基于德尔菲法的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系构建

 目的 构建护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系,为培养及评价护理人员感染防控能力提供客观标准。方法 通过文献查阅和半结构式访谈法拟定护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标草案,筛选并邀请全国20名感染防控、护理管理、感染性疾病等领域专家采用德尔菲法对草案进行修改,采取层次分析法确定最终指标权重。结果 两轮咨询专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数分别为0.874、0.882;肯德尔和谐系数在0.139~0.545,两轮专家咨询最终确定了包括一级指标3项、二级指标10项、三级指标28项的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系。结论 研究构建的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系,可为护理人员医院感染防控能力培训、评价提供依据。     

头颈部CTA在脑梗死患者中的应用

目的探讨头颈部CTA在脑梗死患者中的应用价值。方法选取63例脑梗死患者行CTA检查,采用螺旋连续扫描技术,0.5mm层厚,0.938螺距,管电压120KV,管电流120mA。使用非离子型对比剂碘海醇(350mgI/mL,1.3～1.5mL/kg),高压注射器流速3.5～4.0mL/s。检查完成后经高级血管分析软件(AVA)行最大密度投影(MIP)、容积重建(VR)和曲面多平面重建(CMPR)处理,对血管狭窄程度进行分析。结果共发现血管壁软斑块61处,纤维斑块合并钙化斑块55处,单纯钙化斑块47处。轻度狭窄93处,中度狭窄44处,重度狭窄21处,血管闭塞5条。结论 CTA检查具有安全、无创、快捷、可三维成像等优点,对脑梗死患者的病因诊断、治疗及预后判断有重要意义。     

Computerized spermatogenesis staging (CSS) of mouse testis sections via quantitative histomorphological analysis

Spermatogenesis in mammals is a cyclic process of spermatogenic cell development in the seminiferous epithelium that can be subdivided into 12 subsequent stages. Histological staging analysis of testis sections, specifically of seminiferous tubule cross-sections, is the only effective method to evaluate the quality of the spermatogenic process and to determine developmental defects leading to infertility. Such staging analysis, however, is tedious and time-consuming, and it may take a long time to become proficient. We now have developed a Computerized Staging system of Spermatogenesis (CSS) for mouse testis sections through learning of an expert with decades of experience in mouse testis staging. The development of the CSS system comprised three major parts: 1) Developing computational image analysis models for mouse testis sections; 2) Automated classification of each seminiferous tubule cross-section into three stage groups: Early Stages (ES: stages I-V), Middle Stages (MS: stages VI-VIII), and Late Stages (LS: stages IV-XII); 3) Automated classification of MS into distinct stages VI, VII-mVIII, and late VIII based on newly developed histomorphological features. A cohort of 40 H&E stained normal mouse testis sections was built according to three modules where 28 cross-sections were leveraged for developing tubule region segmentation, spermatogenic cells types and multi-concentric-layers segmentation models. The rest of 12 testis cross-sections, approximately 2314 tubules whose stages were manually annotated by two expert testis histologists, served as the basis for developing the CSS system. The CSS system’s accuracy of mean and standard deviation (MSD) in identifying ES, MS, and LS were 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.94 ± 0.11, and 0.89 ± 0.05 and 0.85 ± 0.12, 0.88 ± 0.07, and 0.96 ± 0.04 for one with 5 years of experience, respectively. The CSS system’s accuracy of MSD in identifying stages VI, VII-mVIII, and late VIII are 0.74 ± 0.03, 0.85 ± 0.04, and 0.78 ± 0.06 and 0.34 ± 0.18, 0.78 ± 0.16, and 0.44 ± 0.25 for one with 5 years of experience, respectively. In terms of time it takes to collect these data, it takes on average 3 hours for a histologist and 1.87 hours for the CSS system to finish evaluating an entire testis section (computed with a PC (I7-6800k 4.0 GHzwith 32GB of RAM & 256G SSD) and a Titan 1080Ti GPU). Therefore, the CSS system is more accurate and faster compared to a human histologist in staging, and further optimization and development will not only lead to a complete staging of all 12 stages of mouse spermatogenesis but also could aid in the future diagnosis of human infertility. Moreover, the top-ranking histomorphological features identified by the CSS classifier are consistent with the primary features used by histologists in discriminating stages VI, VII-mVIII, and late VIII.     

Occult infection with HBV intergenotypic A2/G recombinant following acute hepatitis B caused by an HBV/A2 isolate

Viral and host factors leading to occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) are not fully understood. Whether HBV genotype may influence the occurrence and course of OBIs is unknown. Here, we describe the case of a patient infected with HBV genotype A2 who developed symptomatic acute hepatitis and did not seroconvert after loss of HBsAg and HBeAg. The acute phase of hepatitis B was followed by a period of more than 2 years during which the DNA of an intergenotypic HBV/A2/G recombinant was intermittently detected in serum.     

老年人反流性食管炎临床特点分析

目的探讨老年人反流性食管炎(RE)的内镜及临床特点。方法收集经胃镜检查确诊为RE的患者467例,分为老年组和非老年组,并对其临床和内镜资料进行对比分析。结果老年组内镜检出率为3.12%,高于非老年组(P<0.01);两组性别比男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义;老年组重度RE患者所占的比率高于非老年组(P<0.05);典型症状反酸、烧心发生率低于非老年组(P<0.01);非典型症状咽部异物感、慢性咳嗽的发生率均显著高于非老年组(P<0.01);幽门螺杆菌感染率在两组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 RE是老年人常见病,且男性占较大比例,其典型反流症状发生率低,易发生重度食管炎,消化内镜对RE的诊断具有重要价值。     

miRNAs in lung cancer: A link to aging

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Development of lung cancer is associated with exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke and some environmental factors. The incidence of lung cancer increases with age, particularly after age 60. It was estimated that less than 2% of all lung cancer cases occurred in patients younger than 45; therefore, this type of tumor can be considered as an aging-related disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of regulating expression of over 50% of protein-coding genes. miRNAs were shown to play an extremely important role in cell functioning, affecting all biological processes, as well as development of various diseases. Expression profiles of miRNAs are known to be altered in cancer, including lung cancer, and also exhibit changes during aging. These RNA molecules are stable in tissue sections and blood and reflect tumor origin, histotype, and stage, which make them candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. miRNA mimetics or inhibitors can be delivered into a cell, with possible therapeutic implications. Here, we review the results obtained during the last several years that demonstrate the aging-related regulation of miRNAs expression, in association with their role in lung cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to anticancer therapy, as well as the possibility to use miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response.     

手术治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的 探讨跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗效果.方法 手术治疗82例跟骨骨折患者(88足),恢复跟骨B(o)hler角、跟骨外形和距下关节面的平整,并用自体或异体骨植骨,钢板内固定.结果 患者均获随访,时间10～24(18±1.5)个月.距下关节面恢复平整,B(o)hler角由术前6°±2.0°恢复至33°±2.0°.按照Maryland足部评分系统评价疗效:优56足,良21足,可8足,差3足,优良率87.5%.结论 跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗效果满意,重点是恢复跟骨外形、B(o)hler角和距下关节面的平整.     

6min步行试验在经皮冠状动脉介入术后康复治疗中的意义

目的:探讨6min步行试验在冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后康复治疗中的意义。方法:64例PCI术后冠心病患者被随机均分为康复治疗组和对照组(各32例)。观察术后2周及3个月时两组6min步行试验时的距离及心绞痛诱发情况,并作统计学分析。结果:两组治疗3个月后6min步行距离均较2周时明显增加(P0.05),且术后2周及3个月时康复治疗组6min步行距离[435±56)m,(465±52)m]均较对照组[420±39)m,(440±45)m]明显增加(P均0.05),另外,术后3个月6min步行距离试验诱发的心绞痛:康复组的显著少于对照组(0%:9.4%,P0.05)。结论:康复治疗有助于进一步提高运动能力、减少心绞痛的发生。6 min步行试验对术后康复效果的评估有重要意义。