合肥市924名孕妇不同时期焦虑动态变化及影响因素分析

目的描述合肥市参与产前筛查的孕妇不同时期的焦虑变化及影响因素。方法选取参与产前筛查孕妇924例,采用焦虑自评量表分别在产前筛查前、产前筛查后、孕晚期(≥28周)和产后6周对孕妇焦虑症状进行评估。结果产前筛查前、产前筛查后、孕晚期、产后6周焦虑症状得分分别为(25.7±5.3)分、(25.5±5.1)分、(24.7±5.3)分、(23.9±6.4)分,整体得分呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(F=19.964,P<0.001)。产前筛查前,怀孕年龄为25~30岁是焦虑症状发生的保护因素(OR=0.323,95%CI:0.130~0.805),从事以脑力为主的职业(OR=2.641,95%CI:1.136~6.141)、患妇科病(OR=2.695,95%CI:1.166~6.231)是焦虑症状发生的危险因素;产前筛查后,孕妇产次为2次及以上是焦虑症状发生的危险因素(OR=6.611,95%CI:1.541~28.367);孕晚期,怀孕年龄为25~30岁是焦虑症状发生的保护因素(OR=0.215,95%CI:0.064~0.723);在产后6周,产筛高风险是焦虑症状发生的危险因素(OR=2.729,95%CI:1.012~7.360)。结论从产前筛查前到产后6周孕妇整体焦虑症状减轻。孕妇不同时期焦虑症状的影响因素既有共性也有不同。     

母亲童年期不良经历与学龄前儿童睡眠质量的关联

  目的  分析母亲童年期不良经历(adverse childhood experiences, ACEs)与学龄前儿童睡眠质量之间的关联。  方法  采用分层整群抽样方法,选取合肥市4个主城区、3个开发区、3个县和1个地级市7 318名学龄前儿童,使用ACEs问卷和儿童睡眠评估问卷等进行调查,建立多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析母亲ACEs与学龄前儿童睡眠质量的关联。  结果  学龄前儿童睡眠质量不良检出率为34.31%。调整胎次、父母文化水平、父母职业和家庭结构等混杂因素,母亲有ACEs组学龄前儿童睡眠质量不良的检出率高于母亲无ACEs组,OR(95% CI)值为1.62(1.45~1.81) (P＜0.05)。母亲ACEs与学龄前男童、女童睡眠质量不良的风险增加相关,男童OR(95%CI)值为1.66(1.42~1.93),女童OR(95% CI)值为1.58(1.35~1.86)(均有P＜0.05)。  结论  母亲ACEs暴露与学龄前儿童睡眠质量不良相关,促进学龄前儿童睡眠健康需要关注母亲ACEs的代际效应。     

校园欺凌事件旁观者不作为行为研究进展

近年来，校园欺凌事件频繁发生，已引起了社会各界的广泛关注。在欺凌事件中除了欺凌者和被欺凌者两个重要角色外，旁观者这一庞大群体的影响力也不容小觑，已构成校园欺凌的重要组成部分，并对欺凌事件的发生和发展具有一定的调控作用。然而，在现实生活中，旁观者对欺凌行为往往表现出漠然的态度，研究系统阐述了旁观者的类型、旁观者不作为的影响因素及其危害，为后续将消极旁观者转化为积极保护者提供有力的依据，以期减少校园欺凌事件的发生。     

Activation of the IL-1β/CXCL1/MMP-10 axis in chorioamnionitis induced by inactivated Group B Streptococcus

Infection or inflammation during pregnancy is known to lead to maternal immune activation triggering a fetal inflammatory response syndrome associated with deleterious effects, such as brain injury and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) - one of the most common bacterium colonizing pregnant women - can be responsible for chorioamnionitis. Given that interleukin (IL)-1β has a major role in anti-GBS host defense, we hypothesized that IL-1β-driven innate immune response is implicated in GBS-induced chorioamnionitis. Using a rat model of GBS-induced chorioamnionitis, this study showed that inflammatory response to this pathogen was associated with maternal and placental IL-1β hyper expression. Following placental chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) production, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) placental infiltration started at 24 h post-GBS exposure, and MMP-10 was released within these placentas. At 72 h, PMN infiltration extended to membranes and to membranes' arteries. This was associated with IL-1β release within the fetus blood at 72 h. Such a GBS-associated inflammatory cascade might be deleterious for fetal organs. These results pave the way toward targeted placento-protective anti-inflammatory strategies against GBS-induced chorioamnionitis.     

Obeticholic acid alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via its anti-inflammatory effects in mice

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common disease that may result in acute respiratory failure and death. However, there are still no effective treatments for ALI. Several studies have shown that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has an anti-inflammatory effect. We investigated the effects of obeticholic acid (OCA), an agonist of FXR, on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. Sixty male mice were randomly divided into six groups, and orally administered with or without OCA once daily for 3 consecutive days before LPS (1.0 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed at 0 h, 2 h or 6 h after LPS. As expected, OCA enhanced pulmonary FXR activity. OCA prevented LPS-induced ALI. Additional experiment showed that OCA alleviated LPS-induced up-regulation of pulmonary pro-inflammatory and chemokine genes. Moreover, OCA also repressed LPS-induced the release of TNF-α and KC in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast, OCA further up-regulated LPS-induced the expression of Il-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Further study showed that OCA inhibited LPS-evoked NF-κB signaling in the lungs. OCA attenuated LPS-induced ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and Akt phosphorylation in the lungs. Overall, these results suggest that OCA prevent LPS-induced ALI may be through enhancing pulmonary FXR activity and then blockading several inflammatory signaling pathways.     

Prenatal exposure to lead in relation to risk of preterm low birth weight: A matched case–control study in China

We investigated the association between prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) and the risk of preterm low birth weight (PLBW). Pb concentrations in maternal urine collected at birth from 408 subjects (102 cases and 306 matched controls) were analyzed and adjusted by creatinine. The median Pb concentration in the PLBW cases (10.60 μg Pb/g creatinine) was higher than that of the controls (7.28 μg Pb/g creatinine). An adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.96 (95% CI = 1.49–5.87) for PLBW was observed when the highest tertile was compared to the lowest tertile of Pb levels. The association was more pronounced among female infants (adjusted OR = 3.67 for the highest tertile; 95% CI = 1.35–9.93) than male infants (adjusted OR = 1.91 for the highest tertile; 95% CI = 0.74–4.95). Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to levels of Pb encountered today in China is associated with an elevated risk of PLBW.     

童年期虐待与单胺氧化酶A基因多态性在青少年反社会行为中的交互作用

青少年反社会行为给个人健康、家庭和社会都带来沉重的负担，引起了公众的广泛关注。目前，大多数研究已证实童年期虐待、单胺氧化酶A基因与反社会行为之间存在关联。然而，关于童年期虐待与单胺氧化酶A基因交互作用与反社会行为之间的关联性尚存在争议。本文旨在对童年期虐待与单胺氧化酶A基因交互作用与青少年反社会行为的最新研究成果及其可能的作用机制进行综述，发现童年期虐待与单胺氧化酶A基因可能通过影响大脑中特定的神经环路、改变情绪调节功能等交互作用于反社会行为。此外，本综述剖析了当前研究结果不一致的可能原因，为今后研究指明方向，也为青少年反社会行为的预防控制提供科学依据。