大鼠急性心肌梗死后骨髓干细胞归巢于缺血心肌的时间窗研究

目的：初探心肌梗死后骨髓干细胞归巢于心肌组织的时间窗。 方法： 110只大鼠随机分为4组，GM-CSF干预组(n=40)皮下注射GM-CSF (50 μg/kg/d) 5 d，对照组(n=40)皮下注射同等剂量生理盐水，GM-CSF干预假手术组(n=15)，对照假手术组(n=15)，结扎左冠状动脉前降支复制急性心肌梗塞动物模型，同时复制假手术模型。各组在心梗后1 、3 、5 、10 d免疫组化法观察心肌组织中归巢的ckit+细胞数量，28 d测定血压、室内压及±dp/dt值变化，观察两组大鼠瘢痕组织修复差异。 结果： ①心梗后28 d GM-CSF干预组心功能显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；②GM-CSF干预组瘢痕组织横径显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，梗死区平均心肌面积显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；③GM-CSF干预组与对照组1，3，5 d均有ckit+细胞归巢现象，以第5 d最为密集，第10 d未再有新归巢的ckit+细胞，GM-CSF干预组各时点ckit+细胞归巢数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论： 骨髓干细胞归巢的时间窗为心梗后10 d以内。     

简易精神状态检查适用人群及影响因素

目的：根据简易精神状态检查（MMSE）在大样本人群中的测试结果分析，探讨MMSE的适应人群及影响因素。方法：通过随机整群分层抽样，对4921名55岁或以上的西安市城市居民进行MMSE测查。分析MMSE得分在不同年龄，不同文化程度以及总体人群中的第10百分数、中位数、偏度、峰度以及对痴呆的阳性预测值。并用多元逐步回归法分析MMSE得分的影响因素。结果：MMSE得分在不同年龄、不同文化程度、总体人群中都呈现负偏态，尖峭峰型分布。在年龄较轻（70岁以下）、文化程度偏高（初中或以上）的人群中偏性分布最明显，痴呆的检出率较低；而在年龄偏大（70岁以上），文化程度偏低（小学及以下）的人群中接近正态分布，痴呆的检出率较高。文化程度、年龄、性别、受教育年限、听力下降、日常生活能力对MMSE得分有显著影响（P＜0．001）。结论：MMSE量表最适用于年龄偏大（70岁以上），文化程度偏低（小学或以下）的人群，对痴呆的筛选能力大；而对于年龄偏小，文化程度偏高的人群，MMSE的鉴别筛选力较低。实践中应根据具体研究目的选用适宜量表，并灵活掌握分界值，以达到最大效益。     

Response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant xenotransplantation

Objective: To investigate the response of the xenograft endothelium in the concordant hamster to rat cardiac xenotransplantation and the mechanism of acute vascular rejection. Methods: The animals were divided into 5 groups randomly: control group,CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy+CsA group and D3 splenectomy+CsA group. Hamster heart was heterotopicaly transplanted to rat abdominal cavity. The graft survival was monitored by palpation of the rat abdominal wall. The histological and ultrastructural changes of the xenogafts were investigated. NF-κB and P-selectin expression in the xenograft were detected. Hene Oxigenase-1 and Bcl-2 expression were also detected in the xenografts of different groups. Results: The mean survival time of the xenografts in control group, CsA group, splenectomy group, D0 splenectomy+CsA group and D3 splenectomy+CsA group was 3.4±0.55, 3.8±0.45, 6.4±1.52, 30 and 7.4±1.14 days. The rejected graft showed typical acute vascular rejection in control group, CsA group,splenectomy group and D3 splenectomy+CsA group. Endothelial cells of the rejected xenograft showed dramatic assembly of ribosomes and expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the endothelium of the long-term survived grafts in D0 splenectomy+CsA group showed normal architecture. NF-κB and P-selectin expression were detected in the rejected xenografts. HO-1 expression was observed in the long-term survived xenografts in D0 splenectomy+CsA group. Conclusion: The endothelial cells of the xenograft might be activated during the acute vascular rejection. Expression of HO-1 might inhibit the upregulation of NF-κB and adhesion molecular which decreases the activation of the endothelium of the graft.     

Inhibitory effect of ketamine on phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 following brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats with hyperglycemia

To determine if the inhibitory effects of ketamine on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 are involved in reduction of the hyperglycemia-exaggerated cerebral ischemic lesion, rats with normoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or hyperglycemia supplemented with ketamine were subjected to 15 min of forebrain ischemia, and then, reperfusion for 0.5, 1, and 3h. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the brain tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In rats with normoglycemia, we demonstrated a moderate increase of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the cingulum cortex and hippocampus CA3 following an ischemic intervention. It quickly dropped to control levels after reperfusion for 0.5h. In rats with hyperglycemia, however, the increase of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in these areas was significantly higher in all animals reperfused. The neuronal death, detected by the TdT-mediated-dUTP nick end labeling assays, was found in the cingulum cortex (5.23+/-2.34, per high power feild) and hippocampus CA3 areas (6.29+/-3.68, per 1mm(2)) in hyperglycemic group after reperfusion for 3h. With ketamine treatment, the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cingulum cortex and hippocampus CA1 and CA3 areas was found to be the same as that in normoglycemia rats. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia may increase the ischemic insult through modulation of the signal transduction pathways involving ERK1/2. The inhibitory effects of ketamine on the hyperglycemia-activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation are probably through inhibition of the N-methyl d-aspartate-mediated calcium influx, which subsequently reduce the hyperglycemia-exaggerated cerebral damage.     

样本量对等位基因检出数量的影响

以中国37个不同民族9个常染色体STR基因座的群体遗传研究数据资料为例，探讨群体遗传学研究中常染色体STR基因座等位基因检出数量与样本量之间的关系，即样本量对等住基因检出数量的影响。结果显示在一定范围之内，样本量的大小与所观测到的不同基因座等位基因检出数量之间存在正相关关系。当超过一定范围时，样本量的继续增加不再明显影响等位基因的检出数量。杂合度较低的位点随样本量的变化波动较大，杂合度较高的位点随样本量的变化波动较小。     

NF-κB哑铃形诱骗剂ODN对骨髓瘤细胞生长及IL-6表达的抑制作用

目的设计合成靶向NF-κB的哑铃形诱骗剂ODN,分析靶向NF-κB的哑铃形诱骗剂对NF-κB转录活性、多发性骨髓瘤细胞8266的生长及其分泌的IL-6的抑制效应。方法采用电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA)体外检测诱骗剂ODN对NF-κB转录活性的抑制效应。将8266细胞随机分为传代培养的8266细胞组;诱骗剂ODN处理组及脂质体处理组。通过阳离子脂质体以2mg/L、4mg/L、8mg/L不同剂量诱骗剂ODN转染8266细胞。转染后8、12、18h,ELISA法检测8266细胞培养上清中IL-6的表达。用MTT比色检查诱骗剂ODN对IL-6刺激的8266细胞生长的影响。结果硫代磷酸的诱骗剂ODN在体外能有效地抑制NF-κB与其顺式元件的结合;2mg/L、4mg/L、8mg/L等不同浓度的脂质体-ODN复合物对8266细胞表达IL-6的抑制程度不同。脂质体-ODN复合物对8266细胞的生长及IL-6的活性均有抑制作用。结论靶向NF-κB的诱骗剂ODN在体外可抑制NF-κB的转录活性,从而抑制8266细胞的生长,降低瘤细胞中IL-6的表达。     

人乳头瘤病毒18型L1-E6、L1-E7嵌合基因表达载体的构建及表达

目的 构建HPV 18 L1－E6，L1－E7嵌合基因的表达载体，并在CHO细胞中表达。方法 克隆HPV18 L1－E6和L1－E7基因，插入中介载体pGEMT-Easy中并测序鉴定。采用PCR定点突变法，突变L1－E6，L1－E7基因序列中与转化作用相关的位点，分别与L1基因连接后插入真核表达载体pVAX1，构建真核表达质粒pVAX-1L1 E6Mxx,L1E7Mxx。用磷酸钙沉淀法，转染CHO细胞，以抗HPV－18L1，抗E6和抗E7特异性单克隆抗体（mAb)做ELISA和免疫细胞化学法检测。结果 ELISA检测显示，转染各种pVAX1-LIE6Mxx-L1E7Mxx融合蛋白表达质粒的细胞提取物的P－N值均＞2．1；免疫细胞化学检测，在胞浆，胞核可见棕黄色颗粒。结论 我建的pVAX1-L1E6Mxx-E7Mxx融合蛋白质表达质粒，可在转当细胞内表达相应的L1－E6Mxx和L1－E7Mxx蛋白，为今后进行DNA疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

肝癌特异性超抗原SEA(D227A)基因表达载体的构建与表达

目的：构建受AFP顺式作用元件调控的超抗原表达载体，将SEA(D227A)特异性的表达于AFP阳性肝癌细胞膜表面。方法：PCR扩增AFP基因启动子、增强子、linker—CD80tm和SEA(D227A)。将上述片断插入逆转录病毒载体pLXSN的多克隆位点，构建AFP基因顺式作用元件调控的肝癌特异性减毒超抗原表达载体(pLXSN SEA(D227A)—linker—CD80tm)。通过脂质体介导，以表达载体转染表达或不表达AFP的肿瘤细胞系，用RT—PCR和间接免疫荧光染色，检测SEA的表达。结果：成功地将AFP基因的启动子、增强子、linker—CD80tm和SEA(D227A)克隆到逆转录病毒载体pLXSN的多克隆位点，酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析无误，RT—PCR和间接免疫荧光法检测证实，SEA(D227A)能在AFP阳性的肝癌细胞膜特异性表达。结论：AFP顺式作用元件修饰的超抗原表达载体的构建，为下一步用其强化肝癌的免疫治疗奠定了基础。     

血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅰa基因多态性与心肌梗塞的关系

目的　探讨汉族人群心肌梗塞发生与血小板糖蛋白 (glycoprotein,GP) a基因 80 7C/ T多态性的关系。方法　采用病例对照研究 ,应用聚合酶链反应 -序列特异性引物 (polymerase chain reaction-se-quence specific primers,PCR-SSP)方法检测 12 7例心肌梗塞患者 (急性或陈旧性 )和 175名正常对照血小板 GP a基因 80 7C/ T多态性。结果　心肌梗塞组和对照组 T和 C等位基因的分布差异有高度显著性(T:42 .70 %比 3 2 .0 0 % ,C:57.3 0 %比 68.0 0 % ,P<0 .0 1) ;无论在所有受试者还是在年龄≤ 60岁的受试者中 ,心肌梗塞组 (TT+ TC)基因型的频率均显著高于对照组 ,所有年龄受试者中 ,69.3 4 %比 51.43 % ,P<0 .0 0 5,比数比 =2 .14 ,95%可信区间为 1.3 4～ 3 .41;年龄≤ 60岁的受试者中 ;75.90 %比 51.52 % ,P<0 .0 0 5,比数比 =2 .96,95%可信区间为 1.58～ 5.55;L ogistic多因素回归分析显示血小板膜 GP a T等位基因为心肌梗塞的发生独立危险因素 (比数比 =4.96,95%可信区间为 2 .55～ 10 .90 )。结论　血小板膜 GP a T等位基因与心肌梗塞的发生相关联 ,可能为心肌梗塞发生的一种遗传易感性标志     

重组hCGPx腺病毒对人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)缺氧再复氧损伤的保护作用

目的:研究重组腺病毒介导的人胞质型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(hCGPx)转染对人肾小管上皮细胞缺氧再复氧损伤的保护作用。方法:将含hCGPXcDNA的质粒pGEM-T-hCG-Px和重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pACCMV-pLpA重组,构建pACC-MV-hCGPx穿梭质粒后,与包装质粒pJM17共转染293细胞,构建重组腺病毒AdCMV-hCGPx。以重组腺病毒载体AdCMV-hCGPx转染体外培养的人肾小管上皮细胞株HK-2,以转染空载体的HK-2细胞为对照组,检测转染细胞中CGPx的表达水平。将HK-2细胞经缺氧再复氧损伤处理后,分别检测细胞的存活率、凋亡率及死亡率。结果:各转染组细胞中CGPx的表达率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。经缺氧再复氧损伤处理后,AdCMV-hCGPx转染组细胞的存活率较对照组明显增强,死亡细胞明显减少,细胞凋亡明显受到抑制。结论:重组腺病毒介导的hCGPx转染人肾小管上皮细胞可保护缺氧再复氧引起的损伤。