经典瞬时受体电位通道1在大鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达

目的研究经典瞬时受体电位通道1(TRPC1)在大鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达并探讨其意义。方法 制备大鼠牙胚发育各阶段(蕾状期E14.5、帽状期E16.5、钟状期E18.5、钟状晚期P1及牙根形成期P7)标本,进行TRPC1的免疫组化研究。结果 TRPC1在牙胚发育过程中呈动态时空表达。在蕾状期增厚的牙板上皮,帽状期和钟状早期的内釉上皮和外釉上皮,钟状晚期的成釉细胞和前成牙本质细胞及牙根形成期的成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞均可见阳性信号表达,且呈增强趋势。结论 TRPC1可能是一种新的参与调控牙胚细胞的增殖分化和牙齿发育矿化的跨膜信号转导分子。     

甲状腺癌信号通路的研究进展

甲状腺癌是内分泌系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤,大部分患者在行甲状腺根治切除术后,联合I¹³¹放射治疗及药物化疗之后能够得到长期的生存率,但仍然有大约20%的患者,可能由于对化疗药物以及放射治疗不敏感,导致癌灶周围或者远处组织的转移。本文就甲状腺癌相关通路研究作一综述。     

TGFβR2作为非小细胞肺癌伴随诊断分子的探讨

目的 定量分析转化生长因子受体2(Transforming growth factor receptor 2, TGFβR2)在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)及其癌旁组织中的表达,探讨TGFβR2的表达在NSCLC伴随诊断(companion diagnostic,CD)中的意义。方法 取患者手术中立即取材置于液氮中的新鲜组织标本(90例NSCLC组织,40例癌旁肺组织),抽提RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术检测标本。TGFβR2基因表达量通过2-ΔΔCT方法计算。TGFβR2的表达用(x±s)呈现。独立样本t检验比较两组差异,应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析来评估总生存期(Overall survival, OS)和无进展生存期(Progression-free survival, PFS)。结果 实验结果表明NSCLC组织中TGFβR2的表达(3.19±4.28)显著高于癌旁肺组织(1.01±0.41),二者差异具有统计学意义。生存分析显示TGFβR2高表达的NSCLC患者预后不良,总生存期和无进展生存期明显降低。结论 TGFβR2可以作为NSCLC潜在的伴随诊断分子标志物。     

自发性糖尿病大鼠肾脏微血管密度的实验研究

目的 观察自发性糖尿病大鼠(Goto-Kakisaki Rats, GK)肾脏微血管在糖尿病的不同发展时期的变化规律,为糖尿病肾病的血流灌注研究提供实验基础。方法 选取雄性GK大鼠和Wistar大鼠各30只,每种按周龄分组(4、12、20周各10只)。肾脏标本常规石蜡包埋切片后,用免疫组化法染色。每只肾脏标本取切片5张,每张切片皮质区、髓质区各随机观察18个视野。采用图像分析系统定量分析微血管密度。每张切片随机选取5个肾小球,采用不规则方式分割,分析其周长、面积、毛细血管密度。结果(1) GK各周龄组髓质微血管密度均小于对照组(P<0.05～P<0.01),GK组间有差异(P<0.01)。(2) GK 20周龄组肾小球微血管密度明显小于同周龄Wistar组(P<0.01)。GK组间、对照组间均存在差异(P<0.01～P<0.05)。(3) GK4周龄组肾小球平均周长明显大于同周龄Wistar(P=0.01)。不同周龄Wistar组间亦有差异(P<0.01～P<0.05)。结论 GK大鼠存在肾微血管稀少的现象,有可能是糖尿病的继发性改变之一;低周龄GK大鼠肾髓质微血管稀少可能与遗传有关。     

肺应力和应变在肺损伤家猪机械通气中的作用

目的 研究不同平台压参数设置下,急性肺损伤(acute lung injury, ALI)家猪的跨肺压(transpulmonary pressure)等呼吸力学参数,明确平台压30cmH₂O能否全面准确反应ARDS呼吸力学情况。方法 将6只健康家猪麻醉、进行外科手术后,按照以下不同实验状态进行机械通气: A组平台压＜30cmH₂O、B组平台压＞30cmH₂O伴腹内高压(intra-abdominal hypertension, IAH)。观察不同分组通气参数设置下,肺应力、平台压等呼吸力学标。结果呼吸力学: A组肺应力为(15.07±1.47)cmH₂O高于 B组(10.92±1.28)cmH₂O;B组胸壁弹性阻力与呼吸系统弹性阻力之比(Ecw/Ers)为(0.36±0.06)高于A组(0.24±0.05);B组肺顺应性(Cdyn)为(13.38±2.79)ml/cmH₂O,明显高于A组(10.26±1.18)ml/cmH₂O ;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。B组胸壁顺应性(Ccw)为(43.12±8.00)ml/cmH₂O,低于A组(63.28±36.71)ml/cmH₂O,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 单纯以平台压30cmH₂O作为机械通气的标准,不能准确地反映ARDS患者肺部的呼吸力学。腹内高压时,需要更高的平台压来改善氧合状况。肺应力和应变是真正反应ARDS肺呼吸力学的指标,将肺应力和应变理论引入临床,有利于为ARDS患者制定更加安全、合理的通气策略。     

Vaspin对巨噬细胞THP-1向泡沫细胞转变的抑制作用

目的 腹腔脂肪型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, vaspin)是新发现的脂肪因子,对代谢性疾病具有改善作用。该研究旨在研究vaspin对体外培养的THP-1细胞泡沫化的影响。方法 100nM佛波酯孵育THP-1巨噬细胞48h后分为对照组,氧化低密度脂蛋白组(ox-LDL浓度50μg/ml,48h),vaspin干预组(vaspin终浓度100ng/ml,预孵24h);采用油红0染色法检测vaspin对THP-1细胞泡沫化的影响;Real-time PCR和Western blot法检测vaspin对THP-1细胞中酰基辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶-1(acy1-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltrasferase-1,ACAT-1)、ATP结合盒转运体A1(ATP binding casstte transporterA1,ABCA1)及细胞清道夫受体-A1(scavenger receptor-A1, SR-A1)mRNA及蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 与ox-LDL组比较,ox-LDL+vaspin组巨噬细胞泡沫化程度明显下降(P＜0.05);ox-LDL+vaspin组ACAT-1和SR-A1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P＜0.05),而ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05)。结论 vaspin能够抑制巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的转化,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, As)的作用。     

下颌前牙根管变异的锥形束CT研究

目的 运用锥形束CT(CBCT)研究下颌前牙的根管变异情况。方法收集250例患者的1352颗下颌前牙的CBCT资料,运用配套软件对牙齿的冠状面、矢状面以及横断面进行影像学分析,统计和分析牙根数目、根管数目、根管类型、对称性分布等。结果 下颌切牙均为单根,下颌尖牙双根发生率为1.45%。下颌中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙双根管发生率分别为17.34%、34.08%、9.05%。双根管的发生呈对称性分布,一侧出现双根管时,对侧同名牙也为双根管的概率下颌侧切牙最高,为77.78%,中切牙次之,为72.97%,尖牙为64.00%。按照Vertucci根管分型,共观察到除Ⅳ型和Ⅷ型外的6种根管类型,其中以Ⅰ型为主,为80.00%,其次为Ⅲ型,为16.51%。结论下颌前牙根管系统复杂多变,其中下颌侧切牙双根管发生率最高,双根管以Vertucci Ⅲ型为主,锥形束CT是诊断下颌前牙根管变异的有效手段。     

Preparation of porous calcium phosphate microspheres with phosphate-containing molecules at room temperature for drug delivery and osteogenic differentiation

Calcium phosphate (CaP) has similar chemical properties to those of the inorganic component of human bone tissue, for potential application in drug delivery for the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma. In this work, CaP with a porous microsphere structure has been synthesized using fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) as the phosphorus source by a simple wet-chemical strategy at room temperature. The CaP porous microspheres, as an organic–inorganic hybrid nano-platform, exhibit good doxorubicin (Dox) loading capacity, and Dox-loading CaP, enhancing the in vitro chemotherapy of osteosarcoma cells. The CaP porous microspheres show high biocompatibility, and induce the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1. These results indicate that the CaP porous microspheres reported in this study are promising for application as an anti-osteosarcoma drug carrier and osteoinductive material for bone regeneration in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Porous calcium phosphate microspheres were prepared at room temperature, and displayed potential for application in the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma and osteogenic differentiation.     

The GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide Increases Myocardial Glucose Oxidation Rates via Indirect Mechanisms and Mitigates Experimental Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) increases risk for cardiovascular disease. Of interest, liraglutide, a therapy for T2D that activates the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor to augment insulin secretion, reduces cardiovascular-related death in people with T2D, though it remains unknown how liraglutide produces these actions. Notably, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is not expressed in ventricular cardiac myocytes, making it likely that ventricular myocardium-independent actions are involved. We hypothesized that augmented insulin secretion may explain how liraglutide indirectly mediates cardioprotection, which thereby increases myocardial glucose oxidation.MethodsC57BL/6J male mice were fed either a low-fat diet (lean) or were subjected to experimental T2D and treated with either saline or liraglutide 3× over a 24-hour period. Mice were subsequently euthanized and had their hearts perfused in the working mode to assess energy metabolism. A separate cohort of mice with T2D were treated with either vehicle control or liraglutide for 2 weeks for the assessment of cardiac function via ultrasound echocardiography.ResultsTreatment of lean mice with liraglutide increased myocardial glucose oxidation without affecting glycolysis. Conversely, direct treatment of the isolated working heart with liraglutide had no effect on glucose oxidation. These findings were recapitulated in mice with T2D and associated with increased circulating insulin levels. Furthermore, liraglutide treatment alleviated diastolic dysfunction in mice with T2D, which was associated with enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of glucose oxidation.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that liraglutide augments myocardial glucose oxidation via indirect mechanisms, which may contribute to how liraglutide improves cardiovascular outcomes in people with T2D.     

上海市中心城区某幼儿园一例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况分析

目的 分析上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况,为完善托幼机构结核病防控提供依据。方法 分别于2019年2月15日和2019年3月14日对2019年1月14日确诊的上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核教职工的128名密切接触者进行流行病学筛查,包括肺结核疑似症状筛查、结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染检测[γ干扰素释放试验(interferon-γ releaseassays,IGRA)]、胸部X线摄片或CT检查,以及痰涂片和痰培养;并对不同特征密切接触者(性别、卡介苗接种情况、有无疑似肺结核症状、近期呼吸系统疾病就诊史、暴露等级)的潜伏感染情况进行分析。结果 128名密切接触者中,幼儿107名(83.59%),教职工21名(16.41%)。疑似肺结核症状阳性率为5.47%(7/128),其中幼儿为5.61%(6/107),教职工为4.76%(1/21)。两次筛查中,共125名密接者(3名幼儿拒绝检测)进行了IGRA检测,阳性者11例(8.80%),包括幼儿4例(3.20%),教职工7例(5.60%)。肺结核的检出率为0.78%(1/128),总潜伏感染率为8.06%(10/124;排除1例确诊和3名未进行IGRA检测的幼儿),其中幼儿的潜伏感染率[2.91%(3/103)]明显低于教职工[33.33%(7/21)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.773,P=0.000)。7例潜伏感染教职工进行了3、6、12个月末的胸片随访,3例潜伏感染幼儿进行了3个月的预防性抗结核药品干预治疗;经1年随访观察均无续发结核病患者。单因素分析显示,接种卡介苗者的潜伏感染率[5.13%(6/117)]与未接种者(4/7)比较,差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.001);高暴露等级者的潜伏感染率[17.07%(7/41)]明显高于中暴露等级者 [3.61%(3/83)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.012,P=0.025)。结论 应加强托幼机构教职员工健康体检,积极行IGRA检测筛查结核病患者密切接触者,尤其是无卡介苗接种史和高暴露者。对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者行预防性服药或胸片随访对防止续发肺结核有重要意义。