双腔气囊小肠镜对小肠炎症性疾病相关狭窄的治疗

目的：探讨双腔气囊小肠镜的内镜下球囊扩张(endoscopic balloon dilation,EBD)和狭窄切开(endoscopic stricturotomy with needle knife,NKSt)对于小肠炎症性疾病相关狭窄治疗的安全性及有效性。方法：收集2015年7月至 2018年9月在中南大学湘雅三医院行双腔气囊小肠镜狭窄治疗的患者14例,病变部位16处,内镜下干预16次(EBD 11次 和NKSt 5次)。术后定期随访,观察患者的临床症状缓解和复发情况,以及是否能替代外科手术。结果：14例患者均 成功行内镜治疗,操作成功率100%,未发生穿孔、大出血等严重并发症。EBD和NKSt患者分别在随访5.9~35.3(中位 数26.1)个月及1.6~17.8(中位数8.3)个月内梗阻症状得到有效缓解,其中2例患者随访期间出现再次梗阻,予以保守对 症处理后缓解,未行外科手术干预。结论：小肠镜下治疗(EBD和NKSt)对小肠炎症性疾病狭窄安全有效,可以推迟 外科手术时间。     

Effect and Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides on Human Fibroblasts and Skin Wound Healing in Mice

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides(GL-PS) on human fibroblasts and skin wound healing in Kunming male mice and to explore the putative molecular mechanism. Methods: Primary human skin fibroblasts were cultured. The viability of fibroblasts treated with 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg/mL of GL-PS, respectively were detected by 3-4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2-Htetrazolium bromide(MTT). The migration ability of fibroblasts treated with 0, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL of GL-PS were measured by transwell assay. The secretion of the C-terminal peptide of procollagen type Ⅰ(CICP) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the cell supernatant was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of β-catenin was detected by Western blot. Furthermore, the Kunming mouse model with full-layer skin resection trauma was established, and was treated with 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL of GL-PS, respectively as external use. The size of the wound was measured daily, complete healing time in each group was recorded and the percentage of wound contraction was calculated. Results: Compared with the control group, 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL of GL-PS significantly increased the viability of fibroblasts, promoted the migration ability of fibroblasts, and up-regulated the expressions of CICP and TGF-β1 in fibroblasts(P0.05 or P0.01). The expression of β-catenin in fibroblasts treated with 20 and 40 μg/mL of GL-PS was significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.01). Furthermore, after external use of 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL of GL-PS, the rates of wound healing in mice were significantly higher and the wound healing time was significantly less than the control group(P0.05 or P0.01). Conclusion: A certain concentration of GL-PS may promote wound healing via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and up-regulation of TGF-β1, which might serve as a promising source of skin wound healing.     

Survivin蛋白和BRAF基因在甲状腺癌中的表达

甲状腺癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤.如何鉴别及确定良、恶性甲状腺结节并估计预后的特异性肿瘤分子标记物对于甲状腺肿瘤患者的诊断和治疗具有重要意义.本文就与甲状腺癌发生发展及预后相关的BRAF基因和Survivin蛋白的表达两个方面予以综述.     

幽门螺杆菌感染的危害和防控

幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染是人类最常见的慢性感染之一，目前我国人群中的HP感染率仍高达40%～50%。HP感染者几乎均会发生慢性活动性胃炎，部分感染者可发生消化性溃疡、消化不良，少数感染者可发展至胃癌，HP感染是胃部疾病的罪魁祸首。此外，HP感染与不明原因缺铁性贫血、特发性血小板减少性紫癜等胃外疾病的发病密切相关。根除HP对HP感染相关疾病的治疗和预防起重要作用。HP感染可通过口-口、粪-口和胃-口途径在人-人之间传播；HP主要在家庭内传播；改变不良卫生习惯可减少其传播。     

鼻咽癌患者抑郁症影响因素研究

目的探讨鼻咽癌患者抑郁症发病的影响因素,以便及时有效解决癌症患者的心理问题。方法应用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)及自制鼻咽癌患者抑郁症影响因素调查问卷进行调查。结果调查456例鼻咽癌患者抑郁症发生率为40.35%。年龄≤50岁者抑郁症发生率高于>50岁患者(χ2=4.02,P<0.05)。家庭经济状况条件越差,抑郁症发生也越高(χ2=20.15,P<0.05)。癌症发生转移患者和副反应程度越重患者,抑郁症发生率也越高(χ2=19.19、21.81,P均<0.05),而鼻咽癌患者抑郁症发生率与性别、文化程度无关(P>0.05)。结论影响鼻咽癌抑郁发病因素主要是年龄、经济状况、癌症有无转移及副反应程度等,对鼻咽癌患者应进行适当的心理疏导,让患者树立战胜疾病的信心是降低鼻咽癌患者抑郁症发生率的重要措施。     

Antioxidative Potential of Duranta Repens (Linn.) Fruits Against H2O2 Induced Cell Death In Vitro

The effects of Duranta repens fruits were investigated on H₂O₂ induced oxidative cell death to evaluate its antioxidative potential in vitro. HEK293T cells were treated with different concentrations [0–1000 µg/ ml] of ethanol extract (E-Ex) and methanol extract (M-Ex) of D. repens for 24h, and then treated with 100 µM H₂O₂ for 24h. Cell viability, antioxidant parameters of cells, and antioxidant constituents of the extracts were determined. Treatment with limited dose of E-Ex or M-Ex increased the survival rate of H₂O₂-treated HEK293T cells, however the extra-high dose showed growth inhibitory effect. Treatment with E-Ex or M-Ex protected cellular lipid per-oxidation. In vitro analyses showed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and H₂O₂ scavenging activities as well as reducing potential of the extracts. We report here that the limited dose of E-Ex and M-Ex possess antioxidative potential, which can protect H₂O₂-induced oxidative cell damage.     

医院消毒供应中心工作人员锐器伤研究进展

锐器伤指在工作中被针头、手术器械、玻璃制品、医疗仪器设备、医疗废弃物及其他锐利物品刺伤和割伤皮肤而导致有被病原微生物感染风险的意外事件［1］。医院消毒供应中心承担着医院各种医疗器械的回收、清洗、消毒工作，是各种医疗污染物集中的地方，也是医院锐器伤高危科室之一。2009年，卫生部《医院消毒供应中心管理规范》［2］卫生行业标准实施后，医院消毒供应中心工作模式也由分散式管理改变为集中管理，医院内所有需要重复使用的器械、物品均由消毒供应中心统一处置，消毒供应中心诊疗器械、器具和物品处理的操作流程由回收、分类、清洗、消毒、干燥、器械检查与保养、包装、灭菌、储存、发放10个工作环节组成。而在这10个工作环节中，因前5个工作环节接触锐器较多，加之消毒供应中心工作任务成倍增加，工作人员数量却没有相应增加，以至于工作人员不得不加快速度完成日常工作，从而大大增加了工作人员锐器伤的职业风险，由针刺伤和刀割伤造成的职业暴露引发经血源感染的危险日趋严重。