中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎研究概况

综述近年中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究,认为本病病因病机之核心在于脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀毒为标,病久则伤及脾肾,由实转虚。中医内治法主要以辨证论治、辨病论治或单方验方为主,外治法以中药洗浴、中药灌肠、肛门给药、针灸为主。中医药治疗本病优势明显。应继续完善对中医药作用机制的认识,制订统一的辨证论治及疗效评价标准,针对效果显著的名方开展研究。     

我国类鼻疽病的流行病学特征及诊疗的研究进展

类鼻疽病是由类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei)感染引起的一类人畜共患病,主要流行于全球热带及亚热带地区。在我国主要流行于南部地区,疫源地为海南、广东、广西、台湾等。伴随着旅游业和贸易业的发展,我国其他非疫区出现了输入性病例。类鼻疽病的感染途径主要为经伤口、粘膜、呼吸道、消化道等,其病变可涉及机体所有器官,易造成较高的误诊率和病死率。然而我国目前类鼻疽病的流行病筛查技术存在一定的局限性,在防控方面未实行有效的疾病监测和疾病报告制度,对基层医师和民众疾病知识普及的力度不够。因此,本文旨在提高我国医务工作者对类鼻疽病的重视程度,从类鼻疽病的病原学特征、流行病学特征、临床特征、诊断与治疗、防控措施这五个方面进行详细综述。     

妊娠期糖尿病女性产后自我管理现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解妊娠期糖尿病女性产后一年内自我管理水平及影响因素,为提高妊娠期糖尿病女性产后自我管理水平、制定预防2型糖尿病的针对性策略提供参考依据。方法 2021年1月至9月按多阶段抽样方法抽取海口市5家医院205例既往有妊娠期糖尿病病史的女性进行调查。结果 产后一年内的妊娠期糖尿病女性自我管理处于低水平,得分率为59.6%;多元逐步线性回归分析结果显示,妊娠期糖尿病女性产后自我管理水平的影响因素有职业为医务人员（t=2.206,P=0.029）、文化程度（t=4.028,P＜0.001）、T2DM自我感知风险（t=4.510,P＜0.001）、孕期使用胰岛素情况（t=3.382,P=0.001）、产后新生儿进入NICU（t=-3.675,P＜0.001）、产后行OGTT筛查（t=2.467,P=0.014）、停止母乳喂养（t=3.296,P=0.001）、产后抑郁（t=-3.684,P＜0.001）及自我效能（t=5.257,P＜0.001）。结论 妊娠期糖尿病女性产后一年内的自我管理水平亟待提升,其影响因素较多,医务人员应根据人群不同特征进行针对性指导,从而实现科学有效的自我管理。     

海南省“营养改善计划”某试点地区中小学生贫血状况及影响因素分析

目的 分析海南省“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”（简称“计划”）某试点地区中小学生贫血的变化趋势及影响因素。方法 2014—2017年采用分层整群随机抽样法,在实施“计划”的重点监测县抽取中小学生进行血红蛋白等生化指标检测及问卷调查。多组均值间比较采用方差分析,率的比较采用χ²检验,贫血影响因素分析采用二分类Logistic回归。结果 2014—2017年共抽取学生2 590人,各年血红蛋白平均水平分别为（138.1±12.0）、（136.4±13.4）、（138.1±12.4）、（138.1±15.4）g/L,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4年来各年贫血率分别为5.4%、5.4%、4.5%、6.7%,变化趋势无统计学意义（P>0.05）;其中2015年初中生贫血率高于小学生（P<0.05）,其余年度小学、初中生间,男、女生间贫血率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,少数民族学生（OR=6.947）和维生素A亚临床缺乏/缺乏学生（OR=2.030）发生贫血的风险更高。结论 该地区中小学生贫血状况改善不明显,少数民族和维生素A亚临床缺乏/缺乏学生是需改善贫血的重点人群。     

海口市儿童肺炎患者呼吸道标本流感嗜血杆菌的耐药性与分子流行病学特征

 目的 调查海口市肺炎患儿分离的流感嗜血杆菌临床分布、耐药状况及克隆传播情况,为预防和治疗儿童流感嗜血杆菌性肺炎提供理论依据。方法 收集2021年海口市妇幼保健院5 342例住院肺炎患儿临床资料,分析患儿呼吸道标本流感嗜血杆菌阳性情况,检测菌株耐药性,并采用多位点序列分型（MLST）分析其同源性。结果 5 342例肺炎患儿共分离352株流感嗜血杆菌,检出率为6.59%;男患儿检出率为7.10%,女患儿检出率为5.82%;年龄<30 d检出率为0.30%,30 d~为8.45%,2岁~为11.62%,4岁~为12.88%,≥ 6岁为2.56%,各年龄段检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;春季检出率为14.04%,夏季为4.48%,秋季为4.62%,冬季为4.40%,各季节检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶阳性率为42.60%（141/331）,对复方磺胺甲口恶唑、氨苄西林、头孢呋辛的耐药率分别为76.43%、69.19%、51.36%,对阿奇霉素、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢他啶和头孢曲松的耐药率<30%,对美罗培南和左氧氟沙星的耐药率<1%。51株流感嗜血杆菌经MLST测序分成15个ST型;其中ST107包含11株（21.57%）,主要分布在4个月~1岁患儿（9株）和3岁患儿（2株）。结论 海口市肺炎患儿分离的流感嗜血杆菌具有遗传多样性,且发生社区克隆传播,以2~3岁幼儿感染多见。春季是感染高发季节,ST107是春季流行优势克隆型。经验治疗时须谨慎使用复方磺胺甲口恶唑、氨苄西林和头孢呋辛,阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药率和β-内酰胺酶阴性菌株对氨苄西林耐药率升高,临床应引起重视。     

Releasing of The White Paper on Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence in China

In the afternoon of March 26,2019, The White Paper on Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence in China was officially released in Beijing by the Chinese Innovative Alliance of Industry, Education, Research and Application of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Imaging (CAIERA). The white paper was co-operatively written by the medical imaging experts from the tertiary Chinese hospitals, the scientific experts from AI research institutions and the leading AI medical enterprises in China. The contents of the white paper not only cover the up-to-date application of AI in medical field, the latest advances of AI algorithms in medical image processing, the data requirement for medical AI development, and the current situation of structured data, but also expatiate the goal and challenge of clinical application for medical imaging AI development in 16 medical subject areas, which helps to identify the demands and opportunities for the AI industry. Forty representative enterprises of AI medical imaging in China were introduced in the white paper. The white paper points out the three key problems in development of AI products: the robustness, ease of usage and data security, which provides guidance of direction and strategy for the enterprises. Particularly, in view of the national policy on developing AI, the white paper gives a profound analysis on the challenges and the opportunities that medical imaging AI is facing. These contents agglomerate the cutting-edge efforts of experts in the industry-academia-research-application chain of medical AI, represent the mainstream voice of the society in China. The White Paper will play a guiding role in understanding the market demands and establishing standardized systems in the path of landing AI products in the field medical imaging. Full text of the White paper is publicly accessible from the CAIERA website, or by scanning the 2D code in the article.     

Fine structure of interleukin 18 (IL-18) receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the retrosplenial cortex and its changes in IL18 knockout mice

Interleukin 18 (IL-18) participates in the inflammatory immune response of lymphocytes. Delay in learning or memory are common in the IL-18 knockout mouse. Many IL-18-immunoreactive neurons are found in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the subiculum. These neurons also contain the IL-18 receptor. We determined the location and the ultrastructure of the IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the RSC and observed changes in the IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons of the IL-18 knockout mouse. The IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons were found specifically in layer V of the granular RSC. They were medium-sized neurons with a light oval nucleus and had little cytoplasm with many free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria, but no Nissl bodies. The number of axosomatic terminals was about six per section. The IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons were not found in the RSC in the IL-18 knockout mouse at 5 or 9 weeks of age. However, many small electron-dense neurons were found in layer V. Both the nucleus and cytoplasm were electron-dense, but not necrotic. The mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were swollen. The IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons were presumed to be degenerating. The degeneration of the IL18-receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the RSC may cause the abnormal behaviors of the IL-18 knockout mice.     

妊娠合并自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征一例

卵巢过度刺激综合征是辅助生殖技术常见的并发症,通常在排卵后2周或2周以上发生。然而自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征极其罕见,一些病例报道表明,自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生与卵泡刺激素受体突变、高人绒毛膜促性腺激素水平、高促甲状腺激素水平、促性腺激素垂体腺瘤等有关。现报告1例双胎妊娠合并自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的病例,并进一步探讨自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的可能病因、诊断和治疗原则。     

两种不同试剂对SD大鼠血凝四项检测结果的比对

目的 比对进口和国产两种不同厂家品牌的血凝试剂对实验动物SD大鼠和人血凝四项(PT、APTT、TT、FIB)检测结果,观察它们之间是否存在差异。方法 选用SPF级SD大鼠及人血凝标本,分别用国产和进口两种不同品牌血凝试剂检测PT、APTT、TT及FIB血凝四项指标。结果 两种不同品牌血凝试剂对大鼠血凝四项指标检测结果均存在差异,大鼠血凝指标PT、APTT、FIB国产试剂检测结果高于进口试剂(P<0.05);大鼠血凝指标TT进口试剂检测结果高于国产试剂(P<0.05);而人血凝标本未见明显差异。结论 不同厂家品牌的血凝试剂检测SD大鼠血凝四项(PT、APTT、TT、FIB)结果可存在差异,各实验室应根据需求建立相应的背景数据。