Primary site disease and recurrence location in ovarian cancer patients undergoing primary debulking surgery vs. interval debulking surgery

IntroductionThe natural history and patterns of ovarian cancer (OC) relapse are still unclear. Recurrent disease can be peritoneal, parenchymal, or nodal. This study aims to analyze the location and pattern of OC recurrence according to the primary site of disease and to the type of surgical approach used.Material and methodsAll OC patients underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS), with 2014 FIGO stage III-IV, and with platinum-sensitive recurrence were included in the study. Primary disease location and site of recurrences were divided into peritoneal, parenchymal, and nodal, according to the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, parenchymal metastasis, and nodal involvement, respectively.ResultsA total of 355 patients were initially considered; of them, 295 met the inclusion criteria. Two hundred thirty-three patients obtained no macroscopic residual tumor at the end of primary surgical treatment. Primary parenchymal disease relapsed in 84.6% cases at a parenchymal site (p < 0.001), 97.2% of peritoneal diseases relapsed on the peritoneum (p < 0.001), and 100% of nodal diseases had a nodal recurrence (p < 0.001). Stratifying by the surgical approach all these correlations have been confirmed both in the PDS (p < 0.001) and IDS (p < 0.001) groups.ConclusionOur study shows that the site of relapse in cases of platinum-sensitive OC recurrence is closely related to the primary location of the disease, regardless of the type of initial treatment. Therefore, more attention during followup should be paid to areas where the initial tumor was present.     

Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the postoperative pathology of locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinomas: 1:1 propensity score matching analysis

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative pathology for stage IB2 and IIA2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsPostoperative pathology was compared between patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy (NACT group) and patients who received upfront radical hysterectomy (URH group). Then, patients in the NACT group were divided into a chemotherapy-sensitive group and a chemotherapy-insensitive group according to their response to chemotherapy.ResultsAfter 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), the positive rates of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (7.9% vs 17.7%, P = 0.001) and cervical deep stromal invasion (60.4% vs 76.2%, P < 0.001) in the NACT group were significantly lower than those in the URH group, while the positive rates of parametrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, and vaginal margin invasion were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of positive lymph node metastasis in the chemotherapy-sensitive group was significantly lower than that in the URH group (18.1% vs 26.5%, P = 0.037).ConclusionAmong patients with stage IB2 and IIA2 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, NACT can reduce the positive rate of intermediate-risk factors, such as deep cervical stromal invasion and LVSI, but cannot reduce the positive rate of high-risk factors. For patients who are chemotherapy sensitive, NACT can reduce the positive rate of lymph node metastasis.     

Long-term presence of angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibody reduces aldosterone production by triggering Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript> overload in H295R cells

Preeclamptic women are reported to have inadequate plasma volume expansion coupled with a suppressed secretion of aldosterone; however, the specific mechanism of preeclampsia remains unclear. We demonstrated that the presence of long-term angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) reduces aldosterone production by triggering a Ca²⁺ overload in H295R cells. AT1-AA was discovered in preeclamptic women and reported to activate AT₁R, and consequently elevate intracellular Ca²⁺. We found that AT1-AA significantly prolonged the time of intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation. Besides promoting aldosterone production as a second messenger, Ca²⁺ overload shows a cytotoxic effect. Our data reveals that long-term presence of AT1-AA triggered a Ca²⁺ overload and consequent impairment of aldosterone production, which could be prevented by a PKC inhibitor, Gö 6983, or a calcium channel inhibitor, nifedipine. These findings have clinical significance because AT₁R blockers are not recommended for treatment of preeclampsia due to their potential harm to the fetus. Our findings also emphasize a potential clinical benefit of immunoadsorption or neutralization of AT1-AA in preeclamptic women.     

辛伐他汀联合依折麦布对急性心肌梗死患者T淋巴细胞亚群比例影响的研究

目的：比较辛伐他汀联合依折麦布和单用辛伐他汀治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者外周血CD4 CD28- 调节T细胞和CD4 CD25 FoxP3 调节T细胞比例的影响,探讨依折麦布联合辛伐他汀在AMI中的作用。方法：选择2014年4月-2014年11月在山西省心血管病医院重症监护室住院并治疗的AMI患者40例,随机分为对照组及实验组,对照组（n=20例）给予辛伐他汀40mg 每晚1次,实验组（n=20例）给予辛伐他汀40mg 每晚1次联合依折麦布10mg 每日1次。所有患者分别于治疗前及治疗后15天通过流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4 CD28- T细胞及CD4 CD25 FoxP3 T 细胞占CD4 T 细胞比例。结果:对照组治疗前CD4 CD28-T细胞占CD4 T细胞百分比(95.41±5.24)%与治疗15天后 (95.07±2.24 )%比较差异无统计学意义( P > 0.05),实验组治疗前CD4 CD28-T细胞占CD4 T细胞百分比(93.55±6.43)%较治疗15天后( 91.72±4.98) %下降,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.05);对照组治疗前CD4 CD25 FoxP3 T 细胞占CD4 T细胞百分比(0.81±0.79)%与治疗15天后 (0.86±0.86)%比较差异无统计学意义 ( P > 0.05),实验组治疗前CD4 CD25 FoxP3 T 细胞占CD4 T细胞百分比(0.85±0.87)%与治疗15天后 (0.62±0.57)%比较差异无统计学意义 ( P > 0.05)。结论：AMI患者应用辛伐他汀联合依折麦布治疗可下调外周血CD4 CD28-T 淋巴细胞而对CD4 CD25 FoxP3 T淋巴细胞无明显影响。     

穴位注射结合开塞露纳肛治疗腹部术后早期炎症性肠梗阻临床观察

目的:观察穴位注射结合开塞露纳肛治疗腹部术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法:将35例患者分为两组:治疗组19例,采用常规西医治疗,加双侧足三里穴位注射甲氧氯普胺+50%葡萄糖,结合开塞露纳肛;对照组16例,采用西医治疗。观察治疗3 d后两组患者的临床疗效。结果:两组疗效比较,治疗组在消除临床症状等方面与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:穴位注射结合开塞露纳肛治疗腹部术后早期炎症性肠梗阻疗效肯定,操作简单方便、实用性强、效果满意。     

Interaction Between AT1 Receptor and NF-κB in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Contributes to Oxidative Stress and Sympathoexcitation by Modulating Neurotransmitters in Heart Failure

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play important roles in heart failure (HF); however, the central mechanisms by which AT1-R and NF-κB contribute to sympathoexcitation in HF are yet unclear. In this study, we determined whether interaction between AT1-R and NF-κB in the PVN modulates neurotransmitters and contributes to NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation in HF. Rats were implanted with bilateral PVN cannulae and subjected to coronary artery ligation or sham surgery (SHAM). Subsequently, animals were treated for 4 weeks through bilateral PVN infusion with either vehicle or losartan (LOS, 10 μg/h), an AT1-R antagonist; or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 5 μg/h), a NF-κB inhibitor via osmotic minipump. Myocardial infarction (MI) rats had higher levels of glutamate (Glu), norepinephrine (NE) and NF-κB p65 activity, lower levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and more positive neurons for phosphorylated IKKβ and gp91^phox (a subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase) in the PVN when compared to SHAM rats. MI rats also had higher levels of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and plasma proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), NE and epinephrine. PVN infusions of LOS or PDTC attenuated the decreases in GABA and the increases in gp91^phox, NF-κB activity, Glu and NE, in the PVN of HF rats. PVN infusions of LOS or PDTC also attenuated the increases in RSNA and plasma PICs, NE and epinephrine in MI rats. These findings suggest that interaction between AT1 receptor and NF-κB in the PVN contributes to oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation by modulating neurotransmitters in heart failure.     

冠心病介入诊疗术后并发症的临床观察及护理

冠心病是成人最为常见的缺血性心脏疾病,目前治疗冠心病的方法有3种,即单纯药物治疗、手术搭桥、冠状动脉成形及支架植入术。经皮冠状动脉介入诊疗术(PCI)是目前诊断治疗冠心病的重要方法之一,具有创伤小、安全、成功率高、恢复快、病人容易接受等优点。但是,该项技术也存在一些并发症,如血管并发症、心律失常、心绞痛等。充分认识所发生并发症的危险因素,积极预防并发症的发生,寻找良好的护理措施,减轻并发症的危害是临床护理工作中必须认真对待的课题。     

经组织多普勒筛选的右束支传导阻滞心力衰竭患者行心脏再同步化治疗的疗效

目的观察经组织多普勒(TDI)筛选的右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)的心力衰竭患者行心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)的效果。方法 8例心力衰竭合并RBBB患者接受了CRT,其中5例并发左侧束支的部分阻滞(LHB),3例为单纯RBBB,所有患者符合CRT治疗的I类适应证,并在CRT治疗前应用TDI进行了严格筛选,所有患者均存在心室间及室内收缩不协调,左室电极尽量放置在收缩最延迟处,观察患者术后症状及超声指标改善情况。结果 CRT术后6个月随访,所有患者均存活,其中5例并发LHB患者及1例单纯RBBB患者NYHA心功能分级改善至少1级,射血分数改善大于5%,其余2例单纯RBBB患者对CRT治疗无反应,NYHA心功能分级未改善,射血分数改善小于5%。结论经TDI筛选的RBBB心力衰竭患者可从CRT治疗中获益,但获益的患者多数合并有LHB,而只有较少单纯RBBB患者从CRT获益。     

Reduced Relative Lymphocyte Count in African-Americans With Decompensated Heart Failure

BackgroundA reduction in relative lymphocyte count (%L) has been reported in whites with heart failure that inversely correlated with jugular venous pressure thereby implicating systemic venous hypertension with splanchnic congestion.ObjectivesTo study whether a reduced %L (<20%) occurs in African-Americans (AA) with heart failure and to address pathophysiologic mechanisms having the potential to influence lymphocyte biology and survival, we monitored patients with or without systemic venous hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, hypovitaminosis D, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsIn 131 AA (90 men; 53 ± 12 years): 113 were hospitalized, 50 with decompensated biventricular failure (DecompHF), 24 with acute left heart failure, and 39 with heart disease, but no heart failure (HDNHF); and 18 were outpatients with compensated heart failure. At the time of admission or outpatient visit, we monitored: white blood cell count and %L; and serum albumin, 25(OH)D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH).ResultsWhite blood cell count did not differ among the groups, whereas %L was reduced only in those with DecompHF (15 ± 1%; P < 0.05) versus 25 ± 2% with left heart failure, 29 ± 1% in HDNHF, and 28 ± 3% in compensated heart failure. Serum albumin was reduced in DecompHF (2.8 ± 0.1; P < 0.05), but not in any of the other groups. Reduced 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL), in keeping with hypovitaminosis D, was found in all AA, whereas elevated serum PTH (>65 pg/mL) was found only in those with DecompHF (123 ± 22 pg/mL).ConclusionsA relative lymphocytopenia, together with hypoalbuminemia and elevated PTH, were found only in hospitalized AA with DecompHF. These findings implicate splanchnic congestion and the enteric loss of lymphocytes and albumin with an associated secondary hyperparathyroidism.