纹带棒状杆菌多位点序列分型及应用

目的 建立纹带棒状杆菌的多位点序列分型（MLST）方法,探讨临床分离纹带棒状杆菌的种群结构和遗传进化关系。方法 筛选出7个管家基因（gyrA、gyrB、hsp65、sodA、secA1、rpoB、16S rRNA）,设计引物并进行PCR扩增和测序,测序所得序列通过SeqMan软件进行拼接。采用DnaSP 5.10.01软件、Splits tree 4.14.2软件对管家基因的多样性及基因重组特征进行评价;采用MEGA 7.0.14软件基于序列型别（ST）采用M-L法构建系统发育树,采用BioNumerics软件基于ST特征值构建最小生成树,并用eBURST软件分析ST间遗传进化关系。结果 所选的7个位点在所有试验菌株中均获得了预期的扩增产物;Splits tree表明所有纹带棒状杆菌的聚类一致,提示基因重组是推动纹带棒状杆菌进化的潜在动力;MLST将344株纹带棒状杆菌分成72个STs,85.7%的菌株形成克隆复合体（CC）结构,CC19形成了优势克隆复合体,但包含菌株数最多的ST为该克隆复合体中的ST16。ST具有一定的地域聚集性且与分离年份具有一定的相关性。结论 我国纹带棒状杆菌呈现高度的遗传多样性,CC19为优势克隆复合体。本研究建立的MLST分型方案可用于纹带棒状杆菌的分型,但尚需优化改进。     

海南省2311例关节炎症状患者的莱姆病抗体血清学研究

目的探讨海南省关节炎症状患者的莱姆病感染状况,为莱姆病的防控提供依据。方法采用抽样调查方法,2013至2018年在海南省8个市(县)(海口市、三亚市、儋州市、东方市、文昌市、琼海市、琼中县、五指山市)的医疗机构,对其进行抽样调查,收集2 311例关节炎症状就诊的患者血清标本,并对临床资料进行描述性研究。采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)对血清标本进行莱姆病抗体初筛检测,并采用免疫印迹法(WB)对IFA检测阳性的血清标本进行确诊实验。采用χ²检验进行统计分析。结果 IFA方法检测血清样本2 311份,166份阳性,阳性率7.18%。进一步用 WB方法确认,62份阳性, 莱姆病抗体阳性率为2.68%(62/2 311)。海南省不同地区关节炎症状患者的莱姆病抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=40.636,P<0.001),琼中县阳性率最高,为8.81%(14/159);儋州市阳性率次之,为5.62%(5/89);东方市阳性率最低,为0.51%(2/394)。莱姆病血清抗体阳性率男性及女性分别是2.79%(33/1 182)和2.57%(29/1 129);各年龄组间的抗体阳性率在1.74%~3.64%,在性别和年龄间差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.110,P=0.740;χ²=1.938,P=0.747)。结论海南省8个市(县)均存在伯氏疏螺旋体感染导致的关节炎症状患者,但莱姆病抗体阳性率各市(县)存在差异,以琼中县最高。     

Dynamic changes in clinical characteristics and serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease among adults in Japan after introduction of the pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2013–2019

Nationwide population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is being conducted in few Asian countries. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and serotype distribution among Japanese adult patients with IPD after introduction of the pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2013. IPD surveillance was conducted among adults between 2013 and 2019, and 1,995 patients were analyzed by time period (early, 2013–2015; middle, 2016–2017; late, 2018–2019). We found that the period of 2018–2019 was independently associated with a lower risk of fatal outcome, compared with the period of 2013–2015. The proportion of those with serotype PCV13-nonPCV7 decreased significantly in patients aged 15–64 years and in those aged ≥ 65 years within 3 years after the introduction of pediatric PCV13. By contrast, the proportion of those with nonvaccine serotype increased significantly in those aged ≥ 65 years, but not in those aged 15–64 years. No significant change was found in the proportion of 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPSV23)-nonPCV13 in both of adults aged 15–64 years and ≥ 65 years. The proportions of PCV15-, PCV20- and PCV24-covered serotypes were 38%, 56% and 58% in adult patients with IPD aged ≥ 65 years during the late period. Our data on the serotype distribution support an indirect effect from pediatric PCV13 use among adults, and afford a basis for estimates of protection against IPD by vaccination with newly developed PCVs in older adults in Japan.     

Access to clinically indicated genetic tests for pediatric patients with Medicaid: Evidence from outpatient genetics clinics in Texas

PurposeLittle is known about how Medicaid coverage policies affect access to genetic tests for pediatric patients. Building upon and extending a previous analysis of prior authorization requests (PARs), we describe expected coverage of genetic tests submitted to Texas Medicaid and the PAR and diagnostic outcomes of those tests.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed genetic tests ordered at 3 pediatric outpatient genetics clinics in Texas. We compared Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes with the Texas Medicaid fee-for-service schedule (FFSS) to determine whether tests were expected to be covered by Medicaid. We assessed completion and diagnostic yield of commonly ordered tests.ResultsAmong the 3388 total tests submitted to Texas Medicaid, 68.9% (n = 2336) used at least 1 CPT code that was not on the FFSS and 80.7% (n = 2735) received a favorable PAR outcome. Of the tests with a CPT code not on the FFSS, 60.0% (n = 1400) received a favorable PAR outcome and were completed and 20.5% (n = 287) were diagnostic. The diagnostic yield of all tests with a favorable PAR outcome that were completed was 18.7% (n = 380/2029).ConclusionMost PARs submitted to Texas Medicaid used a CPT code for which reimbursement from Texas Medicaid was not guaranteed. The frequency with which clinically indicated genetic tests were not listed on the Texas Medicaid FFSS suggests misalignment between genetic testing needs and coverage policies. Our findings can inform updates to Medicaid policies to reduce coverage uncertainty and expand access to genetic tests with high diagnostic utility.     

从健康体检饮食服务人员中检出一株伤寒沙门菌

2004年10月海珠区疾病预防控制中心微检室在饮食从业人员健康体检者肛拭标本中检出一株伤寒沙门菌。伤寒的健康带菌者较少被发现，由从业人员体检标本中检出该菌的报道也不多见。     

结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药基因rpoB突变特征初步分析

目的 阐明结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药株rpoB基因突变特点。方法 对110株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株包括rpoB基因利福平耐药决定区（RRDR）81个碱基在内的286bp片段进行聚合酶链反应．单链构象多态性（PCR．SSCP）分析，并对经检测显示有突变的结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因此扩增区域进行序列测定。其中利福平耐药株73株，非利福平耐药株11株，敏感株26株。结果 PCR—SSCP检测显示利福平耐药株中有47株有突变存在，经直接测序分析其中76．6％的菌株存在rpoB基因的单位点突变，主要集中在531位（61．1％）和526位（25．0％）；联合突变发生率为23．4％。此外，经PCR—SSCP检测，11株非利福平耐药株中2株有突变存在，26株敏感株中1株有突变存在。经直接测序分析突变涉及位点为511位、526位和535位。结论 rpoB基因耐药决定区发生突变是结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药的主要原因，其中531位丝氨酸和526位组氨酸是最常见的突变位点。