六味地黄汤联合逍遥散加减治疗肾虚肝郁型围绝经期睡眠障碍临床研究

目的:评价六味地黄汤联合逍遥散加减治疗肾虚肝郁型围绝经期睡眠障碍的有效性和安全性。方法:受试者随机分为两组,试验组予六味地黄汤联合逍遥散加减口服;对照组予戊酸雌二醇联合地屈孕酮序贯口服。试验组以30 d为1个疗程,对照组以21 d为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。观察两组治疗前后PSQI评分、Kupperman评分、中医证候积分、血清FSH、E₂及血尿常规、肝肾功和心电图等指标的变化。结果:试验组总有效率93.3%,对照组90.0%;两组均能明显降低PSQI、改良Kupperman和中医证候评分,在改善中医证候积分方面试验组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组在减低Kupperman评分上优于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组对血清FSH水平均有下调趋势,均可上调血清E₂水平,对照组较试验组对血清E₂上调更明显(P<0.01)。结论:六味地黄汤联合逍遥散加减治疗肾虚肝郁型围绝经期睡眠障碍安全有效。     

戴天章《广瘟疫论》温病辨治特色

戴天章是清代著名的温病学家,精通医理,尤擅瘟疫的诊治,推动了瘟病辨治理论的发展。现基于戴天章《广瘟疫论》,从首创瘟疫五辨、力辨寒瘟异同,创瘟疫五种治法,完善外感病腹诊法3个方面进行深入探讨,系统总结其瘟疫辨治经验及学术思想,这些内容不仅丰富了温病学理论,亦对现代温病的临床辨治具有重要指导价值。     

血管介入手术机器人系统关键技术及研发现状

血管介入治疗作为一种微创治疗方法已被血管外科、心血管内外科及神经内外科等不同学科所广泛应用。传统血管介入手术依靠透视下手对导管导丝的操作,可持续性及精确性存在一定问题;同时操作者在长期X射线暴露及铅防护围裙负重中承担了较高的职业危害风险。血管介入机器人系统具有明显减少操作者X射线暴露、成像定位精准、操作准确稳定的优点,在减少器械与血管壁接触、操作颤抖的同时,增加操作者舒适感,目前已经成为医疗机器人的研究热点。笔者在此介绍血管介入手术机器人系统的图像导航、机械臂结构、力反馈及安全性能等关键技术,并对目前国内外血管介入手术机器人系统的研究进展进行阐述,通过临床应用阐明该技术在血管介入手术机器人系统中的重要意义,探讨关键技术的发展趋势。尽管技术的进步使得血管介入手术机器人系统有了长足发展,但需要看到的是,目前的介入手术机器人系统仍然存在较多不足：触觉力学反馈的缺乏使其在复杂困难病变、钙化病变、慢性闭塞病变中的应用受到了限制;同时缺乏适用操控各类目前已经商品化的导丝、导管、球囊、支架等血管腔内器具,频繁更换介入器材会导致手术时间的增加,进一步降低了手术的可操控性。人工智能与5G通信技术的快速发展,将为机器人系统辅助下的血管介入手术提供更加精准化、规范化的发展方向。并且在人工智能基础上,血管介入机器人系统与腔内影像设备的一体化融合及虚拟现实技术的应用将为精准血管介入提供更为广阔的前景,指明了血管介入手术机器人系统未来研究方向。血管介入手术机器人系统的发展,是符合目前对于精准医疗的趋势,为血管介入医师提供一种保护,但仍然需要更多的时间去完善、精进这项技术,同时需要制定其应用的适应证和禁忌证,建立标准程序,并通过大量临床试验来评估血管介入机器人系统的长期疗效,使得这项技术能够得到更广泛的应用。     

Salivary Content Might be Associated With Skeletal Status in Postmenopausal Women: SilesiaOsteoActive Study Results

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether salivary mineral content may be associated with bone status in women after menopause. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 125 postmenopausal women aged 64.3 ± 6.9 yr, derived from the epidemiological SilesiaOsteoActive Study. All participants underwent hip and spine bone densitometry using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, dental examination, and saliva content analysis. Data for salivary pH, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc concentrations were evaluated. Results: Mean femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was 0.739 ± 0.118 g/cm², total hip BMD 0.891 ± 0.14 g/cm², and spine BMD 0.868 ± 0.14 g/cm². Salivary pH was significantly lower in women with spinal osteoporosis defined as T-score below ?2.5, compared to individuals with normal BMD (pH: 6.65 ± 0.67 vs 6.96 ± 0.58, p < 0.05). There was a significant though weak inverse correlation between Ca concentration in saliva and femoral neck BMD (r = ?0.23, p < 0.05). Conclusions: High salivary calcium content and low salivary pH may be indicative of low hip and decreased spine BMD, respectively. These associations may reflect demineralization process (calcium redistribution) influencing bone, and a negative effect of acidity on mineral tissues, although causal pathway remains not clear.     

Efficacy of Antiosteoporotic Medications in Patients With Rebound-Associated Fractures After Denosumab Discontinuation

Denosumab discontinuation results in rapid bone loss and increased risk of multiple rebound-associated vertebral fractures (RAVFs). The optimal treatment for patients who have sustained such fractures is currently unknown. We aimed to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) changes achieved with various regimens in postmenopausal women who had sustained RAVFs after denosumab discontinuation in everyday clinical practice. In this multicenter, retrospective observational study, 39 Greek postmenopausal women from six regional bone centers throughout Greece with RAVFs after denosumab discontinuation were included. We collected BMD and fracture data before and 1 year after treatment with denosumab (n = 20), teriparatide (n = 8), zoledronate (n = 8) or teriparatide/denosumab combination (n = 3). Both lumbar spine (LS)-- and femoral neck (FN)-BMD were preserved with all regimens used. With the exception of zoledronate, a trend towards increase was observed with all regimens in LS-BMD. Three patients sustained additional fractures despite treatment reinstitution (2 with zoledronate and 1 with teriparatide). Among patients with RAVFs following denosumab discontinuation both antiresorptive (zoledronate and denosumab) and anabolic (teriparatide) treatment as well as the combination of denosumab with teriparatide seem to be effective in terms of BMD response.     

Do larger reductions yield larger returns? patient-reported outcomes as a function of specimen weight in bilateral reduction mammoplasty

BackgroundPatients undergoing breast reduction mammoplasty for symptomatic macromastia have a significantly improved quality of life postoperatively. However, there are no data that examine the effect of reduction mammoplasty on quality of life as a function of the weight of tissue removed. Because the process by which insurance providers consider patients’ candidacy for this breast reduction mammoplasty is most often based on the proposed weight of tissue to be removed, this gap in our understanding is particularly glaring. We therefore designed a prospective trial with the intent of investigating the correlation between breast reduction specimen weight and postoperative pain and quality of life.MethodsAfter obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval, patients presenting for breast reduction mammoplasty at a single academic medical center between January 2016 and September 2019 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Study participants completed the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and the BREAST-Q at set time points (preoperatively, 1 week/1 month/3 months/6 months postoperatively). Patients were divided into three cohorts based on breast reduction specimen weights: small (<500 g reduction), intermediate (500–1000 g reduction), and large (>1000 g reduction). The surveys were then analyzed while controlling for demographic factors and complications.ResultsA total of 85 women were enrolled in the study and completed pre- and postoperative surveys (small reduction n = 21 (25%), intermediate n = 45 (53%), and large n = 19 (22%)). Regardless of reduction specimen weight, patients reported decreased overall pain and increased satisfaction with their breasts, as well as improved psychosocial, sexual, and physical well-being at each postoperative visit. Preoperative SF-MPQ pain scores were significantly lower in the small specimen weight group compared with either the intermediate or the large group (p = 0.001). Postoperatively, both the intermediate and large groups reported significant improvement in pain at each time point. The small specimen weight group did not report significant pain improvement until 3 months postoperatively.ConclusionsPatients undergoing breast reduction mammoplasty experience decreased pain and improved quality of life regardless of reduction specimen weight. Improvement in these parameters manifests as early as 1 week postoperatively and maintained at 3 months postoperatively. These data suggest that many patients who are denied coverage for reduction mammoplasty on the basis of low projected reduction specimen weight would derive significant benefit from the procedure.     

Anterior tibial artery injury is not the contraindication of medial plantar flap: digital subtraction angiography evidence and clinical application

The medial plantar artery (MPA) is often sacrificed as the vascular pedicle of the medial plantar flap (MPF). However, for patients with ankle soft tissue defect caused by traffic accident, the anterior tibial artery (ATA) could be damaged and the blood supply of the distal foot would only come from the MPA and the lateral plantar artery (LPA). In this case, sacrificing the MPA for the MPF means that the LPA will become the mainly source of blood supply of the distal foot. Whether the blood supply of the distal foot is adequately guaranteed remains to be discussed. A total of seven patients with ankle soft tissue defect and ATA injury were enrolled in the study. The digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed to observe the hemodynamics of the ipsilateral foot. The MPF was harvested only when the foot arterial network consisting of the MPA, the LPA, the deep plantar arch, and the deep plantar artery of DPA, and the blood redistribution existed. DSA results showed the blood from the posterior tibial artery was redistributed to the ipsilateral foot and the MPA is not the dominant artery in the foot. Seven MPFs were harvested, and all flaps survived completely. No complications, such as pain, ulcer, and necrosis, occurred in the ipsilateral toes. The DSA could accurately and intuitively evaluate the hemodynamics of foot in patients with ATA injury. The DSA data and clinical practice proved that the ATA injury is not the contraindication of the MPF.     

中国10个地区成年人自评健康状况与全因死亡、心血管疾病死亡风险的关联研究

目的 分析自评健康状况（SRH）与全因死亡和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡风险的关联性。方法 研究对象来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究,剔除有逻辑错误和信息缺失的个体,最终纳入512 713名研究对象。SRH在基线问卷调查时搜集,包括整体自评健康状况（GSRH）及与同龄人相比自评健康状况（ASRH）;死亡事件及原因通过链接到疾病死亡监测系统和国家医保系统获取。采用多因素校正的Cox比例风险回归模型估计SRH与全因死亡和CVD死亡的关联性。结果 在平均9.9年的随访时间里,共观测到44 065例死亡事件,其中17 648例死于CVD。与GSRH良好的人相比,GSRH较差的研究对象未来发生全因死亡及CVD死亡的风险效应（HR）值（95%CI）分别是1.84（1.78~1.91）和1.94（1.82~2.06）。与ASRH更好的人相比,ASRH更差的研究对象未来发生全因死亡及CVD死亡的HR值（95%CI）分别是1.75（1.70~1.81）和1.83（1.73~1.92）。两种SRH指标与全因死亡和CVD死亡的关联性在各个亚组分析和敏感性分析中都保持显著,且SRH越差、死亡风险越高。结论 SRH简单易用,SRH越差、个体未来全因死亡/CVD死亡风险越高。