广西壮族自治区男男性行为者HIV非职业暴露后预防效果分析

目的 分析广西壮族自治区南宁、柳州市MSM使用抗病毒药物进行HIV非职业暴露后预防（nPEP）效果。方法 搭建社会组织-CDC/医院-药店（“三位一体”）的服务合作模式，通过社区宣传倡导，现场招募研究对象。收集入组研究满28 d参加者的基本信息、药物使用情况和随访检测情况，采用描述性统计进行分析。结果 2017年9月至2019年3月，共有213名男男性行为者咨询暴露后预防用药，其中159人符合预防用药标准，接受服药154人。入组研究满28 d的132人，其中连续服药满28 d的118人、未服药满28 d的10人、因失访无法证实是否完成服药的4人。服药满28 d的服务对象中，94.1%（111/118）于暴露后4～6周接受了HIV随访检测，75.4%（89/118）于暴露后3个月接受了HIV随访检测，结果均为阴性。结论 在“三位一体”模式下，发生HIV非职业暴露后尽早使用抗病毒药物预防可以降低HIV感染的风险，在一定程度上减少HIV新发感染数。     

Breastfeeding Practices and Overweight/Obesity Among Children Under 5 Years of Age: A Multistage Random Sampling Survey in Central and Western China

Maternal and Child Health Journal - To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children under 5 years old, assess the indicators of breastfeeding practices, and explore the...     

Recent key advances in human immunodeficiency virus medicine and implications for China

In this article we summarize several recent major developments in human immunodeficiency virus treatment, prevention, outcome, and social policy change. Updated international guidelines endorse more aggressive treatment strategies and safer antiretroviral drugs. New antiretroviral options are being tested. Important lessons were learned in the areas of human immunodeficiency virus vaccines and microbicide gels from clinical studies, and additional trials in prevention, especially pre-exposure prophylaxis, are nearing completion. Insight into the role of the virus in the pathogenesis of diseases traditionally thought to be unrelated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has become a driving force for earlier and universal therapy. Lastly, we review important achievements of and future challenges facing China as she steps into her eighth year of the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program.     

定西市2005年出生儿童乙型肝炎疫苗首针及时接种率及影响因素调查

[目的]寻找影响定西市新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗首针(HepB1)及时接种的因素,探索提高贫困山区新生儿HepB1及时接种率的方法。[方法]通过查阅资料、入户调查、问卷调查等方式收集相关资料。[结果]共调查2005年出生新生儿840名,住院分娩率48.93%,HepB1及时接种率61.31%,其中住院分娩新生儿HepB1及时接种率88.56%,在家分娩新生儿HepB1及时接种率35.20%。未住院分娩的原因主要是住院费用太高、离医院太远和认为住院分娩没有必要(占87.18%)。村级接种工作仍以入户接种(占82.16%)为主,从所在村到乡镇卫生院领取疫苗和入户接种主要通过步行(分别占43.11%和68.58%)完成。[结论]定西市2005年新生儿HepB1及时接种率处于较低水平。主要影响因素是经济文化落后、新生儿住院分娩率较低、免疫规划宣传不够、对辖区内的孕产妇和新生儿摸底不清等。今后要通过加大宣传教育力度、开展孕产妇和新生儿入户调查摸底、加强与妇幼机构和妇检机构的合作等措施,进一步提高新生儿HepB1及时接种率。     

A rubella outbreak investigation and BRD-II strain rubella vaccine effectiveness study,Harbin city,Heilongjiang province,China, 2010–2011

Background

In the 1990s, China introduced rubella vaccine into the private market using BRD-II virus strain, which is different than the globally used RA27/3 strain. In 2007, BRD-II rubella containing vaccine was introduced into the national immunization program and recommended for routine use. However, to our knowledge, there are no field vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies of BRD-II rubella vaccine. In April 2011, a rubella outbreak was detected in two daycare centers in Harbin city, China. We conducted an investigation to determine VE of BRD-II rubella vaccine.

Methods

Rubella cases were either laboratory-confirmed or epidemiologically linked to laboratory-confirmed cases. We collected demographic characteristics, migrant status, and history of rubella and measles vaccination from all children in the two daycare centers.

Results

The first case of rubella was on 22 November, 2010. Among the 143 children in the two daycare centers, 22 acquired rubella, for an overall attack rate (AR) of 15.4% (22/143). The AR in higher-grade classes (21.7%) was higher than in lower grade classes (3.9%). The AR among migrant children (47.8%) was higher than among local children (9.2%). Rubella vaccine coverage was 17% (24/143), while measles vaccine coverage was 100%. The AR among rubella-vaccinated children was 0% (0/24), and the AR among rubella-unvaccinated children was 18.5% (22/119), for a VE of 100% (P value = 0.025, 95% CI: 35–100%). Rubella vaccine coverage among children born before 2007 was 10.2% (10/98), and was lower than that for children born in 2007 or after (31.1% (14/45), RR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.16–0.68). Emergency vaccination was conducted on 11 and 12 April 2011, and the outbreak stopped in one week later.

Conclusions

Domestic BRD-II strain rubella vaccine showed high vaccine effectiveness against rubella. Rubella vaccine coverage through routine immunization was insufficient. Consideration should be given for measuring rubella vaccine coverage to determine the need for catch-up vaccination in China.     

水通道蛋白抑制剂和分子靶向治疗的研究进展

水通道蛋白是细胞膜转运水分子的特异性通道蛋白,在维持机体水平衡中发挥重要作用。研究发现水通道蛋白广泛分布在人体各组织器官,其表达异常与一系列水平衡紊乱导致的疾病密切相关。近年来针对水通道蛋白的基础研究、水通道蛋白特异性抑制剂和水通道蛋白分子靶向治疗等取得了诸多进展,本文对此进行综述。     

0~3月龄婴儿家长睡眠养育行为特点及影响因素的纵向研究

目的分析婴儿0~3月龄期间家长睡眠养育行为的特点及影响因素,为婴儿早期睡眠养育行为的预见性指导提供参考依据。方法采用纵向研究设计于2013-2015年对我国5个城市156例婴儿0~3月龄期间家长睡眠养育行为进行监测,监测时点分别为生后14 d、1、2月龄和3月龄,内容包括夜晚入睡方式、就寝时精神状态和睡床方式。按不同年龄点进行各行为发生率的统计描述和CMHχ^2检验,采用广义线性混合模型(GLMMs)进行家长睡眠养育行为的影响因素分析。结果监测期间观察夜晚婴儿由家长抱着入睡、放在床上轻拍或陪伴入睡和单独自行入睡的比例分别为54.4%、35.9%和9.7%,且随月龄增加,家长抱着入睡的比例呈上升趋势(P<0.0001)。婴儿就寝时被放置到床上时已睡着、犯困但未睡着和完全清醒的比例分别为63.7%、28.6%和7.7%,随月龄增加,犯困但未睡着的比例逐渐下降(P=0.0003)。与家人同床睡眠、同屋但单独小床睡眠、家人抱着睡眠以及单独房间睡眠的比例分别为53.8%、42.4%、2.0%和1.8%,随月龄增加,与家人同床睡眠的比例逐步增多(P<0.0001)。父母文化程度均为大学及以上、家庭月收入水平在5001~8000元和父亲抑郁情绪对睡眠养育行为有显著影响(OR=0.46,2.55,1.60,0.57,P<0.05或<0.001)。结论我国婴儿早期家长睡眠养育方式以家长安抚入睡、在已睡着的状态下放置床上睡眠和同床睡眠为主,需要加强预见性指导。