内质网应激在肝脏疾病中的研究进展

内质网应激（ERS）是指由于某种原因使内质网中未折叠或错误折叠的蛋白质聚集导致内质网结构、功能紊乱的病理过程。适度的ERS通过激活未折叠蛋白质反应（UPR）对细胞起保护作用,而强烈或持久的ERS则会诱导细胞凋亡。近年来诸多研究显示EBS是多种肝脏疾病发生、发展过程中的重要环节。本文就ERS在肝脏疾病中的研究进展作一综述。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肠屏障保护作用机理的实验研究

目的观察N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）大鼠肠屏障功能的保护作用及其可能机理。方法将80只Wistar大鼠随机（随机数字表法）分为正常对照组（CON组,n=8）、假手术组（SO组,n=24）、SAP组（n=24）及NAC组（n=24）,后3组再随机（随机数字表法）分为6、12及24 h 3个时间点组,每个时间点组8只大鼠。通过胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠的方法制作大鼠SAP模型,SO组大鼠则通过胰胆管逆行注射生理盐水。NAC组大鼠于造模前1 h经腹腔注射NAC,而SO组和SAP组大鼠于相应时间点经腹腔注射生理盐水。CON组大鼠不做任何处理,麻醉后直接取右心室血5 mL及回肠组织约5 cm,余3组大鼠则于术后6、12及24 h麻醉后取材。检测血浆淀粉酶（AMY）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、内毒素、D-乳酸及二胺氧化酶（DAO）含量;检测回肠组织总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）及丙二醛（MDA）含量;观察回肠上皮细胞的凋亡情况、回肠组织的病理学改变并对其进行评分;检测回肠组织bax和bcl-2 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。结果与同时相SAP组比较,NAC组大鼠各时相的血浆CRP水平均较低（P〈0.05）,而AMY水平在12 h和24 h时较低（P〈0.05）;NAC组大鼠的DAO、内毒素及D-乳酸水平在12 h和24 h时均较低（P〈0.05）,但DAO水平在6 h时高于SAP组（P〈0.05）;NAC组大鼠各时相回肠组织中的MPO及MDA水平均较低（P〈0.05）,而T-SOD水平则在12 h和24 h时较高（P〈0.05）;NAC组大鼠回肠上皮细胞的凋亡指数均较低（P〈0.01）,组织病理学评分在12 h及24 h时亦较低（P〈0.05）;NAC组大鼠回肠组织中bax mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平均较低（P〈0.05）,而bcl-2 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平则均较高（P〈0.05）。结论 NAC对SAP大鼠的肠屏障功能具有保护作用,其机理除了抗氧化作用外,还可能与其抗凋亡作用有关。     

肾细胞癌转移潜能的分子学研究进展

在肾细胞癌中发现癌转移标志物,对确定癌转移危险性及选择新靶标治疗至关重要。现经PIQOR“微阵列研究证实,在透明细胞肾细胞癌（ccRCC）的非转移、早发转移和迟发转移癌间存在着明显的基因表达差异。应用这种差异,可知其转移可能性及早发或迟发转移,并制定出适合个性化的特殊治疗计划,使疗效更显著。     

4种大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型的比较

目的筛选简便、快捷、成石效果好的SD大鼠肾草酸钙结石的造模方法。方法分别采用目前普遍使用的2种大鼠肾草酸钙结石的模型复制方法和2种改良的造模方法进行造模,并设立空白对照组,造模结束后采集每组大鼠24h尿量及血清,比较大鼠24h尿量、尿Ca2＋、尿Mg2＋、尿pH、尿草酸（0x）及血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（cr）、P、Ca2＋、Mg2＋,肾脏病理切片HE染色后光学显微镜下观察和比较各组大鼠肾脏病理改变及草酸钙结晶的沉积情况。结果E组[1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖（48d）]在光学显微镜下草酸钙结晶沉积较传统组C组明显增多（P〈0．05）,但有30％大鼠死亡,血肌酐在5组大鼠中最高。D组[1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖（28d）]较传统组C组草酸钙结晶沉积明显增多（P〈0．05）,并且造模时间短,大鼠存活率高（80％）,E组与D组相比结晶形成量无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,B组[1％乙二醇（28d）3肾脏中无肾结晶形成,仅有轻微的肾脏病理学改变,大鼠无死亡,肌酐不高。空白对照组无结晶形成,无病理改变。结论用1％乙二醇＋2％氯化铵＋10％葡萄糖诱导28天复制肾草酸钙结石模型的效果好,并且花费时间短,大鼠存活率高,建议选用。     

Umbrella-shaped, memory alloy femoral head support device for treatment of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Purpose

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a common orthopaedic disease that is difficult to treat. The purpose of this study was to explore the preliminary efficacy of a self-designed umbrella-shaped memory alloy femoral head support device in the treatment of adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Methods

The minimally-invasive approach involved curettage of the necrotic tissue of the femoral head, and a self-designed umbrella-shaped, memory alloy femoral head support device was implanted into the collapsed necrotic area to support the collapsed femoral head. Autologous iliac bone and artificial bone were implanted into the support device for the treatment of adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Results

The clinical device was used in ten patients and 18 hip joints. The support device failed in one hip joint, which subsequently underwent joint replacement surgery, and the remaining 17 implanted devices were followed up for four to 19 months. The 17 postoperative hip joints were evaluated using the percent-efficacy evaluation method for avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adult patients, and the efficacy rate was 82.35 %.

Conclusion

The umbrella-shaped femoral head support device can be used in Ficat stage I, stage II, and stage III adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.     

游离股前外筋膜瓣修复手部软组织缺损

目的设计游离股前外筋膜瓣修复手背、掌侧皮肤缺损。方法本组14例手部软组织缺损患者,肌腱移植修复后采用游离股前外筋膜瓣覆盖修复,筋膜瓣上游离植皮。结果筋膜瓣全部成活,植皮9例成活,其余5例部分出现坏死,经换药或点状植皮愈合。经6个月～2年随访,外观和功能满意。结论应用肌腱移植联合游离股前外筋膜瓣,一次手术完成手部肌腱、软组织、皮肤及感觉神经重建,术后外形、功能恢复满意,尤其对供区损伤降至最小,为手掌、背部皮肤软组织缺损提供了一种较好的修复方法。     

替吉奥联合奥沙利铂对比替吉奥联合顺铂治疗晚期胃癌的Meta分析

目的评价替吉奥联合奥沙利铂（SOX方案）对比替吉奥联合顺铂（SP方案）治疗晚期胃癌（AGC）的疗效及安全性。 方法在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库中检索2022年7月前公开发表的有关替吉奥联合奥沙利铂（SOX组）对比替吉奥联合顺铂（SP组）治疗AGC的相关研究,按照Cochrane Handbook 5.1的临床试验质量评价标准对文献进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。 结果共有14篇2 650例AGC患者纳入研究,其中SOX组1 334例,SP组1 316例。与SP组比较,SOX组的总生存期（HR=0.87,95% CI：0.78~0.97,P=0.01）、无进展生存期（HR=0.87,95% CI：0.78~0.97,P=0.01）、完全缓解（OR=1.43,95% CI：1.02~2.00,P=0.04）、部分缓解（OR=1.64,95% CI：1.18~2.29,P=0.003）、疾病进展（OR=0.55,95% CI：0.34~0.87,P=0.01）、疾病控制率（OR=1.64,95% CI：1.04~2.56,P=0.03）和疾病稳定（OR=0.67,95% CI：0.53~0.83,P=0.000 4）方面比较,差异均有统计学意义,而两组客观有效率差异无统计学意义（OR=1.57,95% CI：0.85~2.90,P=0.15）。安全性方面,3级及以上不良反应中,SOX组白细胞减少（OR=0.20,95% CI：0.13~0.30,P<0.000 01）、贫血（OR=0.52,95% CI：0.32~0.86,P=0.01）、肌酐升高（OR=0.21,95% CI：0.07~0.61,P=0.004）的发生率更低,而周围感觉神经病（OR=10.64,95% CI：1.85~61.10,P=0.008）的发生率更高。 结论SOX方案可提高AGC的治疗有效率,改善无进展生存期和总生存期,但可能增加周围感觉神经病的发生率。     

PET/CT诊断孤立性肺病变研究进展

孤立性肺病变(SPL)种类较多,如肿瘤、炎性或结核性肉芽肿等,早期鉴别良、恶性SPL对于指导临床治疗及改善预后等意义重大。临床常用CT、MRI、PET/CT等影像学技术诊断SPL。本文对PET/CT诊断SPL的应用现状及研究进展进行综述。     

Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for traumatic optic neuropathy

Purpose: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%e5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for optic nerve injuries. Methods: In this study, 11 patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2015 with the visual loss resulting from TON were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative vision, visual evoked potential (VEP) scan, surgical approach, postoperative visual acuity, complications, and follow-up results. Results: All these patients received endoscopic decompression of the optic canal. At the 3-month followup, the visual acuity improvement rate of the 11 patients was 45.5%. The vision acuity of 2 cases improved from hand movement to 0.08 and 0.3 after operation. Another patient''s vision acuity returned to 0.05 compared to light sensation preoperatively. Two cases had finger counting before surgery but they had a vision acuity of 0.4 and light sensation respectively after surgery. However, the other 6 cases'' vision did not improve after surgery. Conclusion: Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal is an effective way to cure TON. VEP could be used as an important reference for preoperative and prognosis evaluation. Operative time after trauma is only a relative condition that may affect the therapeutic effect of optic canal decompression. Poor results of this procedure may be related to the severity of the optic nerve injury.