纤畅茶对小鼠通便作用考察

目的:研究纤畅茶对便秘模型小鼠通便作用的影响。方法:将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和低、中、高剂量组(2.275,4.55,13.65 g·kg^-1)。分别灌胃给予生理盐水和纤畅茶14 d后,模型对照组和3个剂量组用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,观察纤畅茶对小鼠体质量、小肠推进运动和给药后6 h内排便的影响。结果:13.65 g·kg^-1剂量可显著提高肠蠕动抑制模型小鼠的小肠墨汁推进率（P<0.05）,显著缩短便秘小鼠排首粒黑便时间（P<0.05）,4.55,13.65 g·kg^-1剂量可显著增加便秘小鼠排粪便量（P<0.05）,各剂量对便秘小鼠的排便粒数无显著影响（P>0.05）。各剂量不使小鼠发生腹泻,且对小鼠的体质量增长无显著影响。结论:纤畅茶对小鼠具有通便功能。     

医院耗材成本管控的主要环节与技术手段

随着取消公立医疗机构医用耗材加成落地,医院实施耗材成本管控是医院精细化管理的需要。笔者从耗材准入、采购、仓储、使用、监督评价5个阶段浅议耗材成本管控的方法。提出公立医院应实施医用耗材全过程管控,借助规范化的管理方法和互联网物联网等新技术加强耗材管理,实现可追溯管理,降低运营成本。公立医院在具体实施耗材管控中应全员参与、提升信息化水平和完善激励约束机制。     

Factors associated with postpartum women's knowledge,attitude and practice regarding human milk banks and milk donation: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundBreast milk is the optimal method of human nutrition, and donor human milk is often needed to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and septicemia in preterm infants and improve their survival rate. Donor human milk is recommended as the first alternative when mothers’ milk is not available. The establishment of human milk banks is of great significance to promote the breastfeeding of preterm infants. However, there are insufficient studies on human milk banks and milk donation in China.Objectives(1) To investigate postpartum women's knowledge, attitude and practice regarding human milk banks and milk donation and to analyze the influencing factors. (2) To explore reasons why postpartum women reject milk donation and donor milk.Design and settingsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2019 to July 2019 at two hospitals in Wuhan, a large city in central China.ParticipantsMothers who returned to hospital for postpartum follow-up within six months participated in this survey (N = 1078).MethodsQuestionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic data and to determine participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding human milk banks and milk donation.FindingsOf the respondents, 216 (20%) had prior knowledge of human milk banks and milk donation. For the sub-domain of knowledge, the item with the highest correct response rate was the benefit of breast milk, and the item with the lowest correct rate was the acceptance of donor human milk. For the sub-domain of attitude, 811(75.3%) of participants held a supportive attitude for the establishment of human milk banks, and 877(81.3%) were supportive of donating breast milk while 412 (38.3%) were supportive of accepting donor human milk. For the sub-domain of practice, the practice of milk donation was not optimistic as participants lacked interest in donating breast milk and spreading knowledge of breast milk banks, and only 28.3% of participants indicated that they would donate breast milk continuously. Participants’ age, educational background, weight of the newborn and having prior knowledge of human milk banks were factors that could positively predict their knowledge, attitude and practice associated with human milk banks and milk donation; medication usage during pregnancy or lactation was a factor negatively predicting their knowledge about human milk banks and milk donation.ConclusionThis study reveals that a majority of postpartum women are supportive of human milk banks and more willing to donate breast milk than receive donor milk. Lack of knowledge about human milk banks and safety concerns are the main factors hindering postpartum women from donating or accepting donor milk. Findings suggest that it is important to enhance public awareness regarding human milk banks as potential resources for life-saving therapy for preterm infants.This information should be disseminated during the early stage of the establishment of human milk banks. Moreover, health education of pregnant women should include the importance of human milk as well as the alternative and safety of donor milk from milk banks, especially for promoting the health of preterm infants and infants who are unable to receive mothers’ breastmilk.     

The effects of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism on glioma susceptibility: a meta-analysis

The potentially functional polymorphism Arg72Pro in p53 gene has been implicated in glioma risk, but published studies have mixed findings. The aim of current investigation was to identify whether p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of glioma. By searching the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, our meta-analysis included ten eligible studies consisting of 2,645 glioma cases and 3,920 control subjects. The association between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and glioma risk was assessed by summarizing the odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). We found that there was no overall risk of glioma in relation to any genetic model of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism. Similar results were implicated in the analyses which are subgrouped by ethnicity and source of controls. This nonsignificant association remained stable when analyses were restrained to the studies consistent with HWE. In conclusion, our meta-analysis, based on the combined data from published papers before May 2013, reveals no evidence for significant association between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and glioma risk.     

Rare mutations in the CYP21A2 gene detected in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify and determine the frequencies of rare CYP21A2 gene mutations in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) in the Cypriot population.Design and methodsDirect sequencing and MLPA analysis of the CYP21A2 gene.ResultsA group of families with 21-OHD were screened for the presence of rare CYP21A2 gene mutations. The rare V304M missense mutation was detected as compound heterozygous in two females with the nonclassical (NC) form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The rare F306insT was also detected in a female with severe salt wasting in the homozygous state and in cis in both alleles with the V281L mutation. Lastly, the rare A391T missense mutation was reported in a female patient with NC-CAH. A carrier rate of 2.1% for the V304M was also observed in a cohort of healthy controls.ConclusionsThe frequency of V304M mutation among Cypriots is high and the first reported so far and patients characterized as compound heterozygotes or heterozygotes are most readily identified by a mild phenotype of CAH. Thus, V304M should be included in the panel of mutations associated with the NC forms of 21-OHD.     

不同时间电针对急性脑出血大鼠氧化应激反应的影响

目的观察不同时间点针刺治疗对急性脑出血大鼠氧化应激反应的影响。方法Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为7组,正常组、模型组（模型1组、模型2组、模型3组、模型4组）、3h电针组和72h电针组,采用胶原酶Ⅶ诱发大鼠尾壳核脑出血模型。3h电针组和72h电针组分别于造模后3h、72h时开始针刺,每日1次,共针刺5次。检测血红素氧合酶-1（Heme0xygenase-1,HO-1）和血红素氧合酶-2（Heme0xygenase-2,HO—2）。结果造模后脑组织内见大量脑出血,神经纤维缠结、断裂：3h电针组脑组织仍可见泡沫细胞浸润及出血：72h电针组脑组织内坏死灶明显缩小、小胶质细胞浸润、极少量出血。正常大鼠脑组织均有HO—1和HO—2表达,脑出血大鼠HO-1表达明显增高,并与时问变化有-定联系。3h电针组、72h电针组HO-1均降低,两组之间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。造模后5d大鼠脑组织内未出现HO-2表达,造模后8d出现表达,3h电针组、72h电针组均出现HO—2表达,72h电针组较3h电针组高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论电针可以改善急性脑出血后脑组织出血状况,降低脑出血后氧化应激反应,对急性脑出血后神经元损伤有-定的修复作用。脑出血后72h电针比3h电针疗效好,提示急性期脑出血早期应该慎重选择电针治疗。     

Tick (Acari: Ixodoidea) fauna and zoogeographic division of Jiangxi Province,China

Tick fauna and zoogeographic distribution of Jiangxi Province remain largely unknown due to the lack of data on distribution, occurrence, and host associations of ticks. Considering this, we collected 1,817 individual samples from natural hosts, humans, and vegetation in 18 counties/districts throughout Jiangxi Province, China, from 2015 to 2021. These 1,817 individuals were found to 13 tick species, 4 genera, and 1 family. In addition, the tick sample data from 8 sampling localities (counties and districts) reported in previous studies were also included in our data. A total of 4,021 individuals, including our sample collection and the previously reported data, were assigned to at least 18 species, 6 genera, and 2 families. One newly recorded species Dermacentor sp. (near D. steini Schulze) was found; three misidentified species (Ixodes acuminatus, Haemaphysalis spinigera, and Haemaphysalis verticalis) reported previously were deleted; and one misidentified species Dermacentor auratus Supino was revised as Dermacentor steini Schulze. In addition, we divided the tick fauna in Jiangxi Province into 5 zoogeographic areas and assigned the 18 tick species collected from 26 localities to these 5 zoogeographic areas. To summarize, our findings provide valuable information on the distribution, tick-host associations, and zoogeographic division of ticks in Jiangxi Province, China. Their molecular characterizations, phylogenetic relationships, and tick-borne pathogens that they may transmit should be further explored.