱骨愈合的因素、肩袖止点处腱骨界面的恢复以利于肩袖腱骨愈合以及组织工程学在腱骨愈合中的应用3个方面阐述近几年关于肩袖腱骨愈合的研究进展,以期为肩袖撕裂的临床治疗提供一定的指导。     

复发性肩关节前脱位伴骨缺损的治疗进展

复发性肩关节前脱位伴骨缺损是肩关节常见疾病之一。如何有效地修复关节盂骨缺损,降低肩关节脱位复发率是临床医师关注的问题。骨移植术能够发挥骨刺激作用,促进骨再生和骨重塑,恢复关节盂的正常解剖结构。其中,Bristow-Latarjet术是治疗复发性肩关节脱位的经典术式,Latarjet术能够修复更大的关节盂骨缺损,但对手术医师的操作要求更高;自体髂骨移植术是Latarjet术失败后翻修的首选方案;骨软骨移植术(自体和异体)在重建原始关节面和预防关节退行性改变方面有一定的优势,但自体骨软骨移植术会造成二次损伤,而异体骨软骨移植术的免疫排斥难以避免。随着复合材料的改进,对骨再生、重塑机制的探究,以及结合骨移植术的优缺点,组织工程技术将来有可能成为治疗关节盂骨缺损的重要方法。     

外源性血管内皮生长因子对损伤脊髓的作用

目的 研究外源性血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)局部应用对大鼠损伤脊髓神经组织的作用.方法采用改良Allen氏重量打击法大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型.脊髓打击性损伤后,将模型大鼠随机分组,并依组别在蛛网膜下腔分别给药.A组:生理盐水10μL,B组:Matrigel蛋白胶10 μL,C组:重组人VEGF165 0.2 μg+Matr...     

光学运动捕捉技术在肩关节生物力学中的研究进展

肩关节是全身最灵活、活动范围最大的关节,运动模式比较复杂。肩关节在三维空间的运动数据的捕捉对于肩关节生物力学的研究非常重要,光学运动捕捉系统可以无创伤、无辐射地对肩关节在复杂运动过程中的运动数据进行捕捉,从而进行进一步进行肩关节生物力学分析。本文从测量原理,减少皮肤软组织伪影的数据处理的方法,影响测量结果的因素及在肩关节疾病中的应用,来对临床上光学捕捉在肩关节的应用提供一定的参考。     

宝石能谱CT在骨骼系统中的应用进展

【摘要】宝石能谱CT是由传统CT转型而成的新型CT,球管可进行高、低能量X线瞬时切换,弥补了常规CT的缺点,有助于进一步区分不同组织成分。近年来能谱CT成像在骨质疏松程度的诊断,关节置换术后检查,痛风结石诊断与鉴别,骨髓瘤与骨转移瘤、骨岛的鉴别,骨损伤程度的诊断以及肌腱病变的诊断等方面的应用研究均取得了一定进展。虽然能谱CT成像对于骨密度的诊断尚无定论,有待进一步探究,但是从多方面综合评价,能谱CT成像对骨骼系统疾病的评估有巨大价值。本文将从以上几个方面对能谱CT在骨骼系统疾病中的应用进展进行综述。     

Ⅰ期同侧人工髋膝关节置换术的疗效分析

目的 :探讨Ⅰ期同侧人工髋、膝关节置换术治疗髋、膝关节病的临床疗效。方法:自2008年1月至2016年9月,采用Ⅰ期同侧人工髋、膝关节置换术治疗7例髋、膝关节病患者,男4例,女3例;年龄47～68岁;病程6～29年;其中类风湿性关节炎3例,强直性脊柱炎3例,老年性髋膝关节炎1例。观察并记录患者的手术时间、出血量、住院期间局部伤口情况,并分别采用Harris髋关节评分和膝关节HSS评分进行髋膝关节功能评分。结果:7例患者均获随访,时间6～24个月。患者手术时间297～362 min,出血量300～780 ml。Harris髋关节评分由术前的27.67～39.11分提高至术后6个月的75.32～85.10分,其中良3例,可4例;膝关节HSS评分由术前的40.90～51.36分提高至术后6个月的73.56～85.33分,其中优1例,良6例。7例患者术后均未出现假体周围骨折、假体无菌性松动、假体周围感染。结论:Ⅰ期同侧髋、膝关节置换术治疗同侧髋、膝关节疾病患者可以尽早及最大程度地恢复髋、膝关节功能,使患者早期下床负重,有效降低患者长期卧床而产生的并发症,提高患者生存质量及满意度,但是Ⅰ期双关节置换术技术要求高,同时需加强围手术期的管理,严格掌握适应证。     

关节镜自体骨软骨移植治疗复发性肩关节前脱位早期疗效

目的:探讨关节镜自体骨软骨移植治疗复发性肩关节前脱位的早期疗效.方法:选取2019年1月至2021年1月行关节镜自体骨软骨移植治疗复发性肩关节前脱位的患者17例,其中男12例,女5例,年龄17～55(32.88±12.33)岁.比较术前、术后6个月、末次随访时Rowe肩关节不稳评分(Rowes rating syste...     

ERK5和MMP-9在骨肉瘤中的表达及其临床意义

  目的  探讨细胞外信号调节激酶5（extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5,ERK5）蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metallo proteinase-9,MMP-9）在骨肉瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义。  方法  选取71例骨肉瘤组织和40例正常骨组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测ERK5和MMP-9的表达,并分析ERK5和MMP-9的表达与骨肉瘤患者临床病理特征及预后之间的关系。  结果  骨肉瘤组织中ERK5和MMP-9阳性表达率分别为85.9%（61/71）、74.65%（53/71）,均明显高于正常骨组织中阳性表达率12.5%（5/40）、10.0%（4/40）,差异均具有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。ERK5和MMP-9的阳性表达与Enneking分期和转移相关（均P < 0.05）。Ka-plan-Meier生存分析显示在骨肉瘤组织中ERK5、MMP-9的阳性表达组患者生存时间均短于阴性表达组（均P < 0.05）。单因素Cox回归分析发现,肿瘤大小、Enneking分期、转移、ERK5和MMP-9阳性表达与患者总生存时间相关（均P < 0.05）;多因素分析证实Enneking分期、转移、ERK5和MMP-9蛋白的阳性表达可作为骨肉瘤患者独立的预后因子（均P < 0.05）。  结论  ERK5和MMP-9在骨肉瘤组织中高表达,与骨肉瘤的病理特征及预后相关;二者可能在骨肉瘤发生发展的过程中起着重要作用。