中国三城市儿童步行者道路交通安全状况回顾性研究

目的了解北京、上海、广州三城市儿童步行安全状况及相关因素,为加强儿童道路交通伤害预防、干预提供科学依据。方法回顾性收集2000~2004年三城市交管部门14岁以下儿童步行者交通伤害发生资料。结果三城市5年间儿童步行者道路交通伤害发生率为14.93/10万,男女比例为1.79∶1,5~9岁为高发年龄,儿童步行者发生道路交通伤、亡的主要责任方为行人,受伤害儿童43.0%为轻伤,46.6%为重伤,10.4%为死亡。结论道路交通伤害严重威胁儿童安全与健康,儿童步行者发生道路交通伤害与多种因素有关,需社会各个部门参与预防。     

中国人群肝癌发病危险因素病例对照研究的meta分析

目的 对中国人群肝癌发病危险因素的病例对照研究进行综合定量分析,为肝癌的防控和卫生决策提供理论依据。方法 系统地检索Pubmed、中国知网、万方数据库、中国医院知识仓库发表的中国人群肝癌影响因素的病例对照研究,检索自数据库建立到2021年5月1日的所有中英文文献。用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评价文献质量,用R 4.0.2软件进行meta分析。结果 共检索文献1799篇,根据纳入与排除标准筛选,最终有53篇病例-对照研究纳入系统评价。meta分析结果显示,肝癌的危险因素按照其关联性由强到弱依次为:HBV感染、肝病史、精神因素、HCV感染、癌症家族史、糖尿病、食用霉变食物、饮酒、吸烟、饮用不洁水源,合并 OR值最高为9.79（95%CI:7.93~11.65）,最低为1.32（95%CI:1.08~1.56）。饮茶为保护因素,合并OR值为0.28（95%CI:0.17~0.39）。敏感性分析、发表偏倚检验与剪补法分析结果显示,本研究纳入的文献整体上敏感性低,发表偏倚控制较好。结论 病毒感染、肝病史、饮酒等不健康生活方式为我国人群肝癌发病的危险因素,饮茶为保护因素。建议积极接种乙肝疫苗,改变不良饮食习惯和生活方式,加强肝癌的早预防、早发现、早诊断、早治疗。     

中国4城市中学教职工吸烟现状调查

目的开展教职工吸烟现状调查，为在今后教师群体中实施控烟工作提供科学依据。方法在濮阳、上海、天津和珠海4个城市的城乡随机选取中学各25所，对校内教职工进行问卷调查。结果教职工总吸烟率濮阳男性45．4％，女性1．0％；上海男性54．1％，女性3．4％；天津男性44．9％，女性2．8％；珠海男性47．6％，女性3．1％。男性教职工总吸烟率高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。不同年龄教职工总吸烟率不同，〈24岁和25～29岁组分别低于60岁～年龄组．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。不同职位教职工总吸烟率不同，学校领导高于其他职员，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。不同年龄组教职工戒烟率不同，50-59岁和60岁～年龄组分别高于〈24岁组，差异有统汁学意义（P〈0．05）。结论4城市教职工吸烟率均低于普通人群，戒烟率较高。教师作为教育群体，其知识层次和素质优于一般人群，在行为上有一定的自律意识。     

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its etiological subtypes in elderly Chinese

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are limited in China.MethodsUsing a multistage cluster sampling design, a total of 10,276 community residents (6096 urban, 4180 rural) aged 65 years or older were evaluated and diagnosed with normal cognition, MCI, or dementia. MCI was further categorized by imaging into MCI caused by prodromal Alzheimer's disease (MCI-A), MCI resulting from cerebrovascular disease (MCI-CVD), MCI with vascular risk factors (MCI-VRF), and MCI caused by other diseases (MCI-O).ResultsThe prevalences of overall MCI, MCI-A, MCI-CVD, MCI-VRF, and MCI-O were 20.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.0–21.6%), 6.1% (95% CI = 5.7–6.6%), 3.8% (95% CI = 3.4–4.2%), 4.9% (95% CI = 4.5–5.4%), and 5.9% (95% CI = 5.5–6.4%) respectively. The rural population had a higher prevalence of overall MCI (23.4% vs 16.8%, P < .001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MCI in elderly Chinese is higher in rural than in urban areas. Vascular-related MCI (MCI-CVD and MCI-VRF) was most common.     

The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China

ObjectiveThe Chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades. The goal of this study was to estimate the changes in the prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) among elderly Chinese individuals and to analyze differences between urban and rural areas.MethodsFor the years 2008 to 2009, we performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 years and older were drawn from 30 urban (n = 6096) and 45 rural (n = 4180) communities across China. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. Dementia, AD, and VaD were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures.ResultsThe prevalence of dementia, AD, and VaD among individuals aged 65 years and older were 5.14% (95% CI, 4.71–5.57), 3.21% (95% CI, 2.87–3.55), and 1.50% (95% CI, 1.26–1.74), respectively. The prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones (6.05% vs. 4.40%, P < .001). The same regional difference was also seen for AD (4.25% vs. 2.44%, P < .001) but not for VaD (1.28% vs. 1.61%, P = .166). The difference in AD was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level. Moreover, the risk factors for AD and VaD differed for urban and rural populations.ConclusionsA notably higher prevalence of dementia and AD was found in rural areas than in urban ones, and education might be an important reason for the urban–rural differences.     

山东省居民24小时尿钠钾比与代谢综合征的关系

目的 分析山东省居民24 h尿钠钾比与MS的关系。方法 2011年在山东省采用四阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取18~69岁居民作为研究对象, 测量其血糖、血脂四项、尿钠、尿钾和尿肌酐等指标。依据24 h尿钠钾比值将研究对象按照四分位数法分组, 采用二分类logistic分析钠钾比与MS的关系。结果 1 906名研究对象纳入分析, 其中男性1 003人, 女性903人。MS患病率为24.7%。经多因素logistic模型分析, 与24 h尿钠钾比值<4.3组相比, 4.3~5.6、5.7~8.1和≥8.1组MS患病风险OR值(95%CI)分别为1.27(0.93~1.71)、1.06(0.78~1.46)和1.45(1.06~1.97), 趋势检验显示, P<0.05。在MS各组分中, 中心性肥胖和血压升高风险与24 h尿钠钾比之间存在线性趋势(线性趋势检验P<0.05)。结论 随着24 h尿钠钾比增加, MS患病风险呈上升趋势。     

Negative Association of Domestic Activity and Active Commuting with Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Population Aged 35-64 Years

Objective To understand the associations of physical activity domains with metabolic syndrome among a middle-aged Chinese population.
Methods In all, 3326 professional adults aged 35-64 years from Beijing and Zhejiang province were recruited with a cluster random sampling method. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was modified, and the recommended Asia-Pacific cut-offs of waist circumstance were introduced into the criteria for metabolic syndrome from the Adult Treatment Panel III. A binary logistic regression model was applied to examine the association of all physical activity domains with the risk of the syndrome.
Results Participants who engaged in domestic activity for 31176 MET-min/week had a 41.6% less chance of having metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR), 0.584;95%confidence interval (CI), 0.480-0.710] than those without this activity. In adjusted models, adults who actively commuted for 333 MET-min/week but<528 MET-min/week had a 25%less chance of having the syndrome (OR, 0.750;95%CI, 0.582-0.966) than those who did not. No interaction was detected between the two domains of activity and the syndrome.
Conclusion This study highlighted the independently negative association of traffic and house activity with the prevalence of the syndrome in this sample with a generally low level of moderate activity.     

2010年我国家庭人均自报食盐消费情况分析

目的 了解2010年我国家庭人均每日食盐消费情况.方法 利用2010年中国慢性病监测家庭问卷调查数据,分析我国家庭人均每日食盐消费量及过量食盐消费比例,描述不同地区、城乡的分布,比较其差异.共有92 814户家庭纳入分析.结果 2010年我国家庭人均食盐摄入10.6 g/d,城市（9.1 g/d）低于农村（11.5 g/d）,东、中、西部地区盐摄入量依次增加,西部农村地区盐摄入量最高（12.5 g/d）,东部城市地区最低（8.6 g/d）.家庭人均每日食盐摄入量超过膳食指南盐摄入建议量（6 g/d）的比例为72.6％,农村（78.3％）高于城市（63.5％）.家庭人均每日食盐摄入量超过我国慢性病防治规划2015年减盐目标（9g/d）的比例为38.1％,农村（44.0％）高于城市（28.8％）,西部地区高于中部和东部.结论 2010年我国家庭人均食盐摄入过高,在西部农村地区尤为突出,需要制定减盐干预策略,加强健康教育,防控高盐饮食危害.     

Gender-specific differences in associations of overweight and obesity with asthma and asthma-related symptoms in 30 056 children: result from 25 districts of Northeastern China

Objective: The relationship between obesity and allergic respiratory diseases in childhood is still controversial. Furthermore, significant debate on the issue of whether or not gender modifies this association also exists due to inconsistent findings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between obesity and respiratory health in children, and to investigate the modifications of gender on this association. Methods: 30?056 children (aged 2–14 years) were randomly selected from 25 districts within 7 cities in Northeastern China in 2009. A standard questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society was used to characterize the childrens’ histories of respiratory symptoms and illnesses. Child weight and height were measured, and obesity was calculated with an age and sex-specific body mass index. Results: The overall prevalence rates of obesity and overweightness were 14.08% and 12.32%, respectively. Compared to the children with normal body weights, asthma and asthma-related symptoms were more prevalent in overweight and obese children. Analysis stratified by gender showed that obesity was associated with more respiratory symptoms and diseases in females than in males. A significant association between obesity and diagnosed asthma [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)?=?1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.60], as well as current wheezing (aOR?=?1.46; 95%CI: 1.20–1.79) was found in females but not in males. Conclusions: There is an association between asthma symptoms and obesity in these Chinese children, and obesity had a significantly larger effect on females than males.