Estrogen-like neuroprotection of isopsoralen against spinal cord injury through estrogen receptor ERα

Metabolic Brain Disease - Isopsoralen is a type of furocoumarin that exhibits estrogen-like activities. The aim of this study was to determine the estrogen-like neuroprotection of isopsoralen in an...     

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Review of the literature

Obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome is characterized by repeated airway collapse during sleep. The li-terature describes multiple causes of the disease. The main cause is a reduction of the expansion forces of the pharyngeal dilator muscles, as in situations of genioglossal muscle dysfunction, and discoordination between the inspiratory activity of the muscle and respiratory effort, which play an important role in progression of the disease. Other described causes are soft tissue disorders, such as macroglossia or tonsillar hypertrophy, and skeletal structural alterations such as micrognathia and retrognathia. The syndrome is also more frequent in obese people, where the accumulation of fat in the neck region produces narrowing of the pharyngeal airway, thereby diminishing the passage of air. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, main features and diagnosis of the disease, and on its main forms of treatment. Key words:Sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.     

全髋关节置换术与空心钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效对比分析

目的探讨全髋关节置换术与空心钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月～2013年8月在我院进行治疗的股骨颈骨折患者40例的临床资料。其中20例患者采用全髋关节置换术治疗，20例患者采用空心钉内固定术治疗，并比较两组临床疗效。结果置换组手术时间显著较内固定组长，出血量显著较多，但其术后下地活动时间、愈合时间及住院时间显著较短（P〈0．01）。置换组优良率显著高于内固定组（P〈0．05）。结论全髋关节置换术与空心钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折比较，临床疗效更好，术后恢复更快，但其手术创伤相对较大，手术时间更长，术中出血量较大。     

腋前弧形切口结合环皮片周围打包压迫法预防腋臭术后伤口皮肤坏死

目的:探讨腋前弧形切口结合环皮片周围打包压迫法预防腋臭术后皮肤坏死的临床疗效。方法:采用腋前手术切口,术后环手术区域皮片周围打包加压固定。结果:52例患者中,51例伤口无积液,无裂开,愈合良好。1例患者切口皮肤有点状黑痂,经局部换药后3天痊愈。均获随访1~3个月,无异味,伤口开裂,无瘢痕形成,肢体活动无异常。结论:腋前弧形切口结合环皮片周围打包压迫方法是预防腋臭术后伤口皮肤坏死的一种良好方式,值得临床推广应用。     

Chest ultrasonography for the emergency diagnosis of traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of the chest ultrasonography for the emergency diagnosis of traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax in adults.Study designSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS (up to 2016) were systematically searched for prospective studies on the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for pneumothorax and haemothorax in adult trauma patients. The references of other systematic reviews and the included studies were checked for further articles. The characteristics and results of the studies were extracted using a standardised form, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Primary analysis was performed considering each hemithorax as an independent unit, while secondary analysis considered each patient. The global diagnostic accuracy of the chest ultrasonography was estimated using the Rutter–Gatsonis hierarchical summary ROC method. Moreover, Reitsma’s bivariate model was used to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR + ) and negative likelihood ratio (LR–) of each sonographic sign. This review was previously registered (PROSPERO CRD42016048085).ResultsNineteen studies were included in the review, 17 assessing pneumothorax and 5 assessing haemothorax. The reference standard was always chest tomography, alone or in parallel with chest radiography and observation of the chest tube. The overall methodological quality of the studies was low. The diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasonography had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.979 for pneumothorax (Fig). The absence of lung sliding and comet-tail artefacts was the most reported sonographic sign of pneumothorax, with a sensitivity of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.71–0.88), specificity of 0.98 (95%CI, 0.97–0.99), LR+ of 67.9 (95%CI, 26.3–148) and LR– of 0.18 (95%CI, 0.11–0.29). An echo-poor or anechoic area in the pleural space was the only sonographic sign for haemothorax, with a sensitivity of 0.60 (95%CI, 0.31–0.86), specificity of 0.98 (95%CI, 0.94–0.99), LR+ of 37.5 (95%CI, 5.26–207.5), LR– of 0.40 (95%CI, 0.17–0.72) and AUC of 0.953.ConclusionNotwithstanding the limitations of the included studies, this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that chest ultrasonography is an accurate tool for the diagnostic assessment of traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax in adults.