硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾的制备及对大鼠骨关节炎模型的治疗作用

目的：制备硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾,考察其对大鼠骨关节炎模型的治疗作用。方法：以甲壳素为原料,经盐酸水解得盐酸氨基葡萄糖,将其与硫酸钾置于水溶液中,通过充分的离子交换反应,并加入作为沉淀剂的有机溶剂,制备硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾;考察反应温度、反应溶液中各离子平衡时间、反应原料配比以及沉淀剂的种类、加入量和加入时间等对最终产物的影响,优化制备工艺。建立木瓜蛋白酶诱导的大鼠骨关节炎模型,并灌胃给予硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾,通过血清中丙二醛和一氧化氮含量测定、关节肿胀度观察和关节软骨病理切片检查,考察硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾对模型大鼠骨关节损伤的保护作用。结果：确立优化的硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾制备工艺：反应温度为45~55℃,离子平衡时间为0.5 h,盐酸氨基葡萄糖与硫酸钾的质量配比为22.5：7.15,作为沉淀剂的乙醇加入浓度约为75%及加入时间为3 h。骨关节炎模型大鼠接受硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾给药后,血清中丙二醛和一氧化氮含量显著降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,关节肿胀度明显减轻（P〈0.01）,且病理切片显示,仅有少许关节软骨细胞轻度变性,软骨未见明显坏死,细胞未见明显增生。结论：优化的硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾制备工艺适用于工业化生产;硫酸氨基葡萄糖氯化钾对骨关节炎损伤具有显著保护作用,且效果好于盐酸氨基葡萄糖。     

基于数学模型的加拿大心绞痛严重度分级与理化指标的相关性研究

背景：目前缺乏加拿大心绞痛严重度分级与理化指标之间的相关性研究,且对加拿大心绞痛严重度分级的判别缺乏利用现代科学技术指导的系统研究。目的：通过多中心、随机、大样本横断面调查法建立基于数学模型的加拿大心绞痛严重度分级判别函数式,明确加拿大心绞痛严重度分级的相关理化指标之间的相关性。方法：本研究选择国内12所医院作为分中心,采用流行病学调查法采集不同地区人群的数据资料。样本数为1788,经过严格质量控制数据录入。用统计学方法选取变量,用Logistic回归及判别分析方法建模,从而得到加拿大心绞痛严重度分级的判别方程极其主要特征。结果与讨论：29个理化指标经过因子分析得出13个公因子。建立的Logistic回归及判别模型是对加拿大心绞痛严重度分级进行评判,拟合度比较差。加拿大心绞痛严重度分级的主要相关理化指标为ST段下降总和、I、V5、AVL、V4、V6、V3、心脏彩超、颈动脉彩超、凝血酶原时间、射血分数。     

Targeted silencing of heparanase gene by small interfering RNA inhibits invasiveness and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells

The effects of targeted silencing of heparanase gene by small interfering RNA(siRNA) on invasiveness and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells(MG63 cells) were investigated in the present study.Two complementary oligonucleotide strands were synthesized and inserted into pGenesil-1 vector based on the mRNA sequence of heparanase gene.The expression vector containing short hairpin RNA(pGenesil-shRNA) was constructed successfully.MG63 cells were randomly allocated into 3 groups:blank group,empty vector(pGenesil) transfected group and expression vector(pGenesil-shRNA) transfected group.Under the induction of Lipofectamine 2000,the recombinants were transfected into MG63 cells.Heparanase gene expression level was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Cell prolifera-tion was measured by MTT assay.Cell invasiveness and metastasis were examined by cell adhesion and Transwell-ECM assays.HUVECs migration assay was applied for the detection of angiogenesis.As compared with negative controls,the mRNA and protein expression levels of heparanase were down-regulated by 76.1%(P<0.01) and 75.3%(P<0.01) respectively in the pGenesil-shRNA transfected group.Meanwhile,the proliferation,adhesiveness,invasiveness and angiogenesis properties of MG63 cells were all significantly inhibited.It was suggested that targeted silencing of heparanase gene by siRNA could dramatically inhibit the invasiveness and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.     

紫外分光光度法测定银杏制品中黄酮的研究

目的:建立银杏制品中黄酮含量的紫外分光光度的测定方法。方法:样品经干燥后用甲醇超声提取,聚酰胺粉吸附,G3垂融漏斗过滤,甲醇洗脱,以芦丁为标准对照品,测定360 nm处的吸光度。结果:标准对照品在0μg~250μg范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,y=0.0165+0.0026x,r=0.9998,平均回收率93.8%,RSD2.4%。结论:紫外分光光度法灵敏、快速、准确、成本低,适用于银杏制品中黄酮含量的测定。     

Association between hemoglobin glycation index and subclinical myocardial injury in the general population free from cardiovascular disease

Background and aimsThe relationship between hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been verified by previous studies. However, it remains unknown whether HGI has a predictive effect on subclinical myocardial injury (SC–MI). The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between HGI and SC–MI in the general population free from CVD.Methods and resultsThe present study included 6009 participants free of CVD from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to tested the association between HGI and SC–MI. As results, the HGI was significantly higher in participants with SC–MI compared with those without, and the HGI was positively correlated with SC–MI and other metabolic disorder parameters. Each 1-unit increase of HGI and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was independently associated with higher risk of SC–MI (P < 0.05), while fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was no longer a predictive indicator of SC–MI with the increase of confounding factors [OR (95% CI): 1.001 (0.999–1.003), P = 0.305]. And in the subgroup analysis, HGI, only in participants without diabetes, was independently associated with higher risk of SC–MI, while HbA1c and FPG had no independent predictive role in both diabetic and non-diabetic participants.ConclusionsHGI was a significant predictor of SC–MI in the general population free from CVD.     

Nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients with triple-negative apocrine breast cancer: Surveillance,epidemiology, and end results-based analysis

PurposeTriple-negative apocrine carcinoma (TNAC) is a sort of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that is rare and prognosis of these patients is unclear. The present study constructed an effective nomogram to assist in predicting TNAC patients overall survival (OS).MethodsA total of 373 TNAC patients from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) got extracted from 2010 to 2016 and were divided into training (n = 261) and external validation (n = 112) groups (split ratio, 7:3) randomly. A Cox regression model was utilized to creating a nomogram according to the risk factors affecting prognosis. The predictive capability of the nomogram was estimated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsMultivariate Cox regression analysis revealed age, surgery, chemotherapy, stage, and first malignant primary as independent predictors of OS. A prediction model was constructed and virtualized using the nomogram. The time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) showed satisfactory discrimination of the nomogram. Good consistency was shown on the calibration curves in OS between actual observations and the nomogram prediction. What's more, DCA showed that the nomogram had incredible clinical utility. Through separating the patients into groups of low and high risk group that connects with the risk system that shows a huge difference between the low-risk and high risk OS (P < 0.001).ConclusionTo predict the OS in TNAC patients, the nomogram utilizing the risk stratification system that is corresponding. These tools may help to evaluate patient prognosis and guide treatment decisions.     

基于“脾肾相关”论治疗骨质疏松症的研究进展

骨质疏松症常见于中老年人群，是由多种原因导致骨组织显微结构受损、易发脆性骨折的一种全身性骨代谢障碍疾病。中医学认为肾虚是骨质疏松症发病的重要病机，因此以补肾壮骨为主要治法已达成普遍共识。笔者通过大量文献搜索发现，脾虚在骨质疏松症的致病过程中亦起着关键作用。肾、脾两脏为先后天之本，是维持人体正常生理活动的根本所在。因此本文着眼于“脾肾相关”理论，从中医基础理论、实验研究及临床观察等角度综述其防治疗骨质疏松症的科学内涵，并试探讨中医“脾肾相关”理论防治骨质疏松症的作用机制，找寻中医基础理论在防治骨质疏松症中的理论渊源，优化中医药防治骨质疏松症的诊疗方案，为更好得将祖国医学运用于临床提供新的思路与方法。