富含anthocyanin的水果提取物对血管内皮细胞产生PGE_2的影响研究

目的研究富含anthocyanin的水果提取物对血管内皮细胞产生PGE2的影响。方法将人类正常的血管内皮细胞CRL-2606在Kaighn’sF12K培养基中(补加有10%FBS,0.1mg/ml肝素,0.03mg/ml的ECGS,50μg/ml链霉素和500U/ml青霉素)37℃、5%CO2的条件下培养至接近融合,然后在含有从水果中提取出的anthocyanin的F12K培养基中添加或不添加100ng/mlLPS,继续培养18小时,测定细胞生存率,并将培养液离心,收集上清液,用STAT-ProstaglandinE2EIAKit试剂盒测定培养基上清液中的PGE2浓度。结果当CRL-2606细胞暴露于300μg/ml或以上的Chokeberry提取物中时,细胞的生存率低于60%,且表现出一定的剂量效应关系。而50~400μg/ml的蓝莓提取物和100~700μg/ml的黑醋栗提取物未显示细胞毒性。LPS刺激可使细胞PEG2释放量增加一倍以上,蓝莓提取物可明显抑制由于LPS刺激引起的PGE2释放增加,100μg/ml的蓝莓提取物可完全抑制此作用而使其含量维持于正常水平。700μg/ml的黑醋栗提取物对处于LPS刺激下的CRL-2606细胞具有一定的抑制PGE2释放作用。而对于处于LPS刺激下的细胞,500μg/ml以上的Chokeberry提取物能抑制PGE2的释放。结论富含anthocyanin的黑醋栗、蓝莓以及Chokeberry提取物可以抑制由LPS刺激引起的血管内皮细胞释放PEG2增加的作用,具有一定的抗炎、抗氧化作用。     

Neurobehavioral Assessment of Rats Exposed to Yttrium Nitrate during Development

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effects of yttrium nitrate on neurobehavioral development in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Methods Dams were orally exposed to 0, 5, 15, or 45 mg/kg daily of yttrium nitrate from gestation day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. Body weight and food consumption were monitored weekly. Neurobehavior was assessed by developmental landmarks and reflexes, motor activity, hot plate, Rota-rod and cognitive tests. Additionally, brain weights were measured on PND 21 and 70.
Results No significant difference was noted among all groups for maternal body weight and food consumption. All yttrium-exposed offspring showed an increase in body weight on PND 21;however, no significant difference in body weight for exposed pups versus controls was observed 2 weeks or more after the yttrium solution was discontinued. The groups given 5 mg/kg daily decreased significantly in the duration of female forelime grip strength and ambulation on PND 13. There was no significant difference between yttrium-exposed offspring and controls with respect to other behavioral ontogeny parameters and postnatal behavioral test results.
Conclusion Exposure of rats to yttrium nitrate in concentrations up to 45 mg/kg daily had no adverse effects on their neurobehavioral development.     

中国9省(自治区)1991－2011年18～44岁人群蔬菜水果摄入状况及变化趋势

目的 研究1991－2011年中国9省(自治区)18～44岁人群蔬菜、水果的摄入状况及变化趋势。方法 以“中国健康与营养调查”(CHNS)1991－2011年调查数据为基础,选择连续3天24 小时有完整膳食数据的18～44岁健康人群作为研究对象,计算该人群平均每天蔬菜、水果的摄入率及摄入量,并与《中国居民膳食指南》蔬菜、水果推荐摄入量进行比较。结果 1991－2011年中国9省(自治区)18～44岁人群蔬菜摄入率变化不大、摄入量下降明显;水果摄入率及摄入量不断提高,2011年调查人群蔬菜、水果摄入率及摄入量分别为99.7%、48.0%、321.6 g/d、90.1 g/d。蔬菜摄入量达到《中国居民膳食指南》推荐摄入量的人群比例显著下降,至2011年为50.2%;水果摄入量达到《中国居民膳食指南》推荐摄入量的人群比例显著上升,至2011年为17.4%。结论 中国9省(自治区)18～44岁人群蔬菜、水果平均摄入量仍低于《中国居民膳食指南》的推荐摄入量,应采取措施进一步促进该人群蔬菜和水果的摄入。     

脱细胞-核DNA模型检测烟气氧化损伤的研究

目的探索烟气的损伤特征,并建立烟气生物效应的快速检测新模型。方法采用脱细胞-核DNA作为实验模型,用烟气染毒,实验分烟气直接染毒(按照染毒时间分为:60、30、15和0min 4个组)和烟气水过滤后染毒(水过滤烟气、水过滤空气、烟的水溶液、空气的水溶液和水对照5个组),用彗星试验检测DNA损伤情况。结果烟气直接染毒的DNA损伤顺序为:60min组>30min组>15min组>0min组,呈现时间-反应关系;处理后烟气对DNA的损伤顺序为:烟气水溶液组>水过滤烟气>水过滤空气=空气水溶液=水溶液;直接染毒60min对DNA的损伤大于水过滤后烟气。结论烟气可直接损伤脱细胞DNA,水过滤后烟气对DNA的损伤降低;脱细胞-核DNA对烟气的损伤比较敏感,可用于烟气生物效应的评价。     

Cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin (Onglyza®) in type 2 diabetes in Sweden

AimThe objective of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin (Onglyza^®), a DPP-4 inhibitor, plus metformin compared with a sulphonylurea (SU) (Glipizide) plus metformin in Swedish patients not well controlled on metformin alone.MethodsData from a 52-week clinical trial comparing saxagliptin and glipizide in combination with metformin was used in a simulation model to estimate long term complications in a cohort of type 2 diabetes patients. The model estimates the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications, diabetes-specific mortality, all-cause mortality, and ultimately, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with the investigated treatment strategies. Costs and QALYs were estimated for a lifetime time horizon.ResultsCompared with SU + metformin, the cost per QALY gained with saxagliptin + metformin is approximately SEK 91,000. Patients on saxagliptin + metformin gain 0.10 QALYs on average, at an incremental cost of around SEK 9500. The cost-effectiveness results were robust to various sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that, over a patient's lifetime, the addition of saxagliptin to metformin is associated with improvements in quality-adjusted life years compared with SU in patients with type 2 diabetes. Saxagliptin treatment is a cost-effective treatment alternative for type 2 diabetes in patients not well-controlled on metformin alone.     

牛奶饮用频率与小学生肥胖及代谢异常的关系

目的了解牛奶饮用频率与儿童肥胖及代谢异常的关系,为制定干预措施提供基础数据。方法从哈尔滨、北京、济南、上海、重庆、广州6个大城市随机整群抽取6～13岁小学生7 082名,问卷调查他们的年龄、性别、家庭经济情况及牛奶饮用频率等信息。按照标准程序测量身高、体重、腰围、血压,采集晨起空腹血测定血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和三酰甘油等指标。结果饮用牛奶频率为每周7次以上、7次、1～6次和基本不喝奶的4组儿童中,肥胖率依次为8.6%,10.1%,11.0%和12.1%;腹型肥胖率在4组中依次为12.9%,13.7%,15.7%和15.6%;高三酰甘油血症率在各组中依次为2.6%,4.0%,4.2%和4.6%。调整混杂因素后,各组间肥胖、腹型肥胖、高三酰甘油血症检出率差异有统计学意义,其他肥胖相关代谢异常检出率差异无统计学意义。结论饮用牛奶频率与儿童肥胖及代谢异常有关,应大力提倡儿童饮用牛奶以利于他们的健康成长。     

烟碱类农药吡虫啉的体外经皮渗透实验

目的 研究吡虫啉体外经皮渗透吸收的效果,分析样品浓度和皮肤蓄积作用等对农药风险评估的影响.方法 采用Franz垂直扩散池,以雄性Wistar大鼠离体腹部新鲜皮肤或冷冻皮肤为渗透屏障,C/MS/MS法测定接受液和皮肤中的吡虫啉含量,分别比较高低两种吡虫啉溶液和两类皮肤的透皮效果.结果 在使用新鲜皮肤的体外试验中,高、低两种浓度的接受液中吡虫啉含量占总受试物的比例均数分别为6.8％,6.6％,皮肤残留中吡虫啉含量占总受试物的比例均数分别为10.7％,1.3％,经皮渗透吸收率为分别17.5％和7.9％.在使用同种(低浓度)浓度新鲜和冷冻皮肤的体外试验中,新鲜皮肤和冷冻皮肤的接受液中吡虫啉含量占总受试物的比例均数分别为6.6％,0.7％,皮肤残留中吡虫啉含量占总受试物的比例均数分别为1.3％,10.7％,经皮渗透吸收率分别为7.9％和11.4％.结论 高浓度吡虫啉在新鲜皮肤上的经皮渗透吸收率最大,是本实验吡虫啉暴露“最坏情况”的估计值,也是可用于风险评估的参考值.     

Homœopathic treatment of alcohol withdrawal

The authors report their experience of the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and delirium tremens (DTs). In a series of 30 alcoholic men (5 with DTs) results appeared favourable. The main homœopathic medicine used was Sulphur.     

The nambour skin cancer and actinic eye disease prevention trial: Design and baseline characteristics of participants

The Nambour Skin Cancer and Actinic Eye Disease Prevention Trial (the Nambour Trial) is a field trial conducted in an unselected adult population in Australia. Using a randomized 2 × 2 factorial design, the principal aim is to evaluate whether regular use of high-protection sunscreen and for dietary snpplementation with β-carotene (30 mg daily) can alter the incidence rates of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin over a minimum follow-up time of 4.5 years. Changes in the incidence of solar keratoses and actinic eye disease and the rate of photoaging after intervention will also be investigated. In 1992, 1626 participants between the ages of 25 and 75 years were enrolled, all of whom had been randomly selected from residents of the southeastern Queensland township of Nambour for an earlier skin cancer prevalence survey. This paper describes the background to the trial and its design, with respect to evaluation of effects on actinic skin disease, and documents the baseline characteristics of participants recruited into the Nambour Trial.