新冠肺炎流行期中学生从医意愿及相关因素

目的:了解中学生在新冠肺炎流行期间的从医意愿及其相关因素。方法:在2020年3月8日-15日对全国8078名12~18岁的中学生进行在线问卷调查。采用自编调查表进行从医意愿及原因调查,患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)用于抑郁症状的筛查,广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)用于焦虑症状的筛查,社会支持评定量表(SSRS)用于评估个体的社会支持水平。结果:新冠疫情期间中学生有从医意愿者比率为55.1%,前3位原因分别为职业价值高、对医学感兴趣、职业受人尊重,其中29.8%的中学生在疫情爆发后由无从医意愿转为有从医意愿。无从医意愿前3位原因分别为对医学不感兴趣、工作压力大、工作忙而休息时间少。Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.31,P<0.001)、居住在城市(OR=1.14,P<0.05)、高(OR=2.70,P<0.001)或中(OR=1.48,P<0.001)社会支持水平与中学生较高的从医意愿关联;高中(OR=0.60,P<0.001)、抑郁症状(OR=0.74,P<0.001)与中学生较低的从医意愿关联。结论:新冠肺炎流行期间,中学生有从医意愿的占比超过半数,女性、居住在城市、社会支持水平较高的中学生从医意愿较高,高中生、伴有抑郁症状的中学生从医意愿较低。     

青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为

目的:探讨青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为特点。方法:纳入符合ICD-10抑郁发作和复发性抑郁障碍诊断标准的青少年抑郁症患者78例,以及性别和年龄相匹配的正常对照143例。青少年健康相关危险行为问卷(AHRBI)评定健康相关危险行为,同时抑郁症组被试家长完成AHRBI父母版(AHRBI-P)评定。结果:抑郁症组的AHRBI总分、破坏纪律和自杀自伤行为因子分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。抑郁症组AHRBI总分、攻击暴力、破坏纪律和自杀自伤行为因子分均高于AHRBI-P相应评分(均P<0.05)。AHRBI自杀自伤行为因子分女性高于男性,AHRBI-P攻击暴力和破坏纪律行为因子分女性均低于男性(均P<0.05)。结论:青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为多于正常青少年,并存在性别差异。父母可能低估青少年抑郁症患者的健康相关危险行为。     

Insights on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: The crosstalk between amyloid pathology,neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, whose prevalence is growing along with the increased life expectancy. Although the accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain is viewed as one of the pathological hallmarks of AD and underlies, at least in part, brain cell dysfunction and behavior alterations, the etiology of this neurodegenerative disease is still poorly understood. Noticeably, increased amyloid load is accompanied by marked inflammatory alterations, both at the level of the brain parenchyma and at the barriers of the brain. However, it is debatable whether the neuroinflammation observed in aging and in AD, together with alterations in the peripheral immune system, are responsible for increased amyloidogenesis, decreased clearance of Aβ out of the brain and/or the marked deficits in memory and cognition manifested by AD patients. Herein, we scrutinize some important traits of the pathophysiology of aging and AD, focusing on the interplay between the amyloidogenic pathway, neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system.     

童年期创伤对高中生抑郁的影响:压力知觉的中介作用

目的:探讨高中生童年期创伤、压力知觉与抑郁之间的关系,为预防和识别高中生抑郁提供参考依据。方法:采用童年期创伤问卷、中文版压力知觉量表和流调中心用抑郁量表对安徽省滁州市2310名高中生进行调查。结果:(1)女生的压力知觉总分和抑郁总分显著高于男生,有留守经历学生的压力知觉总分和抑郁总分显著高于无留守经历的学生。(2)童年期创伤总分与压力知觉总分、抑郁总分均呈显著正相关。(3)中介作用检验结果表明,压力知觉在高中生童年期创伤与抑郁间中介作用显著,中介效应占总效应的比例为65.22%。结论:压力知觉在童年期创伤与抑郁间起部分中介作用,童年期创伤能直接或间接增加高中生患抑郁的风险。     

Efficacy and safety of escitalopram in treatment of severe depression in Chinese population

Metabolic Brain Disease - Severe depression accounts for one-third of depressed patients. Increasing severity of depression usually hinders patients from achieving remission. This study evaluated...     

自杀率变化趋势的性别特征及自杀方式影响的研究进展

本综述的目的是整体了解全球多国自杀率波动情况,分析自杀率趋势的性别特征,探讨自杀方式对自杀率变动趋势的影响,并推测我国自杀率变动的原因。近二十年来,包括我国在内的大多数国家的自杀率下降,南非等国的自杀率变化趋势基本平稳,而英国、美国、巴西等少数国家的自杀率上升。自杀率的变化趋势存在性别差异,也受到自杀方式的构成和致死性变化的影响。我国自杀率下降主要在于女性自杀率下降和最常见的服农药自杀的减少。     

稳定期精神分裂症患者血浆炎症因子与症状相关性研究

目的探讨稳定期精神分裂症患者血浆炎症因子水平及其与临床症状的关系。方法纳入稳定期精神分裂症患者75例(研究组)和健康对照40名(对照组),采用流式多重蛋白分析技术(cytometric bead array,CBA)检测所有被试的血浆促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)和抗炎因子白介素10(interleukin 10,IL-10)浓度,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative symptom scale,PANSS)评估患者临床症状。结果研究组与对照组的促炎因子TNF-α浓度差异有统计学意义[中位数与上下四分位数:1.16(1.02,1.49)ng/L vs.0.67(0.61,0.76)ng/L,P<0.01],IL-10浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。偏相关分析示,研究组血浆TNF-α浓度与PANSS中反应缺乏因子(r′=-0.33,P=0.01)、偏执因子(r′=-0.32,P=0.01)之间呈负相关。结论稳定期精神分裂症患者血浆TNF-α水平高于正常对照水平,且患者TNF-α水平与临床症状严重程度存在一定联系。     

Challenges of case identification and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in China: A critical review of procedures,assessment, and diagnostic criteria

The estimated prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in China has been consistently lower than most of the studies in the West. The current article addressed several challenges in identifying and diagnosing ASD in mainland China. The underestimated prevalence may due to a variety of reasons, including inconsistencies in screening and diagnostic procedures, variations in translated instruments, and discrepancies between diagnostic criteria. This review provides insight into ASD assessment and diagnosis in the Chinese population and discusses strategies for the further advancement of ASD identification and intervention in mainland China.     

Strangulation associated with a passive restraint shoulder harness seatselt: case report

Diagonal shoulder harness restraint devices have been implicated as causes of neck trauma in motor vehicle accidents. This type of seatbelt is commonly used as an alternative to airbags in required passive restraint systems. A case of strangulation secondary to an automatically engaging diagonal shoulder harness used without the accompanying lap seatbelt is reported.     

精神科医护人员对精神病态度20年前后比较

目的:了解20年前后精神科医护人员对精神病态度的变化。方法:选取北京回龙观医院、北京安定医院和北京民康医院的精神科医生和护士,1999年218人,2019年298人,用精神病态度调查问卷调查对精神病的态度。结果:2019年精神科医护人员精神病态度调查问卷分量表“精神病患者的行为是暴力和攻击性的”、“精神病不能治疗”、“精神病患者无社会价值”、“应回避精神病患者”、“应限制精神病患者的社会角色”得分均低于1999年的得分(P<0.05),但仍高于50分。多重线性回归分析提示医生(β=0.14、0.22,P<0.05)、男性(β=-0.12,P<0.05)、年龄小(β=-0.16、0.14、0.20、0.23,P<0.05)、受教育程度高(β=-0.28、-0.22、-0.21、-0.12,P<0.05)的医护人员更容易接纳精神病。结论:2019年精神科医护人员对精神病的态度较1999年有轻度改善,但仍存在一定程度的歧视;年轻、受教育程度高的男性医生对精神病的态度更积极乐观。