放射科医务人员职业性照射的血液效应

木文收集了1957年以来放射科工作者的血液改变,从中找出与射线接触有关的白细胞减少、白细胞增多,再生障碍性贫血、嗜酸粒细胞增多症、真性红细胞增多症和白血病等六种变化,其中明确为辐射引起的白细胞增多13例,辐射诱发再障3例,与辐射有关的嗜酸粒细胞增多症6例,辐射诱发白血病2例.除辐射诱发多发性骨髓瘤和继发性血小板减少性紫癍外,几乎包括了射线对血液系纺损伤的各种类型.     

铅对发育脑纹状体毒蕈碱和多巴胺受体的影响

母鼠从受孕d0至分娩后d21连续饮用含300和1000ppm的铅水。新生大鼠出生后d21处死。结果表明,血和纹状体铅含量明显增加;在1000ppm组,DNA,RNA降低和蛋白质/DNA比值升高;纹状体DA含量亦减少。铅不影响[~3H]spiperone与纹状体DA受体的特异结合。但影响[~3H]QNB与MACh受体的特异结合,受体数目增加,亲和力未变,提示脑纹状体MACh受体功能状态与铅含量有关。铅影响发育脑纹状体的这两种受体的相互平衡,可能是铅对仔代神经毒性的原因之一。     

氟碳代血液的慢性毒性病理学研究

本文用临床通用剂量(20ml/kg,相当于成人一次使用1200ml)的氟碳代血液作慢性毒性病理学研究。狗在一次静脉注入本品后主要沉积在单核巨噬系统,并被固定和游离的组织细胞所吞噬,吞噬后的组织细胞转变为泡沫细胞。 注入后1月仍属潴留高峰,6月后除脾脏外各脏器均已基本排空并不留任何病理痕迹,12月后所有被检脏器在光镜下均已不能查见泡沫细胞,但在电镜下肝脾仍可偶见个别部位留有少量小泡状物质,作者认为此种极微量的潴留缺乏临床意义。 作者也认为氟碳代血液对靶细胞只是被吞噬和潴留,未出现任何明显病理学改变。 根据研究结果,作者认为本品属非原浆毒并为生物惰性物质,亦不存在由于本品在单核巨噬系统潴留而引起的继发性病理损害问题,并认为本剂量的临床应用是安全的。     

S168对放射性锶的促排效果和药理研究

新络合剂S₁₆₈(乙酰胺基丙叉二膦酸)对放射性锶有较好的促排效果。肌注S₁₆₈可使大鼠体内的⁸⁵Sr由尿排出50%以上, 为相同剂量的BADE和BAI冷尿锣排出量的1.5倍。增加S₁₆₈剂量, 尿⁸⁵Sr排出可高达70%, 但延缓给药时间效果降低。S₁₆₈的促排效果与剥量呈线性关系, Y尿带=4.13+0.078X。S₁₆₈合用中。(鸡内金)能提高疗效, 呈现两药相加作用。本文还详细介绍了S₁₆₈在小鼠、大鼠和狗身上进行药理研究的结果。     

上海制革业联苯胺染料接触者中癌症发病的队列研究

901 male workers who have ever been exposed to the benzidine-derived dyes for more than 1 year in Shanghai leather-tanning industry, were investigated about their occupational history, smoking and drinking histories, case history of cancer, and the causes of death. The results showed that there was an excess morbidity of bladder cancer in this population, and the SIR was 273 (P = 0.05) compared with the general population of Shanghai urban. It may be noted that the excess of the bladder cancer was presented mainly in those workers whose ages of the first exposure were under 19 years old, and the bladder cancer incidence seemed to be associated positively with the cumulative duration of exposure. The survey about the smoking history did not show any obvious relationship between smoking and the development of the bladder cancer. Moreover, it was seen that a trend of excessive in incidence of the nasopharyngeal cancer and the lymphosarcoma existed in this population.     

滑石粉生产中滑石尘肺的危害

本文对某滑石粉厂进行劳动卫生学调查及滑石作业工人的健康检查,结果表明,该厂滑石粉尘浓度为1.2～1328mg/m~3,分散度<5μ的占73.1%,滑石肺患病率为25.9%,发病工龄平均为16.6年,并对接触滑石粉尘后出现X线胸片改变及肺功能障碍的特征进行描述。说明滑石粉尘的危害不容忽视。     

孕鼠接触苯乙烯对其仔代神经行为毒性影响的研究

本研究采用一组行为试验方法,观察Wistar孕鼠吸入苯乙烯对后代发育和行为的影响。50ppm苯乙烯(相当我国车间容许浓度5倍)已引起大鼠后代早期行为发育迟缓、活动性和情绪改变及学习能力低下。     

Evaluation of a bioceramic-based nanocomposite material for controlled delivery of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

In this study, nanocomposite of 50 wt% calcium sulfate and 50 wt% nanocrystalline apatite was produced and its biocompatibility, physical and structural properties were compared with pure calcium sulfate (CS) cement. Indomethacin (IM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was also loaded on both CS and nanocomposite cements and its in vitro release was evaluated over a period of time. The effect of the loaded IM on basic properties of the cements was also investigated. Biocompatibility tests showed a partial cytotoxicity in CS cement due to the reduced number of viable mouse fibroblast L929 cells in contact with the samples as well as spherical morphologies of the cells. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed for nanocomposite cement and no significant difference was found between the number of the cells seeded in contact with this specimens and culture plate as control. Other results showed that the setting time and injectability of the nanocomposite cement was much higher than those of CS cement, whereas reverse result obtained for compressive strength. In addition, incorporation of IM into compositions slightly increased the initial setting time and injectability of the cements and did not change their compressive strength. While a fast IM release was observed from CS cement in which about 97% of the loaded drug was released during 48 h, nanocomposite cement showed a sustained release behavior in which 80% of the loaded IM was liberated after 144 h. Thus, the nanocomposite can be a more appropriate carrier than CS for controlled release of IM in bone defect treatments.     

Implication of CLU gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease

BackgroundClusterin (also called apolipoprotein J) has a potential central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, two genome-wide association studies have identified three variants in CLU gene encoding clusterin associated with AD risk in Caucasians, while there are no studies on the association of CLU with AD risk in Asians.MethodsThe study investigated 324 sporadic late-onset AD (LOAD) and 388 healthy controls matched for sex and age in a Han Chinese population. Three common genetic variants (rs2279590, rs11136000 and rs9331888) in CLU gene were genotyped using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.ResultsThe minor allele (G) of the rs9331888 polymorphism within CLU was significantly associated with an increased risk of LOAD (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.13–1.72, P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the rs9331888 polymorphism presented strong associations with LOAD in the dominant, recessive and additive models. No significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of the rs2279590 and rs11136000 polymorphisms were found between LOAD patients and controls. Haplotype analysis identified a risk haplotype (CCG) (OR = 1.66) and a protective haplotype (CCC)(OR = 0.70).ConclusionsOur findings implicate CLU as a susceptibility gene for LOAD in Han Chinese.