儿童脓毒症与噬血细胞综合征的临床异同关系

儿童脓毒症是严重感染所致的宿主免疫反应失调,噬血细胞综合征(HLH)是自然杀伤细胞/细胞毒性T细胞过度激活导致的过度免疫活化综合征,两种疾病都可导致危及生命的多器官功能障碍,临床特征既有相似又存在差异,且脓毒症可能进展为HLH,HLH也可继发脓毒症。本文就脓毒症和HLH的临床异同关系进行综述,为临床医生提供更深入的认识。     

Clinical analysis of liver transplantation in autoimmune liver diseases

Background: Autoimmune liver diseases(ALDs) consist of autoimmune hepatitis(AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC), Ig G4-associated cholangitis and overlap syndromes.Patients with these diseases may gradually progress to end-stage liver diseases and need liver transplantation. The present study aimed to explore the prognosis of patients with ALDs after liver transplantation.Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with ALD(24 cases of AIH, 35 of PBC, 15 of PSC and 6 of AIHPBC overlap syndromes) who underwent liver transplantation in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2004 to September 2016 were collected retrospectively. The causes of death were analyzed and the postoperative cumulative survival rate was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Recurrence and other complications were also analyzed.Results: Of the 80 patients, 18 were males and 62 were females. The average age was 50.5 years and the average Model for End-stage Liver Disease(MELD) score was 14.1. After a median follow-up of 19.8 months, 8 patients died. The 1-, 3-and 5-year cumulative survival rates were all 89.0%. Three cases of recurrent ALDs were diagnosed(3.8%) but they were not totally consistent with primary diseases. Biliary tract complication occurred in 10 patients(12.5%). The new onset of tumor was observed in 1 patient(1.3%). De novo HBV/CMV/EBV infection was found in 3, 8 and 3 patients, respectively.Conclusion: Liver transplantation is an effective and safe treatment for end-stage ALD.     

The effects of ALA-PDT on microbiota in pilosebaceous units of patients with severe acne: A metagenomic study

Background5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is increasingly used to control severe acne. However, its impact on skin microbiota remains uncertain.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the makeup, diversity, and function of the microbiota in pilosebaceous units of patients with severe acne before and after ALA-PDT.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study was performed on 11 participants with severe facial acne. All patients were given 5%ALA-PDT every two weeks for three sessions in total. The contents of lesions were sampled for metagenomic sequencing at baseline and two weeks after the first ALA-PDT session.ResultsCutibacterium acnes was the most dominant species followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Treatment with ALA-PDT led to clinical improvements in acne severity concurrent with a significant reduction in the relative abundance of C. acnes, while P. fluorescens increased significantly after ALA-PDT. No significant change was identified in other species. ALA-PDT administration was associated with an increased microbiota diversity and reductions in the relative abundance of the functional genes involved in energy metabolism and DNA replication.ConclusionsALA-PDT plays a therapeutic role by killing C. acnes, increasing P. fluorescens and the microbiome diversity, while inhibiting the function of microbiota in pilosebaceous units of severe acne.     

七例Alström综合征的ALMS1基因变异分析

目的对7例Alstr?m综合征患者的ALMS1基因进行变异分析,明确其致病原因,为临床诊断提供依据。方法提取7例患儿及其父母外周血DNA,对患儿进行全外显子组基因测序,应用Sanger测序对患儿及父母进行变异位点验证及致病性分析。结果基因测序结果显示在7例患儿中检出12个ALMS1变异位点,分别是c.5418delC(p.Tyr1807Thrfs*23)、c.10549C>T(p.Gln3517*)、c.9145dupC(p.Thr3049Asnfs*12)、c.10819C>T(p.Arg3607*)、c.5701_5704delGAGA(p.Glu1901Argfs*18)、c.9154_9155delCT(p.Cys3053Serfs*9)、c.9460delG(p.Val3154*)、c.9379C>T(p.Gln3127*)、c.12115C>T(p.Gln4039*)、c.1468dupA(p.Thr490Asnfs*15)、c.10825C>T(p.Arg3609*)和c.3902C>A(p.Ser1301*);其中7个为无义变异,5个为移码变异;c.9154_9155delCT、c.9460delG、c.9379C>T和c.1468dupA是未报道过的新变异。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会遗传变异分类标准与指南,c.9379C>T和c.12115C>T变异判定为可能致病性变异(PVS1+PM2)、其余10个变异均判定为致病性变异(PVS1+PM2+PP3+PP4)。结论ALMS1基因变异为这7例患儿的致病原因,基因检测可以为临床诊断提供依据,新变异的检出拓展了ALMS1变异谱。     

FLNA基因变异致额骨干骺端发育不良1型一例

目的探讨FLNA基因变异所致额骨干骺端发育不良1型(frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1,FMD1)的临床及遗传学特点。方法分析患儿的临床表型,应用全外显子测序技术对先证者进行致病基因变异筛查,用Sanger测序法对其父母进行验证。结果先证者男性,2岁9个月,表现为特殊面容:眉弓轻度突出、眼睑下斜、眼距宽,骨骼畸形:双下肢弯曲、右膝外翻、左膝内翻、双手食指及中指轻度畸形、小指屈曲挛缩,左肘关节活动受限。基因测序发现患儿FLNA基因存在错义变异c.3527G>A,p.Gly1176Glu(半合子),父母均未携带该变异。结论FLNA基因变异引起的FMD1在婴幼儿时期即可出现关节挛缩、长骨发育不良,并随年龄增长进展,需要长期随访治疗。本例患儿FLNA基因变异位点尚未见文献报道。     

基于独立成分分析的遗尿症儿童脑功能网络研究

目的:用独立成分分析（ICA）的方法对原发性单症状夜间遗尿症（PMNE）儿童的脑功能网络成分间连接进行研究。方法:采集35例PMNE儿童和25例健康儿童脑功能磁共振图像,通过ICA获得每个被试的脑功能网络成分,然后计算每个被试脑功能网络成分间的功能连接强度,比较PMNE儿童与健康对照组的强度差异。结果:与对照组对比,PMNE患者的右侧执行控制网络与默认模式网络、左侧执行控制网络均存在功能连接异常（FDR, P<0.05）。结论:PMNE儿童存在脑功能网络成分间的连接异常,这可能为理解PMNE儿童的病理机制提供一些新的影像学依据。     

Antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from pediatric hospitals in Mainland China: Report from the ISPED program, 2017–2019

PurposeThis study set out to determine the antimicrobial resistance trends of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from pediatric hospitals in Mainland China, which would provide basis for clinical treatment.MethodsThe Infectious Disease Surveillance of Pediatrics (ISPED) collaboration group conducted this study. H. influenzae strains isolated from nine pediatric hospitals in Mainland China were included. Disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Cefinase disc was used for detection of β-lactamase.ResultsIn total, 13810 H. influenzae isolates were included during 2017–2019: 93.17% of which were from respiratory tract specimens, 4.63% from vaginal swabs, 1.10% from secretion, and 1.10% from others. Of all strains, 63.32% isolates produced β-lactamase; 8.22% isolates were β-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR). The resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was 70.98%, followed by resistance to ampicillin (69.37%), cefuroxime (51.35%), ampicillin-sulbactam (38.82%), azithromycin (38.21%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (35.28%). More than 90% of H. influenzae isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The resistance rate of ampicillin and azithromycin in H. influenzae showed an increasing trend through the years. Statistically significant differences in antibiotic-resistance rates of all the antibiotics except chloramphenicol were found in different regions. The major Multi-Drug Resistance pattern was resistant to β-lactams, macrolides, and sulfonamides.ConclusionsThere is a rising trend of resistance rate of ampicillin and azithromycin in H. influenzae. Antimicrobial resistance of H. influenzae deserves our ongoing attention. Third-generation cephalosporin could be the preferred treatment option of infections caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae.