Repeatability and agreement of CCT measurement in myopia using entacam and ultrasound pachymetry

AIM: To evaluate the repeatability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurement by entacam, and agreement of CCT measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry (USP) in Chinese myopia. Thereby investigate the possibility of Pentacam as a substitute for USP in CCT measurement before refractive surgery. The effects of corneal curvature measured by Pentacam on CCT were also evaluated. METHODS: One hundred and forty-eight right eyes of 148 individual with myopia were included in this study. Three successive Pentacam CCT measurements followed by 10 successive ultrasound pachymetry were carried out in the 148 eyes. Mean of CCT taken by each device was calculated for comparison. According to the CCT measured by USP, all the 148 eyes were divided into 3 groups: <520μm, 520-560μm, >560μm. For all eyes and each group the CCT obtained by Pentacam and USP were compared. Anterior corneal curvature of the 148 eyes was also adopted for correlation analysis with CCT obtained by ultrasound pachymetry. In addition, CCT measurement using 60 random selected Scheimpflug images was performed by 3 skilled investigators at different time, and this was repeated for 3 times by a forth investigator to assess repeatability of Pentacam CCT measurement using Scheimpflug images. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis revealed high intraobserver repeatability (ICC=0.994, F=158.60, P<0.001) for CCT measurement by Pentacam. The interobserver (ICC=0.998, F=494.73, P<0.001) and intraobserver (ICC=0.997, F=383.98, P<0.001) repeatability for Pentacam CCT measurements using Scheimpflug images were also excellent. There was high positive correlation between the CCT values measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry (r=0.963, P<0.001). Bland-altman plots showed that the Pentacam underestimate the CCT by 8.02μm compared with ultrasouond pachymetry. The differences between Pentacam and USP increased as the CCT readings by USP increased (Pentacam vs USP: slope=-0.04, P<0.05). The 95% upper and lower limits of agreement between CCT values obtained from the two devices were +9.33μm and -25.37μm. No significant association could be found between CCT and anterior corneal curvature. CONCLUSION: Inter- and intraobserver variability for CCT measurements by Pentacam was considerably below clinically significant levels. CCT of myopia obtained by Scheimpflug camera, Pentacam, were highly correlated to that by ultrasound pachymetry. However, the values obtained are not directly interchangeable between Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry as the 95% limits of agreement are relatively wide. Pentacam can be a useful instrument for measuring CCT in candidates to refractive surgery in clinic.     

美沙拉嗪干预溃疡性结肠炎相关癌变小鼠的实验研究

目的:观察美沙拉嗪防治溃疡性结肠炎相关癌变小鼠的实验研究。方法:60只清洁级Balb/c小鼠随机分5组,每组12只,正常组、模型组、低、中、高剂量治疗组;除外正常组,其余各组采用DMH/DSS复合法制备溃结癌变模型,模型组予等剂量生理盐水、治疗组分别予不同剂量美沙拉嗪干预9周。第9周末将全部小鼠脱椎处死,截取全部结肠(回盲部-肛门),肉眼及光镜下观察小鼠结肠组织形态学变化。结果:模型组小鼠结肠肉眼可见浆膜层散在、多处息肉状隆起变化,镜下见腺体萎缩、高级别上皮内瘤变,部分癌变;低剂量组肉眼见结肠黏膜充血水肿,部分可见溃疡样改变,镜下见黏膜充血肿胀,部分腺体萎缩;中、高剂量组肉眼见结肠黏膜充血、水肿,糜烂,镜下见黏膜上皮脱落,充血肿胀,未见溃疡及癌变,与模型组比较,有统计学意义(P0.05)。各剂量组之间比较,无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:美沙拉嗪具有防治溃结相关癌变的生物学效应。     

灰色系统理论预测南宁市HIV/AIDS流行趋势的应用研究

目的:了解和分析南宁市2000~2006年HIV/AIDS流行趋势,对南宁市HIV/AIDS流行趋势进行中短期预测,为进一步制订和完善南宁市艾滋病防治策略与措施提供参考依据。方法:根据南宁市2000~2006年HIV/AIDS资料,建立灰色系统GM(1,1)模型,预测我市2008、2010年HIV/AIDS流行趋势。结果:预测模型精度为优,2008、2010年南宁市HIV/AIDS发病率预测值分别为54.93/10万、281.21/10万。结论:各有关部门应早日采取综合防治措施,加强艾滋病控制力度,遏制艾滋病的流行和蔓延。     

2006年南宁市部分男男性接触者性传播疾病感染状况调查

[目的]了解南宁市男男性接触者（MSM）性传播疾病感染状况,更有效地开展疾病预防工作。[方法]2006年7~8月,对南宁市185名MSM采血检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、梅毒抗体（TP）;尿道拭子进行解脲支原体（UU）培养和沙眼衣原体（CT）检测。[结果]检测185人,HBsAg阳性率为12.97%,抗-HBs阳性率为69.73%,抗-HCV阳性率为1.08%,TP阳性率为10.81%,抗-HIV阳性率为0.00%,UU阳性率为3.78%,CT阳性率为10.27%。[结论]MSM人群性传播疾病感染率较高。     

240例肝穿刺活检的病理诊断与B超显像比较分析

目的：探讨B型超声显像在慢性肝炎分级分期中的作用，寻求超声检查方法对慢性乙型肝炎患者病理分级分期的诊断标准。方法：对240例慢性乙型肝炎患者B超表现与肝组织病理分级分期进行对比分析。结果：超声诊断慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的声像图征象如肝脏的包膜、实质回声、血管走形和胆囊壁的改变及门静脉、脾静脉、脾脏厚度和慢性乙型肝炎肝组织炎症活动程度显著相关（P〈0．05）；结论B超的声像图在评价慢性病毒性肝炎病情的轻重有重要的价值。     

舒芬太尼与罗哌卡因用于腰硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛的对照研究

目的观察舒芬太尼和罗哌卡因在腰硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛的临床应用效果。方法选择初产妇50例,随机分为A、B两组,每组25例。两组分别在蛛网膜下腔注射舒芬太尼5μg和罗哌卡因3mg,待产妇VAS≥3分时启用自控PCA泵维持镇痛。并对两组的不同时间点进行VAS评分,记录镇痛维持时间、不良反应及运动阻滞情况等指标。结果A组镇痛起效时间、镇痛效果、镇痛维持时间均明显优于B组(P<0.05或0.01),并且对产程、新生儿Apgar评分的影响较小。结论舒芬太尼行腰硬联合阻滞分娩镇痛能提供良好的镇痛效果,具有起效快、镇痛强、持续时间长、副作用少等优点。     

2003～2005年南宁市区涂阳肺结核病人转归队列分析

目的分析南宁市区世界银行贷款结核病控制项目实施以来,初、复治涂阳肺结核病人的治疗转归情况,以评价本地区肺结核传染源控制效果,为结核病控制的可持续发展提供技术政策依据。方法以2003～2005年登记的涂阳肺结核病例为该年队列分析的对象,分析登记满1年时的转归。结果3年初治肺结核病人治愈率逐年提高,分别为94.5%、94.7%和95.7%,复治病人治愈率分别为81.0%、89.6%、87.4%。结论用队列分析评价肺结核传染源控制效果,全面反映南宁市区传染源控制的实际情况,DOTS策略的实施使初、复治涂阳肺结核病人的治愈率维持在较高水平。     

针灸治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效和安全性评价

目的:观察针灸治疗脾气虚弱型变应性鼻炎的有效性和安全性。方法:采用随机、双盲对照法,共治疗69例患者。试验组34例,给予针灸治疗,第1疗程每天治疗1次,共5次;第2疗程隔日治疗1次,共10次,总观察时间为4周;对照组35例,口服氯雷他定10mg,每晚1次,连用4周,两组病例均停止治疗后观察3个月。结果:治疗组有效率为94.12%,对照组有效率94.29%,两组疗效比较无统计学意义(u=0.7,P>0.05);停止治疗后随访3个月,治疗组复发率12.5%,对照组为48.48%,两组复发率有显著性差异(χ2=9.88,P<0.01));治疗组无不良反应发生,对照组为8.57%,两组比较无统计学意义(χ2=2.30,P>0.05)。结论:针灸治疗脾气虚弱型变应性鼻炎安全、有效。     

壮肝逐瘀煎对肝纤维化大鼠TGF-β1的影响

目的:探讨壮肝逐瘀煎在抗肝纤维化中的治疗作用机理。方法:Wistar大鼠120只,随机取16只为正常对照组(A),其余采用四氯化碳复合因素诱导大鼠肝纤维化,造模四周证实肝纤维化形成后随机分为病理模型组(B),壮肝逐瘀煎大、中、小剂量组(C、D、E),秋水仙碱组(F),大黄虫丸组(G),分别灌胃给药,A、B组予等容积生理盐水灌胃。于治疗12周后每组各取8只大鼠处死并取血清及肝组织,HE染色观察肝纤维化的形成,酶联免疫吸附实验法检测血清中TGF-β1因子的表达差异。结果:与病理模型组比较,C、D、E、F、G组肝纤维化程度均明显减轻(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中D组与F组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);各治疗组血清中TGF-β1水平显著下降(P<0.01),C、D组降低血清TGF-β1水平均优于F、G组(P均<0.01)。结论:壮肝逐瘀煎能有效地改善实验大鼠肝纤维化程度,其机理可能与降低肝纤维化大鼠血清中TGF-β1水平有关。     

Clinical study on treatment of reinforcing kidney and activating blood circulation principle in treating chronic pyelonephritis

Objective

To study the effect and mechanism of the treatment for reinforcing Kidney and activating blood circulation (RKAB) in treating chronic pyelonephritis.

Methods

Using RKAB combined with western drugs to treat 41 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and controlled with 30 patients treated with western drugs only. Changes of kidney morphology, renal function were observed, and the long-term efficacy of treatment was pursued.

Results

The short-term effective rate in the treated group and the control group was 90. 24% (37/41) and 86. 67% (26/30) respectively, with no significant difference between them (P>0. 05). The long-term effective rate in the two groups was 70.73% (29/41) and 30.00% (9/30) respectively with significant difference (P<0. 01). Moreover, the occurrence of morphological change of kidney and renal dysfunction in the treated group was later than that in the control group (P<0. 01).

Conclusion

RKAB treatment could raise the long-term effect in treating chronic pyelonephritis, alleviate/ block the morphological change of kidney and retard the progressing of renal dysfunction.