青少年近视的危险因素研究

目的 探讨睡眠质量、肥胖和环境因素与青少年近视的关联性,为预防青少年近视提供参考依据。 方法 以年龄和性别为匹配因素,177对研究对象进行1∶1匹配的病例对照研究。 结果 单因素分析结果显示病例组睡眠质量指数中位数4±2高于对照组3±3(Z=4.08,P<0.05);肥胖(χ²=0.621)、超重(χ²=1.137)与青少年近视无关(P>0.05);父母近视(χ²=49.150)、躺着看书习惯(χ²=13.561)、趴着书写习惯(χ²=34.301)、眼距书本看书距离(χ²=16.724)、连续看书90 min以上(χ²=13.701)、每日参加户外活动(χ²=13.263)与青少年近视有关并存在剂量效应关系(P<0.05);多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果显示睡眠质量指数分值(OR=1.21)、父母近视情况(OR=3.83)、趴着书写习惯(OR=1.58)、眼距书本看书距离(OR=1.59)是青少年近视的影响因素。 结论 睡眠质量差、父母近视、有趴着书写习惯、看书时双眼到书本的距离过近是青少年近视的危险因素。     

Differential expression of breast cancer-resistance protein, lung resistance protein, and multidrug resistance protein 1 in retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

AIM: To investigate the altering expression profiles of efflux transporters such as breast cancer-resistance protein (BCRP), lung resistance protein (LRP), and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) at the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB) during the development of early diabetic retinopathy (DR) and/or aging in mice. METHODS: Relative mRNA and protein expression profiles of these three efflux transporters in the retina during the development of early DR and/or aging in mice were examined. The differing expression profiles of Zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) in the retina as well as the perfusion characterization of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and Evans blue were examined to evaluate the integrity of the inner BRB. RESULTS: There were significant alterations in these three efflux transporters’ expression profiles in the mRNA and protein levels of the retina during the development of diabetes mellitus and/or aging. The development of early DR was confirmed by the expression profiles of ZO-1 and VEGFA in the retina as well as the compromised integrity of the inner BRB. CONCLUSION: The expression profiles of some efflux transporters such as BCRP, LRP, and MDR1 in mice retina during diabetic and/or aging conditions are tested, and the attenuated expression of BCRP, LRP, and MDR1 along with the breakdown of the inner BRB is found, which may be linked to the pathogenesis of early DR.     

新世纪国际人工智能研究领域可视化分析

目的:全面了解新世纪国际人工智能领域的研究现状与研究热点。方法:运用TDA软件,利用文献统计分析、关键词共现分析的方法揭示研究热点。结果:国际人工智能领域文献量呈上升趋势,其中美国发文量排名第一,中国位居第六。人工智能的主要研究领域包括计算机科学、工程学、自动化与控制系统3个学科。研究热点为遗传算法、神经网络和机器学习。结论:新世纪国际人工智能研究涉及多个学科,研究热点集中在知识获取、知识表示和问题求解3个宏观层面,神经网络、遗传算法和机器学习是研究者们关注的核心。     

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) exerts protective effects on rat neuronal cells injured by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via regulating the Sphk1/S1P signaling pathway

AimTo investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured rat neuronal cells by regulating the Sphk1/S1P pathway.MethodsThe rats were divided into the following groups, with 18 rats in each group categorized on the basis of random number tables: sham (Sham), I/R (I/R), Dex, Sphk1 inhibitor (PF-543), and Dex together with the Sphk1 agonist phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (Dex+PMA). The neurological functions of the rats were assessed by the Longa scoring system at 24 h post reperfusion. The area of brain infarction was inspected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the water content of brain tissue was determined by the dry-wet weight method. The morphology of neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus was inspected using Nissl staining, while the apoptosis of neurons in this region was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling staining. The Sphk1 and S1P protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting, respectively.ResultsCompared to the I/R group, rats in the Dex, PF-543, and Dex+PMA groups had a significantly lower neurological function score, as well as lower brain water content and a decreased infarction area. Moreover, the apoptotic index of the neurons and the Sphk1 and S1P levels in the hippocampal CA1 region were significantly lower in these groups (p<0.05). PMA, an agonist of Sphk1, was able to reverse the protective effects of Dex on I/R-induced neuronal cell injury.ConclusionDex could protect cerebral I/R-induced neuronal cell injury by suppressing the Sphk1/S1P signaling pathway.     

Factors affecting self-reported bleeding acceptance in acute ischemic stroke survivors on various types of antithrombotic therapy

ObjectivesPrior ischemic cerebrovascular event and younger age have been shown to increase bleeding acceptance among anticoagulated outpatients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to determine factors affecting bleeding acceptance in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) survivors on various types of antithrombotic therapy.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 173 consecutive patients hospitalized for AIS (aged 68.2±11.7 years, 54.9% male), including 54 (31.2%) with AF, who had favorable functional outcome. On discharge, the Bleeding ratio, defined as the declared maximum number of major bleedings that a patient is willing to accept to prevent one major stroke, was evaluated. We assessed the predicted bleeding risk in non-cardioembolic and cardioembolic stroke survivors using S₂TOP-BLEED and HAS-BLED scores, respectively.ResultsPatients with the low Bleeding ratio, defined as 5 (median) or less accepted bleeds (n=92; 53.2%), were older and more likely to receive thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy, with no impact of previous stroke. Prior major bleed (odds ratio [OR] 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-23.72), AF with use of oral anticoagulants (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.12-4.93), reperfusion treatment (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.02-3.76), and hospitalization ≤10 days (OR 4.56; 95% CI 1.50-13.87) were associated with the low Bleeding Ratio. Prior use of anticoagulants or aspirin as well as HAS-BLED and S₂TOP-BLEED scores did not affect the bleeding acceptance.ConclusionsLower bleeding acceptance declared on discharge by AIS survivors is determined by prior bleeding, anticoagulation in AF, reperfusion treatment, and duration of hospitalization, which might affect medication adherence. The results might help optimize post-discharge management and educational efforts in patients on antithrombotic therapy.     

基于物联网的健康管理服务模式

阐述了健康管理及物联网的研究背景及相关基本涵义,概括了物联网在健康管理领域的主要应用,包括家庭健康管理和医院健康管理,指出制约物联网在健康管理中应用的主要因素,如健康管理市场运作不规范、健康保险制度不完善等,并提出构建基于物联网的健康管理服务模式。     

慢性萎缩性胃炎中医复杂证候群及其分布规律

目的：探讨慢性萎缩性胃炎中医复杂证候群及其分布规律。方法：对入选的1000例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的四诊症状和体征进行完整的收集和整理,根据“四特征五阶段”诊断标准进行辨证分型,然后运用统计学定性资料的统计表描述方法进行分析研究。结果：慢性萎缩性胃炎患者证候复杂,除脾胃系证候外还伴有肝系、心系、肾系、肺系、大肠系等诸多脏腑病证,其中肝系、心系、肾系病证与脾胃系证候比重相当;脾胃系证候中虚证主要表现为脾阳虚证、脾气虚证、胃阴虚证、胃气虚证、胃阳虚证,脾胃虚弱证或脾胃虚寒证;实证主要表现为胃热证、胃火旺证、胃有瘀血证,脾胃湿热证。其中脾阳虚证、胃阴虚证及脾胃虚弱证是虚证中较为突出的单一证候;胃热证、胃火旺证、胃有瘀血证及脾胃湿热证是实证中较为突出的单一证候。慢性萎缩性胃炎患者可同时见有1—10个中医证候分型,其中同时存在4～8个证候的患者明显多于其他证候。结论：慢性萎缩性胃炎中医证候以复杂证候群的形式存在,除脾胃系证候外还兼有肝、心、肾等其他脏腑病证,且多存在3个或3个以上证候分型.     

急诊科护士工作压力源与离职意向的相关性研究

目的探讨急诊科护士工作压力源与离职意向的相关性。方法采用问卷调查法对5所三级甲等医院急诊科护士及普通内科护士的工作压力源、心理健康以及离职意向做现况调查。结果急诊科护士在工作量、工作环境和人际关系以及症状自评量表9个因子得分均显著高于普通内科护士（P〈0．05）,工作压力源与心理健康水平及离职意向呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）。结论急诊科护士工作压力大、工作环境差、应激因素多,是离职意向的主要因素之一。建议医院护理管理者采用有效的措施,维护急诊科护士的健康,改善工作环境和人际关系,减少护士的流失。