Assessment of oral ciprofloxacin impaired gut barrier integrity on gut bacteria in mice

Gut bacteria and gut barrier plays important roles in body homeostasis. Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) is widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, whether high dosage of CPFX has side effects on gut barrier integrity is still unclear. Our results indicated that the High CPFX treatment (1 mg/ml) caused weight loss, nervousness, anorexia, and increased apoptosis cells in gut, but less influence was observed in the Low CPFX group (0.2 mg/ml). Meanwhile, the High CPFX treatment impaired tight junction molecules Ocln/ZO-1 level and down-regulated antibacterial genes expression (reg3γ, pla2g2α and defb1). Further, the High CPFX treatment increased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in intestinal tract, decreased IL-17A of duodenum but increased IL-17A of colon at day 37. In addition, the gut bacterial diversity and richness behaved significantly loss regarding CPFX treatment, especially in the High CPFX group during the experiment. Indole exhibited sharply decline in both Low and High CPFX groups at day 7, and the High CPFX mice needed longer time on restoring indole level. Meanwhile, CPFX treatment strongly decreased the concentrations of butyric acid and valeric acid at day 1. Correlation analysis indicated that the linked patterns between the key bacteria (families Bacteroidales_S247, Ruminococcaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae) and metabolites (indole and butyric acid) were disturbed via the CPFX treatment. In conclusion, the High CPFX treatment impaired the gut barrier with the evidence of reduced expression of tight junction proteins, increased apoptosis cells and inflammatory cells, decreased the bacterial diversity and composition, which suggesting a proper antibiotic-dosage use should be carefully considered in disease treatment.     

Relationship between Neurological Deterioration and Blood Pressure/Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

ObjectivesNeurological deterioration (ND) during hospitalization is an independent predictor of poor prognosis after stroke. Risk factors affecting early ND within 48 h post stroke have been intensively investigated, while few data are available on those for late ND after transfer to a wheelchair. Therefore, it was investigated whether hemodynamic factors may affect the late ND during hospitalization.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted on 135 patients with atherothrombotic or cardiogenic cerebral infarction who were admitted to our hospital between April 1st, 2014 and July 31st, 2017. During hospitalization, average, maximum, and minimum values were determined for systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic BP (dBP), and heart rate (HR), respectively.135 patients were classified into two groups; ND (+) group, in which modified Barthel index score at the time of transfer to a wheelchair showed five points or more decrease between wheelchair transfer and discharge, and ND (?) group, which did not. Vital indices were compared between the two groups and subjected to ROC-curve analysis.ResultsThe ND (+) group included 32 patients, and the ND (?) 103. Significant differences were found between the groups in four items; sBPmin (p = 0.029), dBPmin (p = 0.019), HRave (p = 0.028), and HRmax (p < 0.01). The ND (+) group showed lower sBPmin and dBPmin, and higher HRave and HRmax than the ND (?) group.ConclusionsLate ND after transfer to a wheelchair is related to the vital indices during hospitalization and should be cautiously managed to prevent late ND     

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) eyeball oil exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and croton oil-treated mice

The effect of tuna eyeball oil (TEO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophage cells was investigated. TEO had no cytotoxicity in cell viability as compared to the control in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. TEO reduced the levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines by up to 50% in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of NF-κB and MAPKs as well as iNOS and COX-2 proteins was reduced by TEO, which suggests that its anti-inflammatory activity is related to the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The rate of formation of ear edema was reduced compared to that in the control at the highest dose tested. In an acute toxicity test, no mice were killed by TEO doses of up to 5000 mg/kg body weight during the two week observation period. These results suggested that TEO may have a significant effect on inflammatory factors and be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic.     

同型半胱氨酸对高血压患者脑卒中复发风险的影响

目的探讨高血压合并脑卒中患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与其他危险因素对于脑卒中复发的影响。 方法分析徐州市中心医院心内科和徐州医科大学附属医院神经外科自2012年5月至2013年12月收治的1623例高血压脑卒中患者的基线资料，中位随访4.9年，根据随访事件中是否发生脑卒中分为复发组（312例）与未复发组（1311例）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较不同危险因素脑卒中复发率的差异，单因素与多因素Cox回归模型分析影响脑卒中复发的独立危险因素，以及危险因素之间的交互作用。 结果复发组年龄、空腹血糖、Lg Hcy的水平，以及糖尿病、房颤的患病率均高于未复发组（P<0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示，糖尿病、房颤、年龄≥60岁、空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L、Hcy≥15 μmol/L的脑卒中复发率明显升高（Log-rank检验，P<0.05）。多因素Cox回归模型分析显示，高龄、Lg Hcy水平升高，以及房颤、糖尿病是脑卒中复发的独立危险因素。Lg Hcy分别与糖尿病、空腹血糖、年龄存在交互作用。 结论血浆Hcy水平升高既是高血压合并脑卒中患者卒中复发的独立危险因素，又通过与糖尿病、高龄、空腹血糖水平升高的交互作用显著增加脑卒中复发风险。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷实验对家猪急性冬眠心肌模型QT离散度影响的实验研究

目的 观察多巴酚丁胺负荷期间QT离散度(QTd)的变化情况,探讨其临床意义.方法 对13只小型中国家猪采用闭胸介入法制备急性冬眠心肌模型(右冠状动脉为靶血管),利用多巴酚丁胺超声负荷实验(DSE,0～40 μg·Kg-1·min-1)检出冬眠心肌,之后成功复灌,处死动物,对心脏行TTC大体染色及光镜检查.分别于模型制备前后、DSE期间及复灌后观察QTd的变化情况.结果 ①10只动物(76.92%)成功制备成模型,病理检查未示心肌坏死改变.②模型制备成功后QTd较正常状态明显增加[(68.75±5.33)ms和(25.00±1.77)ms,P＜0.05];复灌后明显降低[(35.62±3.47)ms和(68.75±5.33)ms,P＜0.05],与正常状态差异无统计学意义[(35.62±3.47)ms和(25.00±1.77)ms,P＞0.05].③DSE期间QTd呈现先降低后增加的双相反应的变化趋势.④模型制备成功后的QTd与DSE检出的急性冬眠心肌节段数呈中等程度的负相关(r=-0.64,P＜0.05).结论 ①.急性冬眠心肌动物模型的QTd明显增加,早期有效复灌可降低QTd.②DSE期间急性冬眠心肌模型的QTd呈现双相反应趋势.③急性冬眠心肌模型的QTd是反映冬眠心肌数量的指标之一.     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞Ⅱ型胶原表达的实验研究

目的探讨兔骨髓间充质干细胞表达Ⅱ型胶原的实验研究方法。方法利用β1转化生长因子腺病毒表达载体（Ad—TGFβ1）转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs），观察转染后的Ⅱ型胶原表达。结果细胞转染后Ⅱ型胶原在免疫印记和免疫组化检测下均呈强阳性表达。结论Ad—TGFβI转染兔骨髓MSCs可使其细胞内Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性。     

白内障超声乳化术后角膜地形图和屈光状态的观察

目的　观察白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后 ,患者角膜地形图和屈光状态的变化。方法　对2 0 0 0年～ 2 0 0 1年行白内障超声乳化的 136例 (15 1只眼 )患者术前、术后随访一年的资料进行回顾性分析。结果　术后 1、3、6、12月术眼的球镜、散光、角膜地形图曲率和散光 sim k值统计结果无明显差异 ;术后 1～ 12月视力和屈光状态稳定 (方差分析 P >0 .0 5 )。术后 6月平均视力为 0 .5 9± 0 .2 3,矫正视力为 0 .82± 0 .19,术后 6月 ,球镜为 (-0 .2 4± 0 .88) D,散光为 (- 0 .5 6± 1.0 1) D,在± 1.0 D之内球镜和散光眼分别为 84.0 %和 6 4.0 % ,≥ 0 .5和≥ 0 .8的视力分别为 70 .0 %和 2 8.0 % ,≥ 0 .5和≥ 0 .8的矫正视力分别为 94.0 %和 72 .0 %。≥ 0 .5和≥ 0 .8裸眼视力和矫正视力的平均百分率分别由 6 1.96 %和 2 3.49%提高到配镜矫正后的 92 .35 %和 6 3.0 9%。结论　超声乳化术后角膜形态和屈光状态保持良好的稳定性 ,患者可以达到良好的视力。由于植入的人工晶状体无调节功能和测量误差 ,目前部分患者需要配戴较低度数的眼镜矫正远或近视力 ,达到更好的视觉效果。     

氧化应激诱导神经细胞凋亡与c-Myc、Fas-FasL、核因子-κB关系的研究

目的　探讨氧化应激诱导神经细胞凋亡与c -Myc、Fas -FasL、核因子 -κB(NF -κB)蛋白表达的关系。　方法　将分离培养的新生SD大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞分为 :A组 (对照组 )、B组 (缺氧处理 )、C组 (低浓度H2 O2 处理 )、D组 [缺氧 +超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)处理 ]、E组 (H2 O2 +SOD处理 ) ,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、末端脱氧核苷酸介导的X -dUTP缺口末端标记法 (TUNEL)、流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡 ,免疫组织化学方法 (SP法 )测定细胞c -Myc、Fas -FasL、NF -κB蛋白表达。结果　B组和C组神经细胞凋亡率分别为A组的 6倍和 8倍 (P <0 .0 1) ;A组c -Myc、Fas-FasL、NF -κB阴性表达 ,其余各组均有阳性表达 ;SOD在降低B组和C组细胞c-Myc、Fas-FasL、NF -κB表达强度的同时 ,细胞凋亡率也随之降低。　结论　氧化应激诱导神经细胞凋亡可能与NF -κB的激活 ,启动凋亡相关基因c -Myc、Fas -FasL有关。     

间接测热法和反向Fick氏法测定心脏手术病人术后氧耗量的比较

目的 采用反向Fick氏法和间接测热法测定心脏手术后病人的全身氧耗,并比较两种测量方法的相关性和准确性。方法8例心脏手术术后病人,分别在入ICU后2h和6h时同时采用反向Fick氏和间接测热法测定病人的全身氧耗量。结果 间接测热法和反向Fick法测得氧耗分别是(16±30)ml·min-1·m-2和(127±23)ml·min-1·m-2,前者的测定结果显著高于后者(P<0.01)。相关分析显示两者有较好的相关性(r=0.92,P<0.01)。采用Bland和Altman统计分析提示两种测定结果的平均偏离值为(35.5±13.4)ml·min-1·m-2,其95％的分布范围是(9～62)ml·min-1·m-2,提示两种测量结果间的一致性较差。结论 两种方法测定心脏病人术后全身氧耗的结果有明显差异,其中反向Fick氏法的测定结果误差大、准确性差,而间接测热法是较好的临床选择。     

11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶与2型糖尿病

11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(11β-HSDs)催化氢化可的松(皮质酮)和可的松(脱氢皮质酮)的相互转化，对调节局部糖皮质激素的活性起着重要作用，而糖皮质激素可诱导胰岛素抵抗。肝、脂肪等组织内11β-HSD活性的改变与肥胖、2型糖尿病等疾病密切相关。