Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Neonates: An 8‐Year Retrospective Study in a Single Institution

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a rare disorder in children. Complications may occur without timely treatment. Mortality in children with SSSS is approximately 4%. Other than a limited number of case reports, data on SSSS in neonates are limited. The objective of the current study was to investigate SSSS in neonates. A retrospective review of neonates with a diagnosis of SSSS from January 2004 to January 2012 was performed. Population distribution, historical features, physical examination findings including laboratory tests, antibiotic therapies, and outcomes were evaluated. Thirty‐nine cases were included, 31 (79.5%) in the last 4 years. The mean patient age was 17.4 ± 7.7 days. Boys (25 cases) were more commonly affected, and occurrence during summer and autumn months was more frequent. The face was the most common body part affected and the area most commonly initially affected. Fever, high white blood cell count, and high C‐reactive protein levels were uncommon. Pneumonia was the most frequent complication (74.4%). The positive rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolation was low (23.5%). Drug susceptibility tests showed that amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and cephalosporins were effective in practice. The median length of hospitalization was 9.0 days. All of the 39 neonates were cured without scarring. This study established basic epidemiologic characteristics of a group of neonates diagnosed with SSSS. In the presence of a clinical suspicion of SSSS, even with apparently normal laboratory tests, immediate treatment with cephalosporins, β‐lactamase‐resistant semisynthetic penicillin, or both is advocated.     

IDS 基因同义突变致黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型一家系报告

目的探讨黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型(MPSⅡ)的临床表现及基因变异。方法分析1例MPSⅡ先证者及其家系成员的临床资料、基因检测及艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶活性检测结果。结果先证者,男,15岁,体格发育障碍、听力下降。影像学示脑室系统扩大,椎骨、肋骨等骨发育不良。尿黏多糖阳性。IDS的8号外显子同义突变(c.1122CT)。先证者及其母亲的艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶活性分别为0、6.96 nmol/(4h·mg)。诊断为MPSⅡ。家系中有6例患者及1例疑似者,全为男性,除先证者外,还有1例存活,其余4例夭折。1例疑似者于孕7月余时产前诊断脑积水终止妊娠。检测到5例女性携带者。结论先证者经艾杜糖-2-硫酸酯酶活性检测和基因检测确诊为MPSⅡ,发现多名女性致病基因携带者及男性患者。     

低浓度甲醛吸入对不同年龄Wistar大鼠海马脑片长时程增强的影响

目的探讨低浓度甲醛吸入后大鼠离体海马脑片长时程增强(LTP)的变化及此变化是否具有年龄差异性。方法选取健康Wistar大鼠32只。其中成年鼠和幼年鼠各12只,新生鼠8只。每个年龄段的大鼠随机分为对照组和甲醛染毒组。甲醛染毒组大鼠暴露于质量浓度为0.5 mg.m-3甲醛,染毒时间为每天2 h,连续30 d。染毒结束后制作离体海马脑片,利用膜片钳技术记录高频刺激(HFS)后海马脑片LTP,并分析兴奋性突触后场电位(fEPSP)的斜率和幅度变化。结果各年龄段甲醛染毒组在HFS后的第30分钟fEPSP的斜率和幅度均较同龄对照组降低。新生鼠中甲醛染毒组与对照组海马脑片HFS后30 min fEPSP的斜率分别为(118.1±9.7)%和(281.8±40.2)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在幼年鼠,甲醛染毒组与对照组海马脑片HFS后30 min fEPSP的斜率分别为(107.7±5.2)%和(289.5±64.7)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在成年鼠,甲醛染毒组与对照组海马脑片HFS后30 min fEPSP的斜率分别为(120.7±6.5)%和(197.9±38.1)%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。新生鼠甲醛染毒组与其对照组海马脑片HFS后30 min fEPSP的幅度分别为(111.1±4.9)%和(293.4±46.8)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);幼年鼠甲醛染毒组与其对照组海马脑片HFS后30 min fEPSP的幅度分别为(101.9±4.2)%和(266.9±51.0)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);成年鼠甲醛染毒组与其对照组海马脑片HFS后30 min fEPSP的幅度分别为(122.9±4.2)%和(191.2±33.6)%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论甲醛吸入染毒可抑制Wistar大鼠海马LTP的形成,且这种抑制作用具有年龄差异性,年龄越小,甲醛所造成的损伤越大。     

柯萨奇病毒A16型感染引起手足口病的研究进展

手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)是一种儿童常见传染性疾病,主要表现为发热和手、足、口、臀等部位出疹(典型皮疹为斑丘疹、丘疹、疱疹),可伴有咳嗽、流涕、食欲不振等症状,少数病例可出现中枢神经系统损害,甚至心肺功能衰竭危及生命[1]。柯萨奇病毒A16型(coxsackievirus A16,CA16)是引起HFMD主要病原体之一。近几年,非肠道病毒71型(enteroviruses 71,EV71)及肠道病毒感染引起重症感染有逐渐上升趋势,其中包括CA16[2-3]。但其发病机制尚不清楚,且无有效的治疗及预防措施。     

儿童新冠状病毒肺炎治疗药物研究进展

2019年12月,湖北省武汉市出现首批病因不明的肺炎患者,后经证实,该肺炎系一种病源尚未明确的新型冠状病毒[1]。2020年1月12日,世界卫生组织(WHO)将该新型冠状病毒命名为2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus disease,2019-nCoV),后根据病毒命名原则正式改名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2),而由该病毒感染引起的疾病被称为新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)。     

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2疫情期间儿童肾脏病房感染防控思维导图

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的疫情已经持续了近2个月,现处于疫情胶着的状态。因儿童SARSCoV-2感染症状不典型,慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患儿是高危感染人群,儿童肾脏专科病房的管理在复工、返校压力下,面临疫情防控的新挑战,国家临床研究中心肾脏病房、重庆市医学会儿科专委会肾脏学组,为进一步做好肾脏专科病房的疫情防控工作,结合目前疫情和相关防控建议,推荐SARS-CoV-2疫情期间儿童肾脏病房感染防控思维导图,以供儿童肾脏专科病房参考。     

新生儿早发败血症抗生素治疗的研究进展

调查发现全球每年约400万新生儿死亡,占5岁以下儿童死亡总人数的38%,其中约25%发生在生后1周内,感染为新生儿死亡的主要原因之一[1]。早发败血症是严重的新生儿感染性疾病,具有气促、惊厥或低血压等与感染相关的临床症状、体征,并在生后72 h内血培养阳性[2-3],部分学者将培养时间定义为生后6 d内[4-5]。