青岛市肾综合征出血热疫区宿主动物与带病毒情况分析

目的 掌握青岛市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫区鼠类宿主动物的种类、分布、构成与带病毒情况.方法 用夹夜法在居民区和野外布夹,对捕获动物鉴定后取肺脏,用荧光抗体方法检测病毒抗原.结果 1990-2006年间共检测到鼠类动物7种,平均密度为1.56%,阳性率为2.45%.居民区密度和阳性率均高于野外.褐家鼠和小家鼠是居民区的主要动物和带病毒鼠种.野外除平度、莱西分别以背纹仓鼠和大仓鼠为优势种外,其它地区均以黑线姬鼠为优势种,主要带病毒鼠为黑线姬鼠、大仓鼠、褐家鼠、背纹仓鼠.20世纪90年代宿主动物密度和阳性率分别为1.72%和1.54%,2000年之后的密度和阳性率分别为1.27%和 4.63%.密度较高的地区为平度、即墨和胶南,阳性率较高的地区为胶州、胶南和即墨.结论 青岛市HFRS疫区宿主动物种类多,分布广.其中,黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠是主要宿主动物,近年来带病毒率明显增高.     

青岛市2011-2016年心脑血管病死亡的地区特征分析

目的 本研究旨在通过分析青岛市2011-2016年心脑血管病死亡的地理分布特征和变化趋势,为确定重点防治区域提供理论依据。方法 从青岛市慢性病监测系统获取心脑血管病死亡数据资料,进行描述性分析和趋势面分析以及时间趋势分析。结果 6年来青岛市心脑血管病死亡86 277例,标化死亡率为115.33/10万,其中男性为128.08/10万,女性为102.51/10万,男性死亡率高于女性,是女性的1.25倍;城乡标化死亡率比为1:2.67;趋势面分析显示,心脑血管病死亡率在青岛市无明显地域趋势性（均有P>0.05）。青岛市心脑血管病死亡率从2011年的103.43/10万上升到2016年的117.54/10万,上升了13.64%。结论 6年来青岛市心脑血管病死亡率有一定的上升幅度,地区分布没有明显的趋势性,农村地区以及男性人群是当前防治工作的重点。     

青岛市生活饮用水中微塑料分布特征

目的 探讨青岛市生活饮用水中微塑料的分布特征。 方法 对青岛市内不同水源类型的32个末梢水进行采样,每个样品取500 mL进行分析。利用激光红外成像(LDIR)分析水样中微塑料的种类、数量和粒径。 结果 32份样品中,有25份检出微塑料,检出率为78.1%。所有样本中微塑料丰度(个/L)最大值高达360,M(P25,P75)为18(2.5,91.5)。在检出微塑料的样品中,微塑料丰度高于300个/L的样品2份,均来自城区地表水;丰度低于中位数的样品8份,均来自于农村生活饮用水。来自城区地表水的样品中微塑料检出率最高,为81.8%(9/11)。检出的微塑料为:聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨基甲酸乙酯、聚甲醛酯、聚氯乙烯、聚砜8种。其中PET占比(85.8%)最高,其次是聚酰胺(8.5%)。生活饮用水中微塑料丰度随粒径的增大而减少,粒径为0~30 μm的微塑料最多(49.7%),其次为30~50 μm(28.4%),50~100 μm(15.7%),100~300 μm(6.1%)。 结论 青岛市不同水源饮用水的微塑料含量不同,城区高于农村,PET材料制品作为饮用水中微塑料的主要来源应被重点关注。     

2014~2019年青岛市生活饮用水健康风险评估

目的 评价青岛市2014~2019年生活饮用水水质的健康风险,为青岛市生活饮用水卫生管理提供相关依据。 方法 分析青岛市10个区市2014~2019年间的2 963份生活饮用水水质结果,采用美国国家环境保护署(US EPA)经典“四步法”健康风险评估模型对其中的17种化学污染物进行经口摄入途径的健康风险评估。 结果 2014~2019年经口途径摄入饮用水中,对成年人致癌风险最高的为镉(致癌风险为1.94×10^-5),其次为铬和砷。大部分污染物的致癌风险在6年内呈现总体下降趋势。非致癌风险最高的为氟化物(危害系数为0.31),其次为硝酸盐氮和砷。致癌风险在男性和女性之间差异均无统计学意义。砷、铬、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的致癌风险在出厂水和末梢水间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。三氯甲烷在丰水期的致癌风险大于枯水期且差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。 结论 青岛市生活饮用水中化学污染物的健康风险低于US EPA推荐的最大可接受风险,初步认为青岛市生活饮用水风险处于可接受水平,不会对成年人群健康产生明显危害。镉、砷和铬的致癌风险及氟化物、硝酸盐氮和砷的非致癌风险相对较高,应在饮用水风险管理中优先关注。     

青岛市2019-2020年成年人慢性肾脏病患病状况分析

目的 了解青岛市成年人慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病情况。方法 于2019年5月至2020年9月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在青岛市抽取≥18岁常住居民6 240例研究对象,采用面对面调查方式收集调查对象的人口统计学资料。使用SPSS 25.0软件对青岛市成年人CKD患病情况进行分析。结果 本研究最终纳入5 996例研究对象。青岛市成年人CKD患病率为8.22%;男性和女性CKD患病率分别为7.70%、8.74%。城市居民CKD患病率（10.28%）高于农村居民（7.25%）,不同年龄组、文化程度、婚姻状况成年人CKD患病率差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.001）。CKD患病率呈现随年龄增长而升高、随文化程度升高而降低的趋势。结论 青岛市成年人CKD患病率较高,需积极开展CKD的早期防治工作,加强CKD的筛查和预防,减少CKD的发生与发展。     

Clinical significance of cylindromatosis expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Background and study aimThere is currently a lack of sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Low expression of cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a deubiquitinase, is associated with the development of HCC. The present study, therefore, aimed to determine the clinical utility of measuring CYLD expression in the early diagnosis of HCC.Patients and methodsThe present study comprised 257 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University including 90 patients with HCC, 41 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 46 patients with hepatitis B (HB), and 80 healthy controls. qPCR was used to measure the amounts of CYLD mRNA in stored blood samples. The sensitivity and specificity of CYLD mRNA in diagnosing HCC was analyzed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. We also obtained HCC data from the Oncomine database to further verify our results.ResultsThe relative levels of CYLD mRNA in peripheral blood from patients with HCC (median, 0.060; interquartile range [IQR], 0.019–0.260) was significantly lower than in blood from patients with LC (median, 3.732; IQR, 0.648–14.573), HB (median, 0.419; IQR, 0.255–1.809) and healthy controls (median, 1.262; IQR, 0.279–3.537; P < 0.05). CYLD mRNA levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher in patients with LC compared to healthy controls and patients with HB. Oncomine data demonstrated that CYLD mRNA expression levels in HCC tissues were significantly lower than in normal liver tissues. ROC analysis demonstrated that the combined use of peripheral blood levels of CYLD and AFP had the greatest diagnostic accuracy for HCC (area under the curve (AUC), 0.897; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.853–0.942). CYLD had utility as a supplementary marker to AFP for diagnosing HCC.ConclusionCirculating levels of CYLD mRNA are significantly decreased in patients with HCC, indicating CYLD may have utility as a biomarker of HCC. Combined measurement of CYLD mRNA and AFP protein had the greatest diagnostic accuracy.     

Interaction of dopamine transporter and metabolite ratios underpinning the cognitive dysfunction in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning: A combined SPECT and MRS study

Cognitive dysfunction has been reported in patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. However, the underpinning mechanism remained unclear. This study examined dopamine transporter (DAT) and metabolite ratios concurrently and their relationships with cognitive dysfunction in CO poisoning. Eighteen suicide attempters with charcoal burning which results in CO poisoning and 18 age- and gender- matched normal controls were recruited. A battery of cognitive assessments including attention, memory, and executive function was administered. Each participant received one single photon emission computed tomography with ^99mTc-TRODAT for measuring striatal DAT availability and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine N-acetyl aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr), choline-containing compounds/creatine (Cho/Cr) and myo-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) in the left parietal white matter and mid-occipital gray matter (OGM). CO poisoning patients had significant impairments in memory and executive function. Compared to normal, CO poisoning patients had lower striatal DAT availability, lower NAA/Cr levels in both regions and higher Cho/Cr levels in both regions. In CO poisoning patients, the altered left striatal DAT availability and Cho/Cr level in OGM were significantly associated with executive dysfunction in the expected directions. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between these two imaging indices on their relationships with executive dysfunction and combination of them could adequately predict executive dysfunction in more CO poisoning cases than either alone. The current results suggested that both alterations in DAT availability and metabolite ratios might play crucial roles in executive dysfunction in CO poisoning. This research also highlights the importance of multimodal imaging approaches for studying neurotoxicity effects.     

Dose- and time-related effects of acute diisopropylfluorophosphate intoxication on forced swim behavior and sucrose preference in rats

Acute intoxication by organophosphorus anticholinesterases (OPs) has been associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We previously reported that adult male rats treated with diisopropylfluorophosphate (2.5 mg/kg, sc) showed acute cholinergic signs followed by changes (increased immobility/decreased swimming) in the forced swim test (a measure of behavioral despair) for at least one month. This study was conducted to evaluate the further persistence of changes in the forced swim test out to 4 months and to compare responses in a sucrose preference test, a measure of anhedonia. Adult male rats were treated with vehicle (peanut oil, 1 mL/kg, sc) or DFP (2.0, 2.25 or 2.5 mg/kg) followed by sacrifice 4 h later for measurement of OP-sensitive serine hydrolases (cholinesterase [ChE], fatty acid amide hydrolase [FAAH], and monoacylglycerol lipase [MAGL]) in hippocampus. Additional rats were treated similarly and evaluated for functional signs of acute toxicity from 30 min to 6 days, and then motor activity, forced swim behavior and sucrose preference at approximately 1 week, 1 month and 4 months after dosing. All dosages of DFP elicited serine hydrolase inhibition (ChE, 92–96 %; FAAH, 46–63 %; MAGL, 26–33 %). Body weight was reduced in all DFP-treated groups during the first two weeks, and lethality was noted with the higher dosages. Involuntary movements were elicited in all DFP treatment groups during the first week, but both time of onset and rate of recovery were dose-related. There was a significant reduction in ambulation at one week after the highest dosage (2.5 mg/kg), but no other significant locomotor changes were noted. Immobility was increased and swimming was decreased in the forced swim test at all three time-points by 2.25 mg/kg DFP, and at 2 of 3 time-points by the other dosages. While length of water deprivation and time after DFP dosing affected sucrose preference, DFP treatment had no main effect. We conclude that the forced swim test (a measure of behavioral despair/coping mechanism for inescapable stress) is a robust and persistent neurobehavioral consequence of acute DFP intoxication while sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia and a common symptom of major clinical depression, is not affected.     

Perinatal plasma carotenoid and vitamin E concentrations with maternal blood pressure during and after pregnancy

Background and aimsFew studies examined the influence of carotenoids and vitamin E on blood pressure or hypertension during and after pregnancy. We related perinatal plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin E (in individual forms and in combination) to blood pressure and hypertension at late pregnancy and 4 years post-pregnancy.Methods and resultsIn 684 women of the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort, we quantified plasma carotenoids and vitamin E concentrations at delivery. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) around 37–39 weeks’ gestation were extracted from obstetric records and measured at 4 years post-pregnancy. Principal component analysis derived patterns of carotenoids (CP) and vitamin E. Associations were examined using linear or logistic regressions adjusting for confounders. Two carotenoids (CP1: α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein; CP2: zeaxanthin, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin) and one vitamin E (γ-, δ-, and α-tocopherols) patterns were derived. CP1 (1SD score increment) was associated with lower SBP and DBP [β (95% CI): ?2.36 (?3.47, ?1.26) and ?1.37 (?2.21, ?0.53) mmHg] at late pregnancy> and 4 years post-pregnancy [-1.45 (?2.72, ?0.18) and ?0.99 (?1.98, ?0.01) mmHg]. Higher β-cryptoxanthin concentrations were associated with lower SBP and DBP [-1.50 (?2.49, ?0.51) and ?1.20 (?1.95, ?0.46) mmHg] at late pregnancy. Individual vitamin E and their pattern were not associated with blood pressure or hypertension.ConclusionHigher perinatal α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein concentrations are associated with lower blood pressure in women at late pregnancy and post-pregnancy. Foods rich in these carotenoids, such as red-, orange-, and dark-green-colored vegetables, might be beneficial for blood pressure during and after pregnancy.