High acidity cellulose sulfuric acid from sulfur trioxide: a highly efficient catalyst for the one step synthesis of xanthene and dihydroquinazolinone derivatives

A cellulose sulfonate catalyst (HS-cellulose sulfonate) with high stability, excellent catalytic activity and high acidity value (about 1.55 mmol g⁻¹) was successfully prepared by SO₃ gas phase sulfonation. The basic morphology and nanostructure of the catalyst were determined by HRTEM, XRD, IR, TG, etc. In addition, the catalyst was applied to the catalytic reaction of a dihydroquinazolinone derivative and a xanthene compound, and very valuable results were obtained. The development and preparation of cellulose sulfonate catalysts provide a good approach for the development and application of cellulose, and also an important application of green organic catalytic synthesis methodology.

The HS-cellulose sulfonate catalysed green and efficient one-step synthesis of xanthene and dihydroquinazolinone derivatives.     

Effect of postoperative early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immune function of cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUNDMost cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) have varying degrees of malnutrition and immunodeficiency preoperatively. Therefore, perioperative nutritional support has important clinical significance in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.AIMTo investigate the effects of postoperative early enteral nutrition (EEN) on immunity function and clinical outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ.METHODSThis prospective clinical study included 60 cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ who underwent surgery. The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group according to the nutrition support modes. The control group received postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN), whereas the experimental group received postoperative EEN and parenteral nutrition (PN; EEN + PN). The clinical outcomes, postoperative immune function, incidences of surgical site infection and bile leakage, intestinal function recovery time, average hospitalization days, and hospitalization expenses of the two groups were assessed on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7.RESULTSThe CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, and CD4+T/CD8+T cell count and the immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and IgA levels in the EEN + PN group were significantly higher than those in the TPN group on PODs 3 and 7 (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences in the CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, and CD4+T/CD8+T cell counts and IgG, IgM, and IgA levels before operation and on POD 1 were found between the two groups (P > 0.05). The intestinal function recovery time and postoperative hospital stay were shorter (P < 0.001 for both) in the EEN + PN group than in the TPN group. The hospitalization expenses of the EEN + PN group were lower than those of the TPN group (P < 0.001). However, the incidence of abdominal distension was higher than in the EEN + PN group than in the TPN group (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of biliary leakage and surgical site infection were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONA postoperative EEN program could reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the clinical outcomes and immune functions of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ and is thus beneficial to patient recovery.     

首发抑郁症患者肠道菌群与认知情绪调节关系研究

背景　近年来抑郁症和肠道菌群的相关研究大多集中于动物实验,而人体肠道菌群的相关研究相对较少,结合心理特征的研究则更少。目的　了解首发抑郁症患者与健康人群在肠道菌群、认知情绪调节方面的差异,进一步探讨抑郁症、肠道菌群及认知情绪调节之间的关系。方法　选取2017年1-12月就诊于宁夏医科大学总医院心理卫生中心门诊的首发抑郁症患者30例（抑郁症组）,同期选取宁夏“十三五”科技重大项目流调体检健康志愿者31例（对照组）。完成一般情况调查问卷、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、认知情绪调节量表（CERQ）的评定与粪便的收集;采用高通量测序及生物信息学方法分析微生物群落多样性和丰度变化;探讨情绪调节策略、抑郁严重程度与肠道菌群的相关性。结果　抑郁症组和对照组一般情况（年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、文化程度）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。本研究以97%的相似性将所有样本的有效序列聚类为Operational Taxonomic Units（OTUs）,所得稀释曲线趋向平坦,说明测序数据量合理。抑郁症组与对照组肠道菌群多样性指数比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,在门水平,抑郁症组厚壁菌门、放线菌门、柔壁菌门丰度降低,拟杆菌门丰度增高（P<0.05）;在属水平,抑郁症组Ruminococcus、Subdoligranulum、Enterobacter、Coprococcus、Bifidobacterium、Lactobacillus菌属减少,而Klebsiella、Flavonifractor、Bacteroides菌属增多（P<0.05）。LEfSe分析显示,抑郁症组肠道菌群中主要以拟杆菌、产碱菌科（Alcaligenaceae）,伯克菌目（Burkholderiales）,Β-变形菌纲、Erysipelotrichaceae、幽门螺杆菌等致病菌为主;对照组以厚壁菌门、双歧杆菌、Subdoligranulum、乳酸杆菌等有益菌为优势菌。抑郁症组自我责难、沉思、灾难化、责难他人分量表得分高于对照组,积极重新评价、理性分析分量表得分低于对照组（P<0.05）。CERQ分量表中自我责难得分与Enterobacter菌属呈正相关,与Odoribacter、Alistipes菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）;沉思分量表得分与Subdoligranulum、Alistipes、Faecalibacterium、Odoribacter菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）;重新关注计划、积极重新评价分量表得分与Weissella菌属呈正相关（P<0.05）;灾难化分量表得分与Dialister菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）。抑郁严重程度与拟杆菌门及Flavonifractor菌属呈正相关（P<0.05）,与Ruminococcus、Subdoligranulum、Coprococcus、Dialister、Odoribacter、Faecalibacterium、Butyricimonas菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论　抑郁症患者与健康对照者在肠道菌群、认知情绪调节策略方面均有较大差异,情绪调节策略自我责难、沉思、灾难化,肠道菌群条件致病菌的增多及丁酸盐产生菌、益生菌的减少与抑郁症密切相关。     

宁夏社区居民理想心血管健康行为和因素调查分析

背景　我国心血管疾病死亡率高,发病人数逐年增加,通过有效的综合管理和预防可以有效降低心血管疾病的发病风险,而人群理想心血管健康行为和因素与心血管疾病密切相关,但不同性别、年龄、地区人群心血管健康行为和因素存在差异,迫切需要提供全面的健康管理方案。目的　探讨宁夏社区居民不同性别、年龄理想心血管健康行为和因素的差异,为制定健康教育及健康管理方案提供依据。方法　采用整群抽样方法,选取2016年3月于宁夏国际旅行卫生保健中心体检的社区居民2 486例为研究对象。收集研究对象基本情况,包括性别、年龄、实验室检查指标、心血管健康行为和健康因素。比较不同性别基本情况及各年龄组理想健康行为和健康因素。结果　男性年龄、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、空腹血糖（FPG）水平高于女性,总胆固醇（TC）、理想分数、理想行为和因素个数、理想吸烟比例、理想体育锻炼比例均低于女性（P<0.05）。男性<50岁年龄组血压优于55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）;男性50~54岁年龄组血压优于60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。男性<50岁年龄组FPG优于50~54岁年龄组、55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。男性各年龄组BMI、TC、吸烟、健康饮食组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。女性<50岁年龄组血压优于50~54岁年龄组、55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）;女性50~54岁年龄组血压优于65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）;女性55~59岁年龄组血压优于65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性<50岁年龄组TC优于50~54岁年龄组、55~59岁年龄组、60~64岁年龄组、65~69岁年龄组和70~岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性<50岁年龄组FPG优于60~64岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性50~54岁年龄组体育锻炼比例高于60~64岁年龄组和65~69岁年龄组（P<0.05）。女性各年龄组BMI、吸烟、健康饮食组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。女性平均理想心血管指标个数多于男性（P<0.001）。女性有5~7个理想心血管指标比例高于男性（P<0.001）。结论　宁夏社区居民不同性别、年龄理想心血管健康行为和因素存在差异,男性应作为重点心血管健康管理的目标干预人群,特别要针对50~70岁社区人群制定心血管疾病的健康管理,提高心血管健康水平。     

Dehydrocostuslactone protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells

OBJECTIVE TO investigate the neural protection of dehydrocostus lactone(DHL) against neuronal injury induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R) in differentiated PC12 cells. METHODS We used a cellular model of 2 h of OGD and 24 h of reperfusion to mimic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell viability was used to reflect the degree of OGD/R-induced injury. Cells were treated with DHL during the reperfusion phase. Cell Counting Kit(CCK-8) and LDH assays were performed to determine the optimal dose of DHL and cel viability. Flow cytometry analysis and Monodansylcadaverine(MDC) staining were then conducted to detect apoptosis rate and autophagosome formation after OGD/R in PC12 cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting analyses were used to detect the expression of proteins associated with autophagy and apoptosis. RESULTS OGD/R significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis rate. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins, namely, LC3 and Beclin-1, and apoptosisrelated proteins, namely, Bax and caspase-3 increased, but that of the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 protein decreased. However,DHL attenuated OGD/R-induced neuronal injury through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy properties by modulating autophagy-associated proteins(LC3 and Beclin-1) and apoptosis-modulating proteins(caspase-3 and Bcl-2/Bax). CONCLUSION Our data provide an evidence for the neuroprotective effect of DHL against ischemic neuronal injury. Hence, DHL could be a promising candidate for treatment of ischemic stroke.     

宁夏社区人群代谢异常与心电图异常的关系

目的探讨人群代谢异常与心电图异常的关系。方法选取卫生部疾病控制项目"全国高血压规范化管理"和卫生部行业基金项目"心血管病危险因素监测和高血压规范化管理"中宁夏分中心的基线资料2 524例进行分析。调查内容包括问卷调查、体格检查、血压测量、实验室检查、心电图检查。结果心电图异常的检出率为15.2%,其中男10.2%,女19.7%,女性心电图异常检出率超过男性(P<0.001)。代谢异常的数量越多,心电图异常的检出率越高(P<0.05)。不同代谢异常数目下,代谢异常的组成存在差别,但统计学无显著差异。Logistic回归分析统计结果显示4种代谢异常的风险最大〔OR=4.19,95%CI(2.62⁶.70)〕,一种代谢异常的人群,血糖异常对心电图异常的检出风险最大;两种代谢异常的人群,血压升高合并血脂异常对心电图异常的检出风险最大;3种代谢异常的人群,血压升高合并中心性肥胖与血脂异常对心电图异常的检出风险最大。结论随着代谢异常的数量增多,心电图异常的检出率增高。一种代谢异常的人群,应重点干预血糖异常;两种代谢异常的人群,应重点干预血压升高合并血脂异常;3种代谢异常的人群,应重点干预血压升高合并中心性肥胖与血脂异常。     

血管活性肠肽在慢性阻塞性肺病相关肺动脉高压中的研究进展

血管活性肠肽（VIP）是心肺系统最丰富的肽类物质之一,具有强大的抗炎、肺血管与气道舒张作用,以及免疫调节、调节气道分泌等广泛的生物学作用,可减缓COPD相关肺动脉高压（PH）的进展。然而,由于其血浆半衰期较短,给药途径困难,故临床有待进一步研究。本文就现阶段VIP对COPD相关PH治疗的研究进展作一综述。