圈套器联合棉线牵引辅助在内镜黏膜下剥离上消化道早癌中的应用研究

目的研究新型辅助技术圈套器联合棉线在内镜黏膜下剥离上消化道早癌病变中的应用研究。方法回顾性研究2016年6月-2019年2月在该院内镜中心接受治疗的上消化道早癌患者40例,分为对照组和改良牵引组,每组各20例。对照组采用传统的内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),改良牵引组使用圈套器联合棉线牵引辅助行ESD,分别从手术完整切除率、手术时间、术中及术后并发症、术后平均住院天数等方面进行对比。结果术前两组患者在年龄、性别构成、肿瘤部位及直径等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组上消化道早癌患者完整切除率为100%。对照组手术时间为(73.95±13.04)min,改良牵引组为(50.95±12.62)min,改良牵引组手术时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.74,P<0.01)。对照组有2例发生术中出血、2例术后发生迟发性出血及穿孔,均通过内镜下处理好转出院。对照组住院时间为(10.21±3.74)d,改良牵引组为(6.05±2.56)d,改良牵引组住院时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=9.15,P<0.01)。所有标本术后病理底切缘及侧切缘均为阴性。40例患者术后随访至截稿时均未复发,无术后食管胃狭窄等远期并发症。结论圈套器联合棉线牵引辅助装置能给ESD操作者提供良好的手术视野,在缩短手术时间的同时,降低并发症的发生风险,而且该装置组合简便,能作为ESD治疗黏膜病变过程中的一个有效辅助装置。     

CHA2DS2-VASc评分在心力衰竭患者血栓栓塞风险预测中的应用

目的分析不同纽约心脏协会（NYHA）心功能分级心力衰竭患者的血栓栓塞风险差异及CHA₂DS₂-VASc评分对于心力衰竭患者血栓栓塞事件的预测价值。 方法回顾性分析4 360例心力衰竭住院患者的CHA₂DS₂-VASc评分，根据心功能的受损状况将其分为NYHA Ⅰ级组（1 180例）、NYHA Ⅱ级组（1 168例）、NYHA Ⅲ级组（1 187例）和NYHA Ⅳ级组（825例）。采用Logistic回归模型分析NYHA心功能分级对心力衰竭患者罹患血栓栓塞疾病风险的影响，NYHA心功能分级与CHA₂DS₂-VASc评分之间的线性相关度用Spearman相关系数表示，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线的曲线下面积（AUC）判定CHA₂DS₂-VASc评分对于心力衰竭患者发生血栓栓塞风险的预测价值。 结果4组患者间年龄（F = 106.490，P<0.001）、女性（H = 79.101，P< 0.001）、年龄亚组（H = 256.557，P<0.001）、高血压（H = 8.092，P = 0.044）、糖尿病（H = 8.060，P = 0.045）、血栓栓塞疾病（H = 41.427，P<0.001）、血管疾病（H = 40.567，P < 0.001）、高脂血症（H = 260.762，P < 0.001）及心房颤动（H = 306.597，P < 0.001）比例的比较，差异均有统计学意义。且与NYHA Ⅰ级组比较，女性比例，NYHA Ⅱ~Ⅳ级组患者中65~74岁与≥ 75岁比例，以及患糖尿病、血栓栓塞疾病、血管疾病、心房颤动比例均显著升高（P均< 0.05）。Logistic回归模型校正危险因素后发现，NYHA Ⅲ级[比值比（OR）=1.500，95%置信区间（CI）（1.126，1.999），P = 0.006]与NYHA Ⅳ级[OR = 1.688，95%CI（1.239，2.300），P = 0.001]均是心力衰竭患者发生血栓栓塞的独立危险因素。心功能级别与CHA₂DS₂-VASc评分两变量之间呈弱相关（r = 0.193，P < 0.001）。ROC曲线分析结果显示CHA₂DS₂-VASc评分[AUC = 0.902，95%CI（0.890，0.915），P < 0.001]对于心力衰竭患者血栓栓塞风险的预测价值较高。 结论心力衰竭患者NYHA心功能分级越高，血栓栓塞风险越高。合并血栓栓塞高危因素时，可采用CHA₂DS₂-VASc评分系统评估栓塞风险的同时给予恰当的抗凝治疗，降低栓塞事件发生率。     

声触诊组织成像定量技术鉴别诊断不同大小乳腺结节

目的 观察声触诊组织成像定量（VTIQ）技术鉴别诊断乳腺不同大小良恶性实性结节的价值。方法 纳入175例经病理学证实的女性乳腺肿瘤患者共193个实性结节，根据结节最大径将其分为≤10 mm组、>10 mm且<20 mm组及≥20 mm组，行VTIQ成像检查，获得结节内部的平均剪切波速度（SWV_mean）。以病理结果为金标准，绘制SWV_mean诊断乳腺不同大小实性结节的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，评价其诊断效能。结果 193个结节中，良性101个、恶性92个；良性结节中61.39%（62/101）为纤维腺瘤，恶性结节中80.43%（74/92）为浸润性导管癌。3组不同大小结节良恶性构成比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。各组良恶性结节间SWV_mean差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。SWV_mean诊断≤10 mm组、>10 mm且<20 mm组及≥20 mm组良恶性结节的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.77[95% CI（0.64，0.90）]、0.88[95% CI（0.79，0.97）]及0.92[95% CI（0.84，1.00）]，截断值为3.93 m/s、4.16 m/s和4.60 m/s，敏感度分别为69.23%、90.90%和90.91%，特异度分别为82.86%、77.14%和87.10%，准确率分别为77.05%、83.82%、89.06%。SWV_mean对≤10 mm与≥20 mm乳腺良恶性结节的AUC差异具有统计学意义（Z=1.992，P=0.046），其余组间差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 VTIQ技术鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性实性结节具有一定价值，SWV_mean对≥20 mm乳腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断效能优于≤10 mm结节。     

普通外科手术部位感染目标性监测研究

目的通过对徐州医学院附属医院普通外科手术部位感染（SSI）的目标性监测研究,探讨影响手术部位感染的危险因素。方法采用前瞻性目标研究的方法,由医院感染专职人员对普通外科所有手术患者切口情况进行观察,并于手术后1个月进行电话回访,了解手术切口愈合情况。结果1 589例次手术患者中,155例次手术部位发生感染,感染率为9.75%;不同手术类别相同危险指数的手术以剖腹探查手术和结肠手术感染发生最高;有56例患者在出院后发生手术部位感染,随访感染占总感染例数的36.13%,随访感染以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类手术为主;经单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析得出,白蛋白及血红蛋白值异常、急诊手术、失血、切口类型、引流为手术部位感染的危险因素。结论手术危险指数越高,切口污染越严重,SSI发生率就越高;加强手术患者出院后的追踪随访,有助于了解SSI的真实情况;普外科SSI存在着多种危险因素,采取针对性的措施进行目标性监测,才能有效降低SSI的发生率。     

Circ_0000011 promotes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via miR-27a-3p-dependent regulation of NRIP1

Background

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can result in brain function impairments. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as vital regulators in cerebral I/R injury. However, the functions of mmu_circ_0000011 in cerebral I/R injury are still unclear. Thus, in this study, we aimed to explore the effect of mmu_circ_0000011 on cerebral I/R injury.

Methods

Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced HT-22 cells were used to mimic the condition of cerebral I/R injury in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, 5’-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and flow cytometry analysis were utilized to assess cell viability, LDH release, proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to determined the levels of circ_0000011, miR-27a-3p and NRIP1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were utilized to analyze the targeting relation of circ_0000011, miR-27a-3p and NRIP1.

Results

OGD/R treatment inhibited HT-22 cell viability and promoted LDH release, cell apoptosis and inflammation. Circ_0000011 level was increased in OGD/R-induced HT-22 cells. Silencing of circ_0000011 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited LDH release, apoptosis and inflammation in OGD/R-treated HT-22 cells. For mechanism analysis, circ_0000011 was demonstrated to sponge miR-27a-3p, which directly targeted NRIP1. MiR-27a-3p inhibition or NRIP1 overexpression ameliorated the impacts of circ_0000011 silencing on cell proliferation, LDH release, apoptosis and inflammation in OGD/R-treated HT-22 cells.

Conclusions

Circ_0000011 promotes OGD/R-induced HT-22 cell impairments by elevating NRIP1 through sponging miR-27a-3p.

     

骨盆恶性肿瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨骨盆恶性肿瘤手术治疗的方法.方法对16 例骨盆恶性肿瘤患者,根据术前CT或MRI表现,按Enneking分区及Enneki化疗3个疗程.先行双侧髂内动脉结扎,对能保ng骨肿瘤分期分类.对Enneking骨肿瘤分期Ⅱ期及转移瘤病人,术前留骨盆承重环的Ⅰ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区肿瘤,直接手术扩大切除,不能保留骨盆承重环的Ⅰ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区肿瘤,手术扩大切除肿瘤,自体或异体骨移植＋重建钢板固定.Ⅱ区肿瘤,手术扩大切除肿瘤,可调式人工半骨盆置换或瘤块切除,克式针固定骨水泥填塞.结果术后随访1～3.5 a,平均2.8 a.所有病人均能下地行走,无肢体短缩.结论根据骨盆肿瘤的部位选择相应的术式,可以最大限度地保留肢体功能.术前化疗和双侧髂内动脉结扎可提高骨盆肿瘤的切除率.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acinetobacter baumannii</Emphasis> bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy: a multicentre retrospective study from the Infection Working Party of Jiangsu Society of Hematology

Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies is fatal but rarely reported. We explored the clinical characteristics, drug resistances and prognostic factors in these patients. This multicentre, retrospective study was conducted at the department of haematology wards of 18 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2014 to June 2015. The total clinical isolates from every source were collected from patients with haematological malignancy. Haematological malignancy patients diagnosed with Ab bacteraemia were analysed. During the study period, 40 patients with Ab bacteraemia were identified, accounting for 2.9% (40/1358) of bacteraemia cases, of which 25 (62.5%) had acute leukaemia (AL) and 27 (67.5%) had neutropaenia. Compared with non-neutropaenic patients, neutropaenic patients showed higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scores and 30-day mortality rates (p?<?0.05). The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Ab to colistin was highest, at 100%, followed by that of tigecycline (91.30%) and amikacin (75.86%). Compared with the patients who had carbapenem-susceptible Ab infections, patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Ab (CRAB) had significantly longer hospital stays and were more likely to have had exposure to carbapenem before bacteraemia (p?<?0.05). The 30-day mortality rate was 32.5%. CRAB, neutropaenia, higher APACHE score, Pitt bacteraemia score and inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. Multivariable analysis showed that APACHE score and CRAB were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Haematologic patients with AL and febrile neutropaenia were at high risk of Ab bacteraemia. More attention should be paid to CRAB, which is an independent risk factor for mortality in haematological malignancy patients with Ab bacteraemia.     

下肢大关节手术围手术期抗凝治疗

静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism, VTE)包括深静脉血栓形成和肺血栓栓塞症, 是下肢大关节手术后发生率高且后果严重的并发症, 因此术后抗凝治疗预防VTE受到越来越多骨科医师的重视。随着国内外抗凝治疗指南的推广应用, 下肢大关节手术后VTE发生风险及死亡率明显降低, 对此类患者术后常规抗凝治疗已成为骨科医师共识; 然而, 目前对于具体抗凝方案及疗程选择, 是否需要联合用药, 以及对合并复杂基础疾病患者的围手术期抗凝等问题仍有争议。本文对下肢大关节手术围手术期常用抗凝药物、抗凝方案、抗凝风险和并发症以及复杂情况下的抗凝治疗进行阐述。