包虫病手术患者1312例流行病学资料分析

目的了解青藏高原包虫病的分布特点。方法对1992—2006年的1312例包虫病手术患者的相关资料进行分析。结果囊型和泡型包虫病均有分布。患者主要集中于21～50岁，20岁以下的患者相对较少，以藏族为主。囊型包虫病分布于四川省甘孜州和阿坝州的17个县以及青海省果洛州的5个县，而泡型包虫病同时分布于其中的大部分地区。结论囊型和泡型包虫病同时流行于四川省的西北部和青海省的东南部。     

“十三五”期间四川省肺结核流行病学特征分析

  目的   评价“十三五”期间四川省肺结核报告发病情况及防控效果,为“十四五”期间全省肺结核的防控重点提供参考。  方法   利用传染病监测系统报告的肺结核疫情资料,描述四川省2016—2020年肺结核流行病学特征。  结果  2016—2020年,四川省肺结核报告发病数和报告发病率均逐年下降,年均下降率为5.35%,2020年降至55.19/10万;肺结核患者的病原学阳性报告比例持续上升,至2020年已超过50%。 2020年上半年的波动较大,2月较1月下降了20.76%,3月较2月上升了30.87%。 2020年,成都市等12个地市的肺结核报告发病率在55/10万以下,甘孜藏族自治州、凉山彝族自治州 、 阿坝藏族羌族自治州的肺结核报告发病率均在100/10万以上。 2016—2020年,报告发病数的男女性别比均在7∶3左右,年龄分组以15～59岁为主,但＜15岁的构成比持续增加。 学生人群发现水平上升,2020年报告发病数较2016年增加了52.99%,构成比从2016年的5.61%上升到2020年的10.47%。  结论   “十三五”期间,全省肺结核报告发病率、病原学阳性率达到“十三五”规划目标。 “十四五”期间,应进一步加强漏报漏登管理工作,并继续加强学校结核病防控工作。     

Specificity of tuberculin skin test improved by BCG immunization schedule change in Japan

IntroductionTuberculin skin test (TST) has been used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated patients, TST tends to produce false-positive results. According to the previous vaccination schedule, Japanese people were mandated to receive up to three doses of BCG-vaccine. The vaccination schedule was changed in 2003 and as per the new schedule, only infants are administered a dose of BCG vaccine. Our hypothesis is that this change can lead to a reduction in the cross-reaction to TST.MethodsWe evaluated the TST results obtained from 1097 recruits from six defense camps and 667 recruits from an air base. These TST data were divided into two groups according to the date of birth: a new group and an old group according to the BCG immunization schedule. We then analyzed positive and negative reaction of TST and erythema sizes.ResultsWe confirmed that the change in BCG-vaccination schedule significantly decreased TST false-positive reaction (P_meta = 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁸; risk ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.87) and erythema size (P_meta = 1.1 × 10⁻⁴; mean difference = 6.6 mm; 95% confidence interval: 3.2 mm–9.9 mm).ConclusionsWe showed the reduction in BCG cross-reaction to TST, in the new BCG vaccination schedule group, compared to the old group, we also have extracted information on the improvement in the specificity of TST for LTBI and TB diagnosis, which resulted from BCG schedule change.     

16S rDNA序列分析法在注射剂微生物污染鉴定及溯源分析中的应用

目的 对一次注射剂无菌检查阳性结果进行溯源。方法 采用16S rDNA序列分析法对污染菌A1和污染调查中采集的16株葡萄球菌进行鉴定和同源性分析,并将分析结果用脉冲场凝胶电泳进行验证。结果 A1的鉴定结果为科氏葡萄球菌;科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种菌株的核糖体16S亚基序列完全相同;结合PFGE分析显示A1来自无菌检查使用的隔离器污染。结论 制药企业可以使用16S rDNA序列分析法进行生产和检验中污染菌的鉴定和溯源,但对于与如科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种一样核糖体16S亚基序列完全相同的菌株,需要结合其他同源性分析方法进行最终的判定。     

尼帕病毒N基因的原核表达

目的利用尼帕病毒(NiV)的N基因进行原核表达,探讨NiV N蛋白作为检测NiV存在的抗原的可能性。方法利用pET-28a(+)作为表达载体,构建pET-NiV N重组质粒,通过IPTG诱导使其表达蛋白,并用Western blot方法进行原核表达NiV N蛋白的检测。结果通过PCR、酶切和连接反应,成功构建N蛋白的pET-NiV N重组质粒,大小为1596 bp;利用IPTG诱导pET-NiV N重组质粒在宿主菌中表达N蛋白,SDS-PAGE结果显示,55 k D有特异蛋白条带,与蛋白预计大小相符,经Bandscan软件扫描分析,重组蛋白量占菌体总蛋白量的12%;Western blot法检测显示,55 k D的条带显色良好,证明是本实验所需要得到的目的蛋白。结论使用原核表达系统成功表达了NiV的N蛋白,为其进一步的抗体制备、活性鉴定及研究应用奠定了基础。     

Adjuvant Efficacy of Nutrition Support During Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treating Course: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:

Malnutrition and tuberculosis (TB) tend to interact with each other. TB may lead to nutrition deficiencies that will conversely delay recovery by depressing immune functions. Nutrition support can promote recovery in the subject being treated for TB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition support on promoting the recovery of adult pulmonary TB patients with anti-TB drug therapy.

Methods:

English database of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese database of CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WANFANG were searched. Randomized controlled trials comparing nutrition support (given for more than 2 weeks) with no nutrition intervention, nutrition advice only, or placebo-control for TB patients being anti-TB treated were included. Two reviewers conducted data extraction, assessed the quality of the studies independently, and any discrepancies were solved by the third reviewer. Data were entered and analyzed by RevMan 5.2 software, and meta-analysis was done using risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous variables and mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

A total of 19 studies (3681 participants) were included. In nutritional support for TB patients, pooled RR and its 95% CI of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and chest X-ray (CXR) absorption rate were 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) and 1.22 (1.08, 1.39), respectively, the pooled MD and its 95% CI of body mass index (BMI) and time of sputum smears or culture negativity were 0.59 (0.16, 1.2) and − 5.42 (−7.93, −2.92), respectively, compared with the control group. The differences in outcomes of CXR zone affected, TB score, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were not statistically significant (P = 0.76, 0.24, 0.28, and 0.20, respectively) between the intervention group and the control group. No systemic adverse events were recorded.

Conclusions:

During anti-TB course, nutrition support may be helpful in treatment of TB patients by improving both sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and BMI, shortening the time of sputum conversion negative. Whether it can improve the final clinical effect, there still needs high-level quality studies to confirm in the future.     

黑色塑料地膜覆盖灭螺近期效果观察

目的观察有螺排灌沟使用黑色塑料地膜结合氯硝柳胺不同用量一次性喷洒与未覆盖近期灭螺效果。方法选择1条有螺排灌沟，分12段，覆盖6段分设氯硝柳胺0、2、4、6、8、10g/m^2组。未覆盖6段分设空白对照，氯硝柳胺2、4、6、8、10g／0组，试前各组按系统抽样法每组调查7框，捕获框内全部土表钉螺观察。调查后各组按设计用药量每m^2加水1000ml配制喷洒，各组覆盖黑色塑料地膜。试后12个组1、2、3、5、7、10d按试前调查方法捕获钉螺观察，同时每天8、10、12、16、18时测环境气温覆盖与未覆盖土表、土内3cm、6cm、15cm处温度。结果覆盖组10：00-16：00土表温度最高，晴天维持在40℃～62℃之间，土层内3～15em深处均在22℃～36℃之间。在盖膜10d内，无药组累计钉螺死亡率44．55％，密度下降72．90％，加药各组死亡率为64．79％～85．59％。密度下降率84．83％～95．24％，未覆盖各组死亡率58．03％～83．81％，密度下降率59．96％～90．17％。结论黑色塑料地膜灭螺近期效果，喷药各组均比不喷药组钉螺死亡率和活螺平均密度下降率高，同时高于对应未覆盖各组，该方法省时、省工、操作简便，灭螺效果好，易检查考核，适合多种有螺环境灭螺，宜继续研究和推广应用。     

捕获-再捕获方法在四川省彭州市全死因死亡漏报评价中的应用

目的 应用捕获-再捕获方法估计2012-2013年彭州市全死因死亡率,评价死亡漏报情况,同时对应用效果进行评估。方法 从死因监测系统、乡镇计划生育办公室、村委会3个途径获取2012-2013年常住人口在彭州市的全死因死亡记录。在不同来源的数据记录之间,用姓名、姓名拼音字母、性别、出生日期、居住乡镇进行匹配。采用连接函数为对数(log)的线性模型对3个样本进行拟合,估计全死因死亡人数。结果 应用捕获-再捕获方法估计全死因死亡人数13 594人(95%CI:13 537～13 651),死亡率为1.77%,高于网报登记死亡率1.41%和合并样本死亡率1.68%。捕获-再捕获方法估计的死亡人数作为分母,计算3样本合并后的漏失率为5.29%;死因监测系统漏报率为20.37%,高于样本合并后的死亡人数作为分母的死因网报漏报率(15.92%)。结论 任何一个样本,死亡记录都不完整,即使3个样本合并后仍然存在漏失的情况,捕获-再捕获方法可以用来校正由于死因监测系统漏报造成的误差,更准确地评价实际死亡水平。     

Air Pollution modifies the association between successful and pathological aging throughout the frailty condition

The rapid growth in the number of older adults has many implications for public health, including the need to better understand the risks posed by environmental exposures. Aging leads to a decline and deterioration of functional properties at the cellular, tissue and organ level. This loss of functional properties yields to a loss of homeostasis and decreased adaptability to internal and external stress. Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by weakness, weight loss, and low activity that is associated with adverse health outcomes. Frailty manifests as an age-related, biological vulnerability to stressors and decreased physiological reserves. Ambient air pollution exposure affects human health, and elderly people appear to be particularly susceptible to its adverse effects.The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of air pollution in the modulation of several biological mechanisms involved in aging. Evidence is presented on how air pollution can modify the bidirectional association between successful and pathological aging throughout the frailty conditions.     

四川省2011—2019年血吸虫病疫情分析

目的 分析2011—2019 年四川省血吸虫病疫情变化特征,为今后血吸虫病防治工作提供参考。方法 收集2011—2019 年四川省血吸虫病防治工作年报资料;采用描述性统计方法分析血吸虫病疫情变化,使用独立样本的χ²检验进行组间率的比较,使用Arima模型对四川省未来3年的血防相关指标进行预测。结果 截至2019年底四川省52个区县达到血吸虫病除标准,2011—2019年四川省无新发急性血吸虫病和慢性血吸虫病病例,目前四川省现存1 526例晚血病人,2016—2019年全省有螺框出现率和活螺密度均呈下降趋势（P<0.05）。结论 2011—2019年四川省血吸虫病疫情稳定,但存在钉螺面积扩散、疫情反复等潜在风险,控制钉螺扩散、晚血救助和预防控制新发病例仍是未来工作的难点和重点。