锁定加压钢板与交锁髓内钉固定肱骨投掷骨折的有限元分析

目的通过三维有限元法对锁定加压钢板和交锁髓内钉固定肱骨投掷骨折的生物力学稳定性进行比较,为临床应用提供理论参考。方法分别建立前外侧锁定加压钢板、后侧锁定加压钢板、顺行髓内钉、逆行髓内钉固定肱骨投掷骨折的三维有限元模型。应用有限元分析法在相同的加载和约束条件下模拟轴向压缩、逆时针扭转和三点弯曲三种工况,评价各组内固定最大等效应力、肱骨骨折块及骨折断端最大等效应力。结果 (1)内固定最大等效应力:锁定加压钢板置于前外侧较后侧最大应力值小;逆行较顺行髓内钉在压缩工况最大应力值更大,扭转和弯曲工况较小;(2)骨折块最大综合位移:髓内钉较锁定加压钢板组大,锁定加压钢板置于前外侧较后侧大,顺行髓内钉较逆行髓内钉大;(3)骨折断端最大等效应力:锁定加压钢板较髓内钉组骨折断端最大应力大且应力分布均匀。结论应用锁定加压钢板较髓内钉治疗肱骨投掷骨折更加稳定且应力均匀;锁定加压钢板置于后侧较前外侧更稳定但应力略大;逆行髓内钉稳定性优于顺行髓内钉。     

腰椎板开窗术后微小骨粒回植模型的建立及意义

目的 建立兔腰椎板开窗术后微小骨粒回植模型,为临床提供实验依据。方法 将18只雄性新西兰兔,分为两组。对照组在全麻后以L5棘突为中心,充分显露左侧L5椎板,用微型小枪钳慢慢咬去椎板、黄韧带,进行开窗术,暴露约0.8 x 0.3 cm大小骨窗后直接缝合处理。实验组在L5左侧开窗后将开窗咬下的碎骨粒剪碎,然后将碎骨粒镶嵌于医用胶原蛋白海绵,塑成拱桥形,放置于硬膜外开窗处,缝合切口,术后观察椎板开窗位置CT及组织学变化。结果 CT检查示术后8周实验组开窗处微小骨粒形成菲薄的骨板,12周后形成的骨板较厚,骨梁连续,椎管形态及容积无明显变化,未见脊髓受压。对照组开窗处在8、12周局部有少量骨质增生,周围黏连组织侵入椎管,椎管未重建。结论 兔椎板开窗处再植自体微小骨粒的骨重建,形成的骨板可遮挡疤痕侵入椎管,减少椎管内黏连。     

重组成骨蛋白-1在钛合金微粒环境下对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化的影响

目的在钛-6铝-4钒(Ti-6Al-4V)合金微粒环境下观察重组成骨蛋白-1(recombinant OP-1,r OP-1)对成骨细胞的影响,为防治关节假体无菌性松动提供新的治疗途径。方法根据小鼠颅顶骨前成骨细胞亚克隆14(MC3T3-E1)中是否加入Ti-6Al-4V微粒和r OP-1,分为微粒组(5、10、15μg/m L Ti-6Al-4V)、处理组(微粒组加入200 ng/m L r OP-1)、阳性组(加入200ng/m L r OP-1)和对照组,检测各组24、72、120 h MC3T3-E1细胞增殖能力、72 h碱性磷酸酶(akaline phosphatase,AKP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)和骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)mRNA的表达,及120 h成骨细胞的矿化能力。结果 1r OP-1无促进Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下成骨细胞增殖能力,与微粒组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2r OP-1可提高成骨细胞分化,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时逆转Ti-6Al-4V微粒抑制成骨细胞分化,与微粒组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3茜素红S染色后Ti-6Al-4V微粒钙结节数量随着浓度增加逐渐降低,和微粒组比较,加入r OP-1后钙结节数量呈增多趋势。结论 Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下,r OP-1无提高成骨细胞增殖能力,能提高细胞分化矿化能力,r OP-1可以作为潜在治疗关节假体无菌性松动一种方法。     

腰椎手术Wiltse入路准确进入多裂肌与最长肌间隙的解剖学基础

目的　探讨腰椎手术Wiltse入路的解剖学基础,提高该入路的稳定性和可操作性。 方法　成人标本20具,通过解剖观察双侧竖脊肌腱膜与多裂肌的关系;最长肌与竖脊肌腱膜的关系;多裂肌和最长肌间隙是否清晰,是否存在稳定的解剖标志;竖脊肌腱膜表面及其深面是否还存在其它结构可作为多裂肌和最长肌之间隙的解剖标志。 结果　多裂肌虽有少许纤维与竖脊肌腱膜相连接,仍可视为在竖脊肌腱膜上无起点;在腰部,最长肌在竖脊肌腱膜形成起点,起点的内缘自内上向外下斜行,并发出筋膜向深部延伸副突、横突,由此形成多裂肌与最长肌之间的分隔;在所有20具标本的左右两侧,以此隔膜为解剖标志向深部钝性分离,直接、顺利到达关节突;在竖脊肌腱膜表面未发现任何可作为多裂肌和竖脊肌间隙标志的解剖结构,剥离竖脊肌腱膜后在最长肌和多裂肌表面亦未发现可定位二者间隙的解剖标志;在多裂肌和最长肌间隙内,最长肌的内侧面可见清晰的节段神经及伴随血管。 结论　竖脊肌腱膜在最长肌内侧向深部的延续是腰椎手术Wiltse入路准确进入多裂肌和最长肌间隙的可靠解剖标志。     

A 2-year follow-up survey of 523 cases with peripheral nerve injuries caused by the earthquake in Wenchuan,China

We performed a 2-year follow-up survey of 523 patients with peripheral nerve injuries caused by the earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China. Nerve injuries were classified into three types: type I injuries were nerve transection injuries, type II injuries were nerve compression injuries, and type III injuries displayed no direct neurological dysfunction due to trauma. In this study, 31 patients had type I injuries involving 41 nerves, 419 had type II injuries involving 823 nerves, and 73 had type III injuries involving 150 nerves. Twenty-two patients had open transection nerve injury. The restoration of peripheral nerve function after different treatments was evaluated. Surgical decompression favorably affected nerve recovery. Physiotherapy was effective for type I and type II nerve injuries, but not substantially for type III nerve injury. Pharmacotherapy had little effect on type II or type III nerve injuries. Targeted decompression surgery and physiotherapy contributed to the effective treatment of nerve transection and compression injuries. The Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center score for nerve injury severity declined with increasing duration of being trapped. In the first year after treatment, the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center score for grades 3 to 5 nerve injury increased by 28.2% to 81.8%. If scores were still poor(0 or 1) after a 1-year period of treatment, further treatment was not effective.     

不稳定型骨盆骨折修复60例:金属植入物不同置入途径分析

背景:不稳定型骨盆骨折是一种常见的骨折类型,具有病情复杂和并发症多等特点,临床治疗可以采用保守或者手术方式。但保守治疗大多无法获得满意的治疗效果,因此不同金属植入物的固定治疗成为不稳定型骨盆骨折的主要修复方式。目的:探讨不同金属植入物在不稳定型骨盆骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法:从解放军南京军区福州总医院骨科2012年9月至2013年9月收治的不稳定型骨盆骨折患者中按随机数字表法选择60例进行研究,对患者进行Tile分型:B1型8例,B2型20例,B3型9例,C1型15例,C2型8例。分型之后分别给予不同的金属植入物固定治疗,依据骨折类型的不同决定前路或者后路途径。一般B型采用前路途径,C型采用前路+后路途径。治疗后给予抗生素预防感染,引流管于48-72 h内拔除,治疗后3 d逐渐进行康复训练。结果与结论:治疗后随访1-12个月,所有患者均获得随访。患者修复效果优良率为95%。7例患者出现术后并发症,并发症发生率为12%,均给予积极的对症治疗痊愈,未出现严重的并发症。提示对不稳定型骨盆骨折患者进行不同金属植入物固定治疗可以获得良好的修复效果,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Effect of metformin on Schwann cells under hypoxia condition

Metformin, which is the first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, has been proved to possess beneficial effects on nerve regeneration in many studies. However, the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of metformin on SCs under hypoxia condition, which is a biological process at the injury site. The cell number and cell viability of SCs were examined using fluorescence observation and MTT assay. The migration of SCs was evaluated using a Transwell chamber. The expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in SCs were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA method. The results showed that metformin could help SCs recover from hypoxia injury and inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In addition, metformin could partially reverse the detrimental effect of hypoxia on cell number, viability, migration and adhesion. Metformin is also capable of maintaining the biological activities of SCs after hypoxia injury, such as increasing the expression and secretion of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, and N-CAM. Further studies showed that pre-incubation with AMPK (5’-AMP-activated protein kinase) inhibitor Compound C might partially inhibit the effect of metformin mentioned above, indicating the possible involvement of AMPK pathway in the beneficial effects of metformin on peripheral nervous system. In conclusion, metformin is capable of alleviating hypoxia-induced injury to SCs and AMPK pathway might be involved in this process.