一台引起放射性皮肤损伤的介入放射学设备检测结果调查与分析

目的 通过调查和分析一台引起放射性皮肤损伤的介入放射学设备的质量控制检测结果,为介入放射学程序运行过程中的放射防护最优化提供建议。方法 调取一台引起患者放射性皮肤损伤的介入放射学设备近3年的5次质量控制检测报告,比较检测结果的差异并分析存在的问题。结果 对于“透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值”项目,3家机构5次检测结果在6.08~24.89 mGy/min之间,符合相关标准的要求;不同曝光模式(普通剂量率透视模式、高剂量率透视模式、电影模式)和不同帧率对受检者入射体表空气比释动能率和透视防护区检测平面上周围剂量当量率检测结果影响较大;操作该设备的介入医生对设备的曝光模式了解不足,手术后未记录患者剂量。结论 通过对介入放射学设备的调试可显著降低患者剂量;建议在标准修订时增加参考点累积剂量或剂量面积乘积准确性指标的检测;加强对介入医生和技师的专业培训,使其充分了解设备不同曝光模式对患者和术者剂量的影响。     

Silicosis: a Disease with an Active Present

Silicosis, is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust. Despite it being one of the oldest occupational diseases, it continues being a cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. The World Health Organisation and the International Labour Organisation (WHO/ILO) are aware of the current problem and have designed the International Programme on the Global Elimination of Silicosis, which identifies occupational groups at risk. We present 3 cases of silicosis in young construction workers, who are exposed to high concentrations of silica due to handling artificial silica conglomerates. The main objective of this study is to identify new risk sources, to highlight the dangers involved when the substance is used without any preventative measures, and to outline the importance of the occupational history to avoid under-diagnosis of this disease.     

Radiation exposure from videofluoroscopic swallow studies in children with a type 1 laryngeal cleft and pharyngeal dysphagia: A retrospective review

IntroductionRadiation exposure is recognized as having long term consequences, resulting in increased risks over the lifetime. Children, in particular, have a projected lifetime risk of cancer, which should be reduced if within our capacity. The objective of this study is to quantify the amount of ionizing radiation in care for children being treated for aspiration secondary to a type 1 laryngeal cleft. With this baseline data, strategies can be developed to create best practice pathways to maintain quality of care while minimizing radiation exposure.MethodsRetrospective review of 78 children seen in a tertiary pediatric aerodigestive center over a 5 year period from 2008 to 2013 for management of a type 1 laryngeal cleft. The number of videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) per child was quantified, as was the mean effective dose of radiation exposure. The 78 children reviewed were of mean age 19.9 mo (range 4 mo–12 years). All children were evaluated at the aerodigestive center with clinical symptomatology and subsequent diagnosis of a type 1 laryngeal cleft. Aspiration was assessed via VFSS and exposure data collected. Imaging exams where dose parameters were not available were excluded.ResultsThe mean number of VFSS each child received during the total course of treatment was 3.24 studies (range 1–10). The average effective radiation dose per pediatric VFSS was 0.16 mSv (range: 0.03 mSv–0.59 mSv) per study. Clinical significance was determined by comparison to a pediatric CXR. At our facility a CXR yields an effective radiation dose of 0.017 mSv. Therefore, a patient receives an equivalent total of 30.6 CXR over the course of management.ConclusionsRadiation exposure has known detrimental effects particularly in pediatric patients. The total ionizing radiation from VFSS exams over the course of management of aspiration has heretofore not been reported in peer reviewed literature. With this study's data in mind, future developments are indicated to create innovative clinical pathways and limit radiation exposure.     

一起介入治疗意外照射导致背部大面积放射性皮肤损伤患者的生物剂量估算

目的 对疑似因介入治疗致背部大面积皮肤损伤的患者进行生物剂量估算与重建。方法 术后约7个月（2020年7月22日）,采集患者外周血进行染色体畸变分析并用不同方法构建的剂量曲线估算剂量,用剂量估算的修正系数、Dolphin''s模型和Qdr方法重建患者术后短期内的受照剂量。结果 基于dic半自动与dic+r人工分析及4条剂量曲线估算患者的全身平均吸收剂量为0.68~0.95 Gy,泊松分布检验结果显示u值均>1.96,患者受到局部不均匀照射,且半自动分析可明显提高剂量估算的效率。3种重建剂量方法修正后估算患者术后短期内的全身平均吸收剂量为1.80~2.86 Gy。估算的生物剂量与该患者存在放射损伤和临床诊断为局部放射性皮肤损伤Ⅳ度的结果基本一致。结论 通过染色体畸变分析和生物剂量估算,确诊了1例因介入治疗致背部大面积放射性皮肤损伤的患者,非稳定性染色体畸变分析对局部不均匀照射受照者回顾性生物剂量的估算与重建有可行性。     

一起介入治疗意外照射导致背部大面积放射性皮肤损伤的调查及分析

目的 通过调查分析1例由于介入治疗意外照射致背部大面积放射性损伤的病例,探讨该事件发生过程中存在的问题,为今后避免类似事件发生提供建议。方法 询问受照患者详细病史,收集分析患者临床诊疗资料,追踪观察患者临床表现和体征。采集患者外周血估算生物剂量,现场采集介入治疗医院照射设备数据等。结果 患者全身生物剂量估算为0.95 Gy。测得介入设备减影模式和透视模式下透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值分别为373.5和47.8 mGy/min。该介入医生习惯长时间曝光操作,其年有效剂量为20.51 mSv,高于同科室其他工作量相近的介入医生（3.09 mSv）。患者全身及局部临床表现均符合放射损伤,辗转多家医院未予明确诊断,局部损伤治疗效果不明显。结论 结合生物剂量估算结果及临床表现,该病例被诊断为放射性皮肤损伤Ⅳ度。放射性损伤与是否按规范操作及X射线机输出剂量等因素密切相关,非专科医院在辐射损伤的临床诊断及治疗有待加强。