微创锁定接骨板治疗老年肱骨近端复杂骨折

目的探讨微创肱骨近端锁定接骨板(LPHP)治疗老年肱骨近端复杂骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析采用微创LPHP治疗24例老年肱骨近端复杂骨折。按Neer分型,3部分骨折14例;4部分骨折10例。结果 24例经9～39个月随访,无一例发生内固定松动、断裂,全部骨折均愈合。肩关节功能按照Constant评分标准,功能优12例,良9例,中3例,优良率87.5%。结论微创LPHP内固定治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折固定可靠,骨折愈合率高,可行早期功能锻炼,功能恢复好,尤其适用于治疗老年骨质疏松患者。     

大鼠颈段红核脊髓束损伤后炎症反应相关基因表达谱

目的探讨大鼠颈段红核脊髓束(RST)损伤后急性期炎症反应的分子机制。方法 Sprague Dawley(SD)雌性大鼠18只,随机分为2组:双侧RST损伤组(n=9)和假手术对照组(n=9)。制作双侧RST损伤模型,24 h后处死动物,以损伤处为中心取长约0.5 mm脊髓组织,将各组中的3只动物标本混合,提取总RNA,共得到6份RNA样品,使用含有28000个大鼠基因的Affy-metrix表达谱基因芯片检测基因变化。结果大鼠RST损伤后24 h表达发生变化的有153条基因,表达上调的有136条,表达下调的有17条。与炎症相关的基因大部分表达上调(Scn9α除外),Toll样受体信号途径中有8条基因表达上调。结论 RST损伤后多种炎症反应相关的基因表达出现变化。     

Anemia on Admission Is an Independent Predictor of Long-Term Mortality in Hip Fracture Population: A Prospective Study With 2-Year Follow-Up

Anemia is a disputable factor for long-term mortality in hip fracture population in previous studies. Previous studies indicated that the level of hemoglobin (Hb) might fluctuate due to various factors, such as comorbidities and in-hospital interventions, and the changing level of Hb, may lead to discordance diagnosis of anemia and thus to the conflicting conclusions on prognostic value of anemia. So in this study, we aim to compare factors affecting the diagnosis of anemia at different time-points, admission, postoperation, and discharge, and to determine which the time point is most suitable for mortality prediction.This prospective cohort study included 1330 hip fracture patients from 1 January 2000 to 18 November 2012. Hb levels at 3 different time points, such as admission, postoperation, and discharge, were collected and used to stratify the cohort into anemia and nonanemia groups. Candidate factors including commodities, perioperative factors, blood transfusion, and other in-hospital interventions were collected before discharge. Logistic regression analyses were performed to detect risk factors for anemia for the 3 time points separately. Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between anemia and 2-year mortality.Factors affecting the diagnosis of anemia were different for the 3 time points. Age, female sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA), and intertrochanteric fracture were associated with admission anemia, while surgical procedure, surgical duration, blood transfusion, blood loss during the operation, and drainage volume were major risk factors for postoperation anemia. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis suggested that the risk of all-cause mortality was higher in the anemia group on admission (1.680, 95%CI: 1.201–2.350, P < 0.01), but not postoperation or on discharge, after adjustment for confounding factors.Our study showed that risk factors for anemia varied at different time points, and therapy interventions would greatly affect the status of postoperation and discharge anemia in hip fracture patients. The take-home message is when anemia is used for mortality prediction in these patients, a specific time point should be chosen. We suggest that only admission anemia should be used for mortality prediction, but not postoperation nor discharge anemia.     

膝关节周围骨肿瘤原位微波灭活术后下肢功能的评价

目的评价膝关节周围骨肿瘤原位微波灭活治疗后下肢功能。方法2006年7月～2007年11月采用微波原位灭活方法治疗膝关节周围骨肿瘤18例，其中骨肉瘤12例，骨巨细胞瘤6例；男10例，女8例；位于股骨远端12例，胫骨近端4例，腓骨近端2例；Enneking肿瘤分级ⅠB期8例，ⅡB期10例；平均随访10．7个月。结果18例均存活，无术后感染、皮肤坏死病例，术后未发生灭活骨段骨折、肿瘤广泛转移，肿瘤局部复发1例（术后4个月），根据Enneking骨骼肌肉肿瘤术后下肢功能评定标准评价下肢功能：优14例，良2例，中1例，差1例。结论原位微波灭活治疗膝关节周围恶性骨肿瘤可获得优良的肢体关节功能。     

骨肉瘤患者肿瘤伴随抑制现象的临床研究

目的探讨骨肉瘤患者的肿瘤伴随抑制现象（CTR）、预测肺转移的高危患者，并对其进行抗肿瘤血管生成因子的治疗提供依据。方法采用ELISA法检测骨肉瘤患者手术前后1周血清中内皮抑素（ES）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）和转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）的水平。术后每月摄胸部X线片和每3个月行胸部CT扫描，以了解是否有早期肺转移。比较出现肺转移组患者与未出现肺转移组患者手术前后ES、VEGF、bFGF和TGF-β1变化值的临床意义。结果在肺转移组8例与无肺转移组9例手术前后血清中ES变化值和VEGF升高值的差异有显著性（P均〈0．05）。两组手术前后血清TGF-β1、bFGF变化值的差异无显著性（P均〈0．05）。结论本组骨肉瘤患者可能存在肿瘤伴随抑制现象。血清VEGF、ES手术前后的变化值有望成为骨肉瘤患者术后早期筛查肺转移的预测因子及判断预后的指标之一。     

人工关节置换术后的无菌性松动——多因素共同作用的结果

人工关节置换术后的无菌性松动是最常见的并发症,是导致假体失败的最常见原因。目前的研究表明,无菌性松动是多因素共同作用的结果,不能归于某种单一的因素。现就当前关于无菌性松动(主要是髋、膝关节)的各种因素及发病机制的研究予以综述。     

Clinical anatomic study of the lower lumbar anterolateral vein: with respect to retroperitoneal endoscopic surgery

Objective： To study the anatomy of veins of the lower lumbar spine and provide the anatomic basement for laparoscopic lumbar surgery. Methods： A total of 15 formaldehyde-preserved cadav- ers were studied with special attention to the variety and surrounding structure of ascending lumbar vein （ALV） and iliolumbar veins （ILV）, and their relationship with lumbar plexus. Results： ALV and ILV can be found on every sides, which have four variants including separate entry and common entry. The ascending vein and iliolumbar vein separately enter common iliac vein in 18 cases, and as a common stem enter the common iliac vein in 12 cases. Retracting common iliac vein medially both the ascending lumbar and the iliolumbar veins are always at risk of avulsion on exposure of the disc space. The injury of obturator nerve and lumbosacral trunk of lumbar plexus should be avoided. Conclusion： Awareness of these anatomic variation can prevent the hemorrhage and be helpful for the surgeon in performing a careful ligation of these veins before medial retraction of the common iliac vein. Our findings emphasize the need for proper dissection of ALV and ILV before ligature during exposure of the lower lumbar spine.     

生物活性材料成骨活性的体外测定★◇

目的：运用动物体内实验的方法测定生物活性材料成骨活性有较多缺点，为快速有效地评价成骨活性的生物材料，探索一种新的体外测定成骨活性的方法。 方法：实验于2004-01/2005-05在解放军总医院骨科研究所完成。取羊脱钙骨基质和复合材料(粗制羊骨蛋白+羊脱钙骨基 质+牛腱Ⅰ型胶原)两种活性材料分别做免疫组织化学染色检查是否含有骨形成蛋白（bone morphogenetic protein，BMP）。并取脱钙骨基质、复合材料、rhBMP-2、3种材料与小鼠C2C12细胞共培养72 h后，用1% Triton将细胞裂解，取细胞裂解液测定碱性磷酸酶和总蛋白。利用所测定的碱性磷酸酶和总蛋白吸光度比值代表单位数量的细胞中所含碱性磷酸酶的含量。同时设立阴性对照（单纯细胞不加任何材料）。 结果：脱钙骨基质和复合材料中均含有BMP-2。用3种材料刺激C2C12细胞后，测定C2C12细胞中碱性磷酸酶含量高于阴性对照(P < 0.05)。rhBMP-2刺激C2C12细胞产生的碱性磷酸酶含量较其他材料明显增高(P < 0.001)。 结论：体外测定生物材料成骨活性在实际应用中具有操作简便、效果可靠的特点。     

微波辐射对犬股骨力学性能的影响

目的 :测试微波辐射下犬股骨的生物力学性能 ,分析微波对股骨强度的影响。方法 :成年杂种犬 12只 ,显露股骨干 ,左侧为实验组 ,右侧为对照组 ,利用微波对股骨干中段进行 6 5℃加热 10min。术后 45d和 90d取材。测试CT值和生物力学特性。结果 :肉眼观察微波辐射区股骨干色泽呈灰白样 ,X线和CT表现同正常对照组。最大压缩强度、弹性模量均与正常组无显著性差异。结论 :微波辐射破坏了骨组织的血供和再生 ,但 3个月内对骨强度的破坏不显著