炎症性肠病相关结直肠肿瘤发生机制研究进展

近年来的研究显示,炎症性肠病并发结直肠肿瘤的可能性增加,其发病机制尚未明确。遗传物质、炎症因子、信号通路以及肠道菌群等的一系列改变和相互作用被认为可能在炎症性肠病相关的癌变进程中发挥重要作用。本文从流行病学、危险因素、疾病发生机制等方面阐述炎症性肠病与肿瘤发生的相关性。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗盲肠侧向发育型肿瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）对于盲肠侧向发育型肿瘤（laterally spreading tumors,LSTs）的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析大连医科大学附属第一医院2016年12月至2019年12月收治的应用ESD治疗的41例盲肠侧向发育型肿瘤患者的病例资料,观察并统计LSTs的表面形态分型（JNET分型）、病变大小,分析手术完整切除率、完全切除率（R0）、病理结果及手术并发症等情况,并且随访手术后的并发症和复发情况。结果 病变平均直径为（1.91±0.83）cm;完整切除率为100%,R0为95.1%（39/41）。术后病理结果Type 1型中,77.8%（7/9）病灶被诊断为锯齿状腺瘤,22.2%（2/9）病灶被诊断为增生性息肉。Type 2A型中,71.4%（20/28）病灶被诊断为低级别上皮内瘤变,28.6%（8/28）病灶被诊断为高级别上皮内瘤变。Type 2B型中,100%（4/4）病理为高级别上皮内瘤变。ESD并发术中穿孔和出血率分别为7.3%（3/41）、4.8%（2/41）,未见迟发性出血和穿孔。平均随访13.6个月无复发。结论 ESD治疗盲肠侧向发育型肿瘤的完整切除率高,并发症发生率低,是治疗盲肠侧向发育型肿瘤安全可行的治疗方法。     

Clinical characteristics,rates of blindness,and geographic features of PACD in China

ObjectiveTo analyze the rates of blindness with the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with primary angle-closure disease (PACD) to provide a comprehensive epidemiologic reference in China.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in the Chinese Glaucoma Study Consortium database, which is a national multicenter glaucoma research alliance of 111 hospitals participating between December 21, 2015 and September 9, 2018. The diagnosis of PACD was made by qualified physicians through examination. Comparison of sex, age, family history, subtypes of PACD, and blindness were analyzed.ResultsA total of 5762 glaucoma patients were included, of which 4588 (79.6%) had PACD. Of PACD patients, 72.1% were female with the sex ratio (F/M) of 2.6, and the average age of patients was 63.8±9.3 years with the majority between 60 and 70 years. Additionally, 30% of these patients had low vision in one eye, 8.8% had low vision in both eyes, 1.7% had blindness in one eye, and 0.3% had blindness in both eyes. There were statistical differences with regards to age between male and female patients with PACD, with male patients being older on average. Primary angle-closure glaucoma was more commonly diagnosed in males (60%) compared to females (35.9%), whereas acute primary angle closure (APAC) was more commonly diagnosed in females (54.3%) compared to males (37.7%). The visual acuity in APAC patients was lower and the rate of low vision and blindness was higher than other subtypes.ConclusionPACD was the major type of glaucoma in Chinese hospitals. There were more female patients with PACD, mostly between 60 and 70 years old, with higher rates of APAC in women. APAC resulted in the worst visual outcomes of all PACD subtypes.     

高血压小脑出血致呼吸骤停13例患者手术疗效分析

目的探讨高血压小脑出血致呼吸骤停患者的手术治疗价值。方法回顾性分析大连医科大学附属第一医院神经外科收治的13例高血压小脑出血致呼吸骤停患者的临床资料,13例患者均急行气管插管呼吸支持、脱水降颅内压等急诊干预后,立即行开颅血肿清除,后颅窝减压,枕骨大孔开放术,必要时联合侧脑室外引流术。用GOS评分评价治疗效果,将所有患者按年龄、血肿量、是否梗阻性脑积水、发病至呼吸骤停时间、呼吸骤停至手术时间分组统计分析。结果年龄在60岁以下,血肿量在30ml以下,发病至呼吸骤停时间不小于3．5h,呼吸骤停至手术小于1h,手术治疗效果较好,反之,手术效果差;是否有梗阻性脑积水无明显统计学意义。结论高血压小脑出血致呼吸骤停患者,只要在血压、心率平稳前提下,部分病人仍应尽快积极手术治疗,仍可获得较满意效果,保守治疗效果差。     

同时性多中心尿路上皮癌克隆起源的FISH研究

目的探讨同时性多中心尿路上皮癌的克隆起源。方法通过荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）技术对20例病例,49枚肿瘤的3、7、9、17号染色体的变异类型进行检测,判断肿瘤多中心灶间染色体变异类型是否一致。结果 12例多中心灶各瘤灶间CSP3、CSP7、CSP17及GLP p16变异类型完全相同;8例GLP p16改变相同而CSP3、CSP7、CSP17变异类型不完全一致,其中6例GLP p16为相同的缺失改变,2例GLP p16为相同的非缺失改变。结论 20例病例中,18例（90%）有相同克隆起源,另外2例亦不能排除为同一克隆起源可能,提示绝大多数同时性多中心尿路上皮癌为单克隆起源。     

Dexmedetomidine promotes liver regeneration in mice after 70% partial hepatectomy by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome not TLR4/NFκB

Inflammasome activation is mediated by NOD-like receptors (NLRs) that play important role in cellular proliferation. NLRP3 senses the widest array of stimuli. But its role in the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is still unknown. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been documented to protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which is important for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and liver regeneration. We tested whether Dex contributes to liver regeneration, and investigated its consequent effect on inflammasome activation. In vitro, L02 human liver cells were treated with Dex at different concentrations. The 70% PHx was performed in C57 BL/6 mice as PHx group, and sham-operated animals as Sham group, Dex-treated animals were assigned into two groups: Dex + PHx, which received single intraperitoneal injections of Dex (25 μg/kg) before PHx 30 mins; Dex + PHx + Dex, which received additional Dex (25 μg/kg) after PHx for 3 days. Dex significantly inhibited the proliferation of Lo2 cells in vitro and decreased the expression of TLR4/NFκB. In vivo, Dex + PHx exhibited promoted effect on liver regeneration and liver function recovery via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dex + PH + Dex inhibited the liver regeneration, which may be associated with suppressed expression levels of TLR4/NFκB pathway. Though Dex pretreatment contributed to liver regeneration and function recovery via inflammation suppression, excessive inflammation suppression accompanied with TLR4 suppression could be related to the diminished liver regeneration, suggesting that TLR4/NFκB played important role in liver regeneration and Dex + PHx might be a useful therapeutic strategy to promote liver regeneration in clinical.     

肺原发性肠型腺癌和肺转移性结直肠腺癌的临床病理差异性分析

目的 探讨肺原发性肠型腺癌和肺转移性结直肠腺癌的临床病理学差异,为肺原发性肠型腺癌的鉴别诊断和分子靶向治疗提供参考依据。 方法 收集2016年1月至2021年12月大连医科大学附属第一医院病理学诊断为肺原发性肠型腺癌6例和肺转移性结直肠腺癌16例患者的临床病理资料和组织学样本。应用免疫组织化学、荧光原位杂交和实时定量PCR技术,探讨二者分子病理特征差异。结果 相对于肺转移性结直肠腺癌,肺原发性肠型腺癌肿瘤较大（P=0.044）,病理分期较早（P＜0.001）,胸膜侵袭较为常见（P=0.025）。肺原发性肠型腺癌均出现CK7和Villin免疫组化阳性表达,Ki-67和P53阳性表达率低于肺转移性结直肠腺癌（P＜0.05）。肺原发性肠型腺癌和肺转移性结直肠腺癌KRAS基因突变率相当（P＞0.05）。肺原发性肠型腺癌3例出现HER2蛋白的阳性表达中1例有HER2基因扩增,1例存在HER2基因突变。 结论 免疫组化CK7和Villin的阳性表达,在肺原发性肠型腺癌和肺转移性结直肠腺癌的鉴别诊断中有较高的应用价值。肺原发性肠型腺癌出现HER2基因扩增和突变阳性可能具有一定诊断治疗价值。     

妊娠高血压综合征并发脑出血临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）并发脑出血的临床特点.方法 对妊高征并发脑出血患者的临床资料进行分析.结果 妊高征并发脑出血主要临床表现为不明原因的头痛、意识障碍,头CT检查有助于确诊,积极治疗妊高征并配合神经科治疗为本病的主要治疗措施.结论 预防妊高征并发脑出血的主要措施是产前定期系统的检查,发现患者出现头痛、呕吐及意识障碍应及时行头CT检查,积极治疗妊高征及其他相关治疗,可改善妊高征并发脑出血的预后.