人源高致病性H5N1不同蚀斑特性病毒致病力研究

目的分析不同空斑特性病毒致病力的差异,为禽流感病毒跨种属传播机制研究提供新的思路与依据。方法利用病毒蚀斑技术,从A/Beijing/01/03(H5N1)(BJ01)病毒中分离纯化不同蚀斑特性的病毒——较大和较小蚀斑病毒。采用纯化的大、小斑病毒滴鼻感染小鼠,观察并记录感染后14d小鼠体重和死亡数变化,分析大、小斑病毒致病力的差异。结果 BJ01株原始病毒呈现大小不一的混合斑状态,从BJ01株分离纯化了大斑病毒L1、L2和小斑病毒S1、S2、S3,其中小斑病毒S1和S2的致病力较强,大斑病毒L1和小斑病毒S3的致病力较弱,大斑病毒L2病毒致病力最弱。同种空斑特性的病毒致病力差异显著,不同空斑特性病毒在致病力上也存在显著差异。结论 H5N1病毒的空斑大小与病毒致病力没有线性相关性,但可以根据空斑大小,利用蚀斑技术分离纯化出致病力差异明显的病毒。     

骚扰库蚊上海新纪录及其自育性及对四种杀虫剂的抗性水平研究

本文对在上海采集到的骚扰库蚊幼虫进行鉴定,研究其在实验室条件下的自育性,采用WHO推荐的浸渍法研究了其对溴氰菊酯、倍硫磷、双硫磷和高效氯氰菊酯4种杀虫剂的抗性.结果表明,采集到的幼虫为骚扰库蚊,为上海新纪录.实验室观察表明,其自育率为39.40%,雄蚊阳茎DV/D的比值在-0.0190～-0.1302之间,呼吸管毛1～S第1和第2对毛均分2～6枝.抗性检测结果表明,骚扰库蚊对溴氰菊酯、倍硫磷、双硫磷和高效氯氰菊酯均产生了不同程度的抗性,抗性倍数分别为192.59、30.03、19.79和17.90.     

一种多因子组合型空气净化器对微生物气溶胶净化效果的测试

目的评价一种多因子组合型空气净化器对实验产生的细菌、真菌气溶胶的净化效果。方法通过在气溶胶密闭测试柜内人工发生细菌、真菌气溶胶,采用安德森微生物采样器采样和检测方法,评价该组合型空气净化器对空气中细菌、真菌净化效果。结果在本实验条件下,产生的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌等3种微生物气溶胶发生量为(220～228)μl/min;此3种微生物气溶胶粒子数量中值直径分别为1.79μm、1.94μm和1.60μm。本试验多因子组合型空气净化器对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌气溶胶的净化效率(除菌率)分别为99.23%、99.69%和99.70%。结论本实验室人工产生的细菌、真菌气溶胶符合试验要求,所检测的多因子组合型空气净化器对3种试验菌气溶胶净化效果均达到99%以上。     

传染病模型分析与预测方法研究进展

近年来,新发传染病不断出现,曾经被消灭和控制的旧传染病也有死灰复燃之势,生物袭击造成的传染病发生和流行时有出现,所有这些使得人类面临传染病形势日趋严峻.在这种复杂的情况下如何最大限度地减轻疫情影响和造成的损失已经成为值得研究的重要课题.     

吗啡对拉米夫定抗HIV-1药效影响的体外MT2细胞实验研究

目的 探讨吗啡是否影响拉米夫定(3TC)抗HIV-1的抗病毒效果.方法 MT2细胞随机分为吗啡+3TC、吗啡+纳洛酮+3TC、纳洛酮+3TC处理组及3TC对照组和病毒对照组;用纳洛酮处理相应组的MT2细胞0.5 h后,加入吗啡处理细胞24 h,然后每组细胞加入等量的HIV-1ⅢB病毒和3TC溶液;病毒感染细胞第3、4、5和6天,取培养上清,用ELISA法检测培养上清的HIV-1 p24抗原,根据p24抗原表达量,计算各个处理组的3TC抗HIV-1 p24抗原抑制率.结果 HIV-1感染细胞第3和第4天,吗啡+3TC处理组的3TC抗HIV-1 p24抗原抑制率最低,与3TC对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);吗啡+纳洛酮+3TC处理组和纳洛酮+3TC处理组的3TC抗HIV-1 p24抗原抑制率相当,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),这两组分别与3TC对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病毒感染细胞第5和第6天,各处理组的3TC抗HIV-1 p24抗原抑制率与3TC对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各个处理组的3TC抗HIV-1 p24抗原抑制率随感染时间延长而降低,呈现时间一效应关系.结论 吗啡在病毒感染初期能降低3TC 的抗HIV-1药效;纳洛酮能够阻滞吗啡降低3TC的抗HIV-1药效作用.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether morphine having the ability to influence the antiviral effect of lamivudine(3TC)in vitro study.Methods MT2 cells were randomly assigned into morphine+3TC treatment group,morphine+naloxone+3TC treatment group,naloxone+3TC treatment group.Both 3TC and virus control groups were set up.The corresponding MT2 cells were treated with opiates antagonist(naloxone)for 0.5 hours before the 24-hours morphine treatment program was implemented while all of the groups were then infected with equal amounts of cell-free HIV-1 ⅢB strain and 3TC.HIV-1 p24 antigen in culture supernatants collected at days 3,4,5 and 6after infection status was tested and the inhibition of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen of various treatment groups calculated.Results Inhibition of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen of Morphine+3TC treatment group was the lowest when HIV-1 infected cells at 3rd and 4th day and showed significant difierence (P<0.05)when compared to the 3TC control.However,there was no statistically significant difference among them(P>0.05),when virus was infected the cells at 5th and 6th day.The difference of 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen inhibition between the morphine+naloxone+3TC treatment group and the naloxone+3TC treatment group was not significant(P>0.05).Similar results were obtained when these two groups were compared to the 3TC control group(P>0.05),respectively.The 3TC anti-HIV-1 p24 antigen inhibition of each treatment group reduced as the time of infection prolonged,showing a significant and time-course effbct.Conclusion The 3TC antiviral effect was reduced by morphine in the early stage of infection,and could be blocked by naloxone.     

病毒气溶胶飞沫在室内环境中传播扩散机制的研究进展

该文综述了病毒气溶胶飞沫的物理特性,病毒气溶胶飞沫在室内环境中传播扩散机制的3种研究方法,即理论分析法、数值模拟法和实验研究法的研究进展,指出了病毒气溶胶飞沫在室内环境中传播扩散机制的研究中存在的问题和发展趋势。     

海南岛发现蠛蠓属4新种

目的调查海南省蠓类的种群组成及其分布,为海南省有效地预防和控制由吸血蠓类为媒介传播的传染病的暴发与流行提供科学依据。方法以挥网形式捕捉蠓类。结果 2009年在海南采获蠓类共21属194种,其中含4新种及30种海南新记录。该4种蠛蠓新种分别命名为:屯昌蠛蠓、弯茎蠛蠓、奇异蠛蠓、五指山蠛蠓。结论海南4种蠛蠓新种的发现,对蠓类的研究具有重要价值。     

河南某农村接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病患者HIV-1耐药发生的六年队列分析

Objective To analyze the occurring rules of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)drug resistance under an unique therapy model among HIV-1 infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural areas of Henan, China. Methods A cohort of 75 individuals on an ART regimen of zidovudine (ZDV) , dideoxyinosine (ddI) and nevirapine (NVP) was established in March 2003. A total of 12 surveillances were conducted and 788 person-times were studied until 2010. The parameters of CD4 cell count and viral load (VL) were tested in each survey. And genotypic resistance testing was performed in patients with a failure of viral suppression. Survival analysis was used to estimate the occurrence time of resistance. Results The cumulative mortality rate was 16% (12/75) in the cohort. And the cumulative resistance rate was 88% (66/75) from 2004 to 2010. The rate of resistance reached 54. 7% and the probability from susceptibility to drugs developing resistance decreased drastically from 100% to 45. 3% within the first 1 year of initiation. The occurrence time of resistance for half of individuals in the cohort was at 12.0 months(95% CI 8. 6 - 17. 0)after initiation, 25. 1 months(95%C/19.0-33. 3)in those whose VL was less than 4. 0 lgU/ml and 4. 8 months (95% CI 4.1 - 5. 6) at VL ＞ 4. 0 lgU/ml during the first investigation. The individuals with an early occurrence of resistance within 12 months carried high risks for afailure of viral suppression and a decrease of CD4 counts. Conclusion The occurrence of resistance rises with the course of therapy. And the greatest probability for resistance is within the first 1 year of initial therapy. A high level of VL has a significant impact on the development of resistance. Preventing the occurrence of resistance during the initial therapy remains a key goal.