Opportunistic Screening Using Low-Dose CT and the Prevalence of Osteoporosis in China: A Nationwide,Multicenter Study

Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis can be performed using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) imaging obtained for other clinical indications. In this study we explored the CT-derived bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of osteoporosis from thoracic LDCT in a large population cohort of Chinese men and women. A total of 69,095 adults (40,733 men and 28,362 women) received a thoracic LDCT scan for the purpose of lung cancer screening between 2018 and 2019, and data were obtained for analysis from the China Biobank Project, a prospective nationwide multicenter population study. Lumbar spine (L₁–L₂) trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was derived from these scans using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) software and the American College of Radiology QCT diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis were applied. Geographic regional differences in the prevalence of osteoporosis were assessed and the age-standardized, population prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese men and women was estimated from the 2010 China census. The prevalence of osteoporosis by QCT for the Chinese population aged >50 years was 29.0% for women and 13.5% for men, equating to 49.0 million and 22.8 million, respectively. In women, this rate is comparable to estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), but in men, the prevalence is double. Prevalence varied geographically across China, with higher rates in the southwest and lower rates in the northeast. Trabecular vBMD decreased with age in both men and women. Women had higher peak trabecular vBMD (185.4 mg/cm³) than men (176.6 mg/cm³) at age 30 to 34 years, but older women had lower trabecular vBMD (62.4 mg/cm³) than men (92.1 mg/cm³) at age 80 years. We show that LDCT-based opportunistic screening could identify large numbers of patients with low lumbar vBMD, and that future cohort studies are now required to evaluate the clinical utility of such screening in terms of fracture prevention and supporting national health economic analyses. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..     

2013-2017年海南省三亚地区气象因素与类鼻疽发病的相关性分析

目的探讨气象因素变化对类鼻疽发病的影响,为类鼻疽的防控提供依据。方法对海南省三亚地区2013-2017年类鼻疽月平均发病数据进行分析,对可能影响发病的降水量、风速、气温3项研究变量进行单因素相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果本研究收集类鼻疽患者123例,平均年龄51.20岁,41~60岁组患者占53.66%。男性多于女性,占81.30%。临床表现为败血症的79例(64.23%),肺炎64例(52.03%)。7-10月为高峰期,其病例数占全年的66.67%。单因素相关分析显示,类鼻疽发病与平均降水量、风速等均有显著相关(r=0.765,P=0.004;r=0.614,P=0.034),与气温无显著相关性((r=0.358,P=0.258)。多元逐步回归分析显示,类鼻疽发病与平均降水量显著相关(P=0.001)。结论三亚地区气候因素是类鼻疽发病流行的重要影响因素,降水量与发病数呈正相关,类鼻疽在降水量大的月份易流行,风速大加速类鼻疽的传播。三亚地区全年气温波动较小,与发病数无显著相关性。     

自回归滑动平均混合模型在辽宁省其他感染性腹泻发病预测中的应用

  目的  通过对2007 — 2017年辽宁省各月其他感染性腹泻发病情况分析,建立自回归滑动平均混合模型（ARIMA）,为辽宁省其他感染性腹泻的预防控制提供参考依据。  方法  收集国家人口与健康科学数据中心公共卫生科学数据中心提供的《辽宁省2007 — 2017年各月其他感染性腹泻数据》中辽宁省2007 — 2016年各月其他感染性腹泻发病率,运用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行分析,以发病率建立的时间序列构建ARIMA模型,对2017年各月发病率进行预测,根据实际值评价模型预测的准确性。  结果  2007 — 2016年辽宁省其他感染性腹泻发病率时间序列为非平稳性时间序列,由图形观察及多次验证,确定以下4种备选模型:ARIMA （1,1,1）（0,1,0）₁₂,ARIMA （1,1,1） （1,1,0）₁₂,ARIMA （1,1,1） （0,1,1）₁₂,ARIMA （1,1,1） （1,1,1）₁₂,通过Ljung-Box检验和比较贝叶斯信息准则（BIC）值,最终确定ARIMA（1,1,1）（0,1,1）₁₂为最优模型,经2017年各月实际值验证,模型预测准确性较高。  结论  ARIMA（1,1,1）（0,1,1）₁₂乘积季节模型能较好的预测辽宁省其他感染性腹泻月发病率,具有一定的推广及应用价值。     

Pretreatment with Retro-2 protects cells from death caused by ricin toxin by retaining the capacity of protein synthesis

The current study explores the detoxification effect of Retro-2 on ricin toxin (RT) cytotoxicity, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects, to provide a basis for follow-up clinical applications of Retro-2. The mouse-derived mononuclear/macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was used to evaluate the detoxification effect of Retro-2 on RT by detecting cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and the expression of cytokines, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related mRNA. The results indicated that many cells died when challenged with concentrations of RT ≥50ng/mL. The protein synthesis capacity of cells decreased when challenged with 200ng/mL RT for 2hours. Furthermore, the synthesis and release of many cytokines decreased, while the expression of cytokines or ERS-related mRNA increased when challenged with 200ng/mL of RT for 12 or more hours. However, cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and release levels of many cytokines were higher, while the expression levels of cytokine, or ERS-related mRNA, were lower in cells pretreated with 20μm Retro-2 and challenged with RT, compared with those that had not been pretreated with Retro-2. In conclusion, Retro-2 retained the capacity for protein synthesis inhibited by RT, alleviated ERS induced by RT and increased the viability of cells challenged with RT. Retro-2 shows the potential for clinical applications.     

Sex differences in the incidence and clearance of anal human papillomavirus infection among heterosexual men and women in Liuzhou,China: An observational cohort study

Anal cancer is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in both men and women. However, little is known about the sex differences in the natural history of anal HPV infection in a heterosexual population. From May 2014 to March 2016, perianal/anal canal (PA) swab samples were collected semiannually from 2,302 heterosexual men and 2,371 heterosexual women aged 18–55 years old in Liuzhou, China. The specimens were genotyped for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) and clearance rate ratio (CRR) were used to analyze the sex differences of incidence and clearance by Poisson regression, respectively. The incidences of PA oncogenic HPV in men and women were 3.4 per 1,000 person-months and 8.6 per 1,000 person-months, respectively, with an IRR of 0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29–0.54 for men versus women) (p < 0.0001). The CRR of PA oncogenic HPV infection for men versus women was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.17–2.03) (p = 0.0022). At 12 months, 44% (20/45) of HPV 16/18 infections among women remained positive, whereas no (0/7) infections persisted among men (p = 0.0350). Both the higher incidence and slower clearance of anal carcinogenic HPV infection among women may lead to a higher burden of anal cancer among women than among men in a heterosexual population.