2009年山西省部分煤矿工人生存质量调查

[目的]了解山西省煤矿工人的生存质量状况。[方法]2009年7月,在山西省分层整群随机抽取7家煤矿部分班组的工人2 058名,应用SF-36生存质量量表进行测评。[结果]调查2 058人,SF-36生存质量得分,PF维度为87.5±15.9,RP维度为71.6±36.6,BP维度为77.2±20.2,GH维度为68.1±21.9,VT维度为61.8±19.4,SF维度为79.3±18.9,RE维度为72.6±37.7,MH维度为64.7±15.9;PF、GH、VT、MH维度得分。山西省煤矿工人PF、GH、VT和MH维度得分高于杭州市一般人群(P<0.01),RP、BP、SF、RE维度得分低于杭州市一般人群(P<0.01);山西省煤矿工人与四川省一般人群比较,GH维度得分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他7个维度得分均较低(P<0.01)。调查的2 058名煤矿工人中,与1年前相比,感觉自身健康好的占20.04%,差不多的占55.34%,差的占24.62%。[结论]山西省煤矿工人生存质量整体状况较差。     

2006～2009年太原市某区肺结核流行分布

[目的]讨论太原市某区结核病流行状况,提出有效的防治措施,为制定结核病防治决策提供科学依据。[方法]对2006~2009年太原市某区疾病预防控制中心结核病报告登记卡收集4年间该区结核病疫情,采用流行病学回顾性调查研究方法,对报告的结核病病例进行人群、时间、地区分布情况的流行病学分析。[结果]2006~2009年年均报告发病率为64.87/10万、感染率为65.44%。其中涂阳病人714例,占总发病人数的53.44%。在涂阳病例中,新发的病例667例,占93.42%。性别、年龄、发病季节、地区均存在一定的差异性。各月均有发病,6~10月多发。15~24岁组发病最多,且男性多于女性。职业分布以农民、学生和务工人员居多。[结论]通过对太原市某区2006~2009年结核病病例的流行病学进行分析,确定了高发人群及流行季节,为做好高危人群的筛查工作奠定了基础。     

Relationship between retail food outlets near public schools and adolescent obesity in New York City

Using objectively-measured height and weight data from academic years 2009–2013 (n = 1,114,010 student-year observations), we estimated the association between the food outlet in closest proximity to schools and the likelihood of obesity among New York City public high school students. Obesity risk was higher for students with a corner store as the nearest option to schools, regardless of whether other food outlet types were located within a quarter mile or a half mile of schools (i.e., benchmarks for zoning policies). Policymakers may want to consider introducing healthier food options near schools, in conjunction with programs to support changes within corner stores.     

Neutralizing antibody activity,safety and immunogenicity of human anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibody (Ormutivimab) in Chinese healthy adults: A phase Ⅱb randomized,double-blind,parallel-controlled study

ObjectiveThis study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trail to evaluate the rabies virus neutralizing activity（RVNA）, safety and immunogenicity of Ormutivimab + rabies vaccine in Chinese healthy adults.MethodsSubjects were randomly and equally assigned to 4 groups (20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine, 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine, 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine, and placebo + vaccine). Subjects received vaccine as the WHO Essen regime combined with Omutivimab、HRIG or placebo on Day 0. The study lasted for 43 days.ResultsA total of 240 subjects were simultaneously assigned to both FAS and SS. Fifty subjects with baseline RVNA > 0.05 IU/ml (detection limit) were excluded, 190 were included into mITT.All the subjects from 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine group had a protection level of RNVA (≥0.5 IU/ml, WHO) on Day 14, and those in 20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine group and placebo + vaccine group converted positive 100 % on Day 28. In contrast to 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine and placebo + vaccine, Ormutivimab + vaccine provided a higher RVNA during Days 0 to 7. And RVNA in 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine and 20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine groups were always higher than 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine group during the whole study. Although anti-Omtv antibody were detected in some subjects, it did not influence the RVNA. The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in 20 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine group (17.2 %) than in 40 IU/kg Omtv + vaccine (36.7 %) and 20 IU/kg HRIG + vaccine groups (40.3 %).ConclusionCompared with HRIG + vaccine and placebo + vaccine, Omtv + vaccine provided higher RNVA for earlier immune protection. The interference of Ormutivimab on the long-term immune protection induced by rabies vaccine is weaker than HRIG. At the same dose, the adverse reactions of Omtv + vaccine group were less than HRIG + vaccine group.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02559921.     

Acquisition of Streptococcus pneumoniae in South African children vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine at 6, 14 and 40 weeks of age

BackgroundSeven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the South African immunization program using 6, 14 and 40 weeks dosing schedule (2 + 1), with no catch-up in older children since April 2009. We investigated pneumococcal colonization acquisition in children who received this schedule and also compared it to historical cohorts of PCV-naïve children (n = 123 in 2007) and children who received a 3 + 1 PCV7 schedule (n = 124 in 2005/06).MethodsTwo hundred and fifty children aged 6–12 weeks were enrolled from December 2009 to April 2010. Participants had nasopharyngeal swabs collected on eight occasions between enrolment and 2-years of age. Standard methods were undertaken for bacterial culture and Streptococcus pneumoniae were serotyped using the Quellung method. Pneumococcal and Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the present study was compared to colonization in two historical longitudinal cohorts.ResultsS. pneumoniae was identified in 1081 (61.4%) of 1761 swabs collected in the current cohort. Pneumococcal colonization peaked at 41-weeks of age (76.8%) and decreased to 62.8% by 2-years of age (p = 0.002); PCV7-serotype colonization decreased during the same period from 28.6% to 15.6% (p = 0.001). Children from the current cohort compared to PCV-naïve children were less likely to be colonized by PCV7-serotypes from 40-weeks to 2-years of age and acquired PCV7-serotypes less frequently. No differences in overall pneumococcal, PCV7-serotype and non-PCV7-serotype colonization or new serotype acquisitions were detected comparing the current cohort to the historical cohort who received the 3 + 1 PCV7 schedule. Staphylococcus aureus colonization was similar in all three cohorts.ConclusionA 2 + 1 PCV7 schedule implemented in South Africa was temporally associated with reduced risk of vaccine-serotype colonization compared to historically unvaccinated children. Also, vaccine-serotype acquisition rate using the 2 + 1 schedule was similar to that in the 3 + 1 dosing cohort, suggesting that similar indirect protection against pneumococcal disease could be derived from either schedule in South Africa.     

Multiple divergent Human mastadenovirus C co-circulating in mainland of China

The human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) cause respiratory infections in children. Homologous recombination was clearly involved in the molecular evolution of HAdV-A, B, and D, but little is known about the molecular evolution of HAdV-C. From 2000 to 2016, 201 HAdV-C strains were collected from nine provinces covering six administrative regions of mainland of China via 3 existing surveillance programs, namely the febrile respiratory syndrome surveillance, the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, and the hand, foot, and mouth disease surveillance system. The genes coding for the capsid protein (penton base, hexon, and fiber) of 201 HAdV-C strains were sequenced and compared with representative sequences publicly available. In addition, the whole genome sequence of 24 representative strains of HAdV-C was generated for further recombination analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the penton base sequences of HAdV-C revealed six genetic groups (labelled as Px1–6), which showed that the penton base had more variation than previously thought. Based on the penton base, hexon, and fiber gene sequences, 16 new genetic patterns of HAdV-C circulating in mainland of China were identified in this study. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed frequent recombination events among HAdV-C genomes. This study is highly beneficial for case classification, tracking the transmission chain, and further epidemiological exploration of HAdV-C-related severe clinical diseases in the near future. Our data demonstrated that multiple newly divergent HAdV-C co-circulated across mainland China during the research period.     

山西省不同性别人群膳食模式与高血压关系

  目的   按性别分层探讨膳食模式与高血压的关系。   方法   采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,对山西省2 667名男性和2 982名女性开展膳食营养调查,通过包含64个食物组的食物频率调查问卷（food frequency questionnaire,FFQ）评估各食物的摄入量,并用因子分析法提取并命名膳食模式。在不同性别人群中,采用Logistic回归分析模型分析高血压与膳食模式的关系。   结果   男性提取出4个膳食模式,分别是高蛋白模式、高脂甜食模式、谷薯腌菜模式、蔬菜水果模式;女性提取出5个膳食模式,分别是低碳水化合物模式、谷物蔬菜模式、高蛋白模式、高脂甜食模式、薯类腌菜模式。其中,有3个相似的膳食模式,分别为高蛋白模式、高脂甜食模式、谷薯腌菜模式。Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,男性高脂甜食模式OR=1.361（95% CI:1.069~1.732,P=0.012）,女性低碳水化合物模式OR=1.357（95% CI:1.064~1.731,P=0.014）。   结论   不同性别人群膳食模式与高血压关系存在一定差异。其中,男性的高脂甜食模式和女性的低碳水化合物模式可能会增加高血压的患病风险。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定小麦中的8种元素

目的利用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定小麦中Pb、Cd、As、Cr、Se、Ni、Al、Cu的含量。方法样品经过微波消解后,用ICP-MS法同时测定小麦中Pb、Cd、As、Cr、Se、Ni、Al、Cu的含量,以45 Sc、72Ge、103Rh、209Bi作为内标元素采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定,用标准曲线法进行定量。结果小麦中Pb、Cd、As、Cr、Se、Ni、Al、Cu的回收率在95.6%~106.8%,线性相关系数(r)≥0.9995,Pb、Cd、As、Cr、Se、Ni、Al、Cu的检出限分别为0.0049μg/L、0.0023μg/L、0.012μg/L、0.016μg/L、0.026μg/L、0.0099μg/L、0.0070μg/L、0.0027μg/L;生物成分分析标准物质(小麦)的各元素的测定结果均在标准值不确定度范围内;同时对3份小麦样品进行连续6次测定,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)≤5%。结论本法线性范围宽、抗干扰能力强、测定周期短,完全满足分析的要求,适用于日常样品的检测。