生殖健康促进

健康促进最早是由医学史家Henry E.Sigerist于1945年提出来的[1]。他指出我们应该通过提供适宜的生活标准,良好的劳动条件、教育、物质文化以及休闲方式来促进健康。目前,普遍为大家所接受的健康促进的定义为“健康促进是促使人们维持和改善他们自身健康的过程[2]。”这个定义是一个包含社会和政治综合性的过程。它不仅仅是加强个人的技能和能力,还包括改变社会、环境和经济的条件来减少它们对大众和个人健康的影响。所以,健康促进是增强人们对健康决定因素的控制能力,从而改善其健康的过程。作为健康重要组成部分的生殖健康同样也受到了…     

市县2级疾病预防控制机构检验能力差异分析

目的 分析不同地区市县2级疾病预防控制中心实验室检验能力的地区差异。方法 采用二阶段分层抽样法，在全国范围内抽取143个省辖市和县级疾病预防控制中心，调查其机构设置、仪器设备配置以及可以开展的检验项目等情况。结果 143个市县疾病预防控制机构的仪器全套达标率为82．0％，其中东部地区75．3％。中部地区89．9％，西部地区81．0％。市级机构平均可开展检测项目数量为208项，其中东部为242项，中部为209项。西部为158项；县级机构平均可开展项目数量为126项，东部、中部、西部分别为148，127和88项，不同地区之间差异有统计学意义。地区之间检验能力的差异主要表现在健康相关物品及相关因素的检测能力与质量等方面。结论 加强实验室检验能力建设的重点应关注西部地区，主要加强健康相关物品及相关因素检测能力。     

健康相关物品实验室检测质量控制指标研究

目的 探索建立一套基于工作流程和步骤的实验室监测质量控制指标。方法 通过文献查阅、焦点小组访谈和专家咨询以及相关机构专业人员意向评价等方法进行。结果 确立健康相关物品检测质量控制指标共15个，其中关键指标5个，分别为采样记录填写完整率、运输及保管条件的记录符合率、检测方法受控率、质控有效率、检测结果准确率。结论 所建立的质量控制指标基本符合疾病预防控制机构实际工作需要，可为开展实验室检测工作的质量控制提供依据。     

心源性肺水肿的机械通气治疗和机械通气相关性肺水肿

机械通气(MV)可纠正严重呼吸衰竭患者的低氧血症和呼吸性酸中毒,常作为危重症患者的生命支持手段。一般认为MV能改善肺水肿,但可能抑制肺循环和体循环,对左心功能产生不利影响。实际上MV与心肺功能之间的关系并非如此简单,简述如下。一、心源性肺水肿的病理生理1·心源性肺水肿     

循证医学对现代儿科学的意义

桂永浩教授:循证医学(evidence based medicine, EBM)是20世纪后期迅速发展起来的一门新兴的交叉学科。他之所以引起西方现代医学的高度重视是因为EBM 提出:医务人员在对患者进行的诊治中必须基于当前可得到的最佳的临床证据,并结合医生个人的经验和来自患者的临床资料,在充分尊重患者的选择和意愿的基础上,使患     

三日龄大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤对大脑MRI影像和学习记忆能力的远期影响

Objective To investigate the activation of apoptotic genes of the brain with hypoxia- ischemia (HI) in newborn SD rats, and MRI changes and memory and learning ability in adulthood. Methods HI was induced by right carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h of hypoxia (6% O2) on 3-day-old SD rats (n=36). Control pups were sham-operated (n = 27). Right brain hemisphere was collected at 12 h and 7 d after HI and subjected to an apoptosis Oligo GEArrayR. MRI and Morris water maze test were performed on both groups at 42 and 44 days old, respectively. Results Comparing to 12 h after HI, up-regulated apoptotic genes included TNF, Caspase and pro-apoptotit genes of Bcl2 families, whereas the anti-apoptotic genes of Bcl2 family were down-regulated at 7 d after HI. The MRI assessment of the rats in HI group demonstrated that the area of the right cerebra l cortex was significantly smaller than the left side and control [periventricular layer: (23.5±3.6) mm2 vs (33.0±4.3) mm2, (34.5±3.9) mm2; hippocampus layer: (18.9±4.4) mm2 vs (29.1±5.0) mm2,(30.8±4.5) mm2, both P<0.01]. During the navigation trial, the HI rats demonstrated longer escape latency (4th day: (52.7±35.9) vs (17.8±8. 9) s, P<0.01). HI rats passed the platform less times than the control ones (T= 292.5, P<0.05) in space probe trial. Conclusions The activation of apoptotic genes induced by HI brain injury remains until 7 days later, involving intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The apoptosis of neural cells may lead to poor development of the cortex and impair the memory and learning ability in the adult rats after neonatal hypoxia- ischemia injury.     

有缺氧病史早产儿在不同刺激速率下脑干听觉诱发电位的变化及意义

目的通过分析不同刺激速率下的脑干听觉诱发电位变化，观察有缺氧病史的早产儿在纠正胎龄足月时的脑功能状态。方法2002年7月至2004年7月复旦大学儿科医院新生儿科收治的早产儿，缺氧组：39例，有缺氧病史，除外其它听力及脑损伤高危因素；对照组：30例，无缺氧病史，无其他听力损伤高危因素。两组于纠正胎龄37~42周时进行脑干听觉诱发电位检查，声刺激速率为21.1/s、51.1/s和91.1/s，分析Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期、振幅、峰间期等参数，进行t检验。结果在60dBnHL刺激强度下，随刺激速率增加，各组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期、峰间期均逐渐延长，振幅下降。在常规21.1/s时，缺氧组仅表现为Ⅴ波潜伏期和Ⅲ~Ⅴ峰间期延长；随刺激速率增加，不仅上述差异更加显著，而且Ⅲ波潜伏期、Ⅴ波振幅及Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅰ~Ⅴ峰间期也表现出差异。结论有缺氧病史的早产儿在纠正胎龄足月时脑干功能仍存在异常，提高刺激速率有助于异常的检出，为更好地研究新生儿脑干功能状态及发育规律提供了新的方法。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关诱导凋亡配体与放化疗联用对喉癌细胞的协同杀伤效应及机制

Objective To determine the sensitivity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis in Hep-2 cells by means of systematically evaluating the cytotoxicity of TRAIL alone and TRAIL in combination with chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, paclitaxel) or radiation in Hep-2 cells in vitro, and whether the synergistic killing effects correlated with the expression level of TRAIL receptors and the activity of caspnse-8 or caspase-9. Methods The cytotoxicities of TRAIL, cisplatin and paclitaxel were investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression levels of four TRAIL receptors in Hep-2 cells after treated by TRAIL, chemotherapeutic agents or radiation alone and by combined treatments were measured by flow eytometry and Western blotting respectively. The growth inhibition effects of caspase-8 or caspase-9 inhibitor on Hep-2 cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, and the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were measured by Western blotting. Results The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) of TRAIL to Hep-2 ceils on 24 h was 596. 92 μg/L Cisplatin, paclitaxel and radiation had synergistic inhibitory effects with TRAIL on the growth of Hep-2 cell line. After the activity of caspase-9 was inhibited by Z-LETD-FMK, the inhibition effects of TRAIL, cisplatin and paclitaxel on Hep-2 cells decreased significantly (all P < 0. 05). The expressions of caspase-8, caspase-9 and the death receptors (DR4 and DR5) increased significantly (all P < 0. 05) after combined administration. Conclusions Hep-2 cells are resistant to the apoptosis induced by TRAIL and TRAIL can induce the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells through the endogenous apeptotic pathway. The increase of death receptors expression by chemotherapeutic agents or radiation could enhance the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to TRAIL and the synergistic killing effects.     

神经生长因子在小鼠病毒性心肌炎心肌中表达的意义

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎(VMC)发病过程中,心肌组织神经生长因子(NGF)表达的动态变化及发病机制中作用。方法70只4周龄雄性BALB/C小鼠腹腔接种0.1ml的CVB3建立VMC模型,10只同周龄同品系小鼠腹腔接种Eagle’s液作为对照组。VMC组于接种后3、7、15、30d,对照组于30d处死,采用RT-PCR、免疫组化检测心肌NGF mRNA及蛋白表达,并对NGF表达水平与心肌病变积分进行相关性分析。结果VMC组3~30d各时点心肌NGF mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显增高,以7d时为最高,与对照组比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05或0.01),而且NGF蛋白表达水平与心肌病变积分呈显著正相关(r=0.90,P<0.05)。结论NGF过度表达可能在病毒性心肌炎的发病机制中起重要作用。     

绒毛及合体滋养层细胞吲哚胺2,3-二氧化酶表达与流产的关系

目的:探讨人早孕绒毛组织吲哚胺2,3-二氧化酶(IDO)的表达与流产的关系。方法:RT-PCR测正常妊娠和难免流产绒毛组织及JAR细胞株IDOmRNA表达;免疫组化分析两组绒毛组织IDO蛋白质表达;Westernblot检测体外培养的合体滋养层细胞IDO蛋白质表达;高效液相色谱法检测细胞培养上清液中有无犬尿氨酸。结果:难免流产组绒毛组织IDOmRNA及蛋白质表达均低于正常组;JAR细胞株不表达IDOmRNA;合体滋养层细胞表达IDO蛋白质;合体滋养层细胞培养上清中有犬尿氨酸。结论:绒毛组织IDO正常表达是维持妊娠所必需;体外培养的人早孕绒毛合体滋养层细胞表达的IDO具有活性。